13 名词辨析（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（天津专版）

名词辨析（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 考点 题型 名词辨析 单项 选择 2023 6月 2023 3月 2022 6月 2022 4月 2021 6月 2021 3月 2020 7月 2020 5月 2019 6月 2019 3月 数量 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近5年天津卷对于名词辨析的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查：名词在特定语境中的语用功能 【备考策略】 高考天津卷对名词的考查主要是通过语境考查考生对不同名词具体含义的掌握情况，且考查的名词都是常用词。近几年，高考天津卷对名词的考查不局限于单项填空题，在完形填空、阅读理解、阅读表达中也增加了对名词“一词多义”和“熟词生义”的考查。考生在备考过程中，要注意名词在具体语境中的意义，不可“生搬”汉语翻译，要关注名词的“一词多义”和“熟词生义”现象，并积累名词的常用搭配。 【命题预测】 2025年单项选择中仍然会考查名词在特定语境中的使用。 必备基础知识： 常考名词汇总 accord 一致，调和，协定 advertisement 广告，启事，公告 advice 忠告，劝告，意见，建议 amazement 惊愕，惊异 anniversary 周年纪念 application 应用，申请，志愿书，应用程序 association 协会，关联 barrier 障碍，栅栏 bite 咬，一口 blood 血，血统 branch 树枝，支店，支流，分部 break 休息，中断，破裂处，破晓 cause 原因，目标 charge 指控，费用，主管 chunk 大块，矮胖的人（或物） company 公司，友伴，朋友 control 控制，管理，克制 convenience 方便，便利的事物，方便的时候 coupon 息票，赠券 cover 盖子，封面 defect 缺点，缺损，缺陷 defence 防卫，防卫物，防御 delivery 递送，交付，分娩，交货 deposit 存款，定金，堆积物 destination 目的地，目标，目的 device 装置，设备 disadvantage 缺点，不利 dispatch 派遣，急件 donation 捐赠物，捐款，捐赠 effect 结果，影响，效果 empathy 移情作用，共鸣 exercise 运动，练习，作业 experience 经历；经验 fail 不及格，失败 fear 恐怖，害怕，担心 fill 装满 follow 跟随，追随 forum 论坛，专题讨论 furniture 家具，帆具 glance 一瞥，闪光，掠过 hit 打击，冲撞，讽刺 humanity 人性，人类 importance 重要，重要性，重要地位 increase 增加，增进，利益 influence 影响力 information 消息，通知，信息 ingredient 成分，因素，成分，组分 instrument 工具，手段，仪器 intelligence 智力，情报，信息 interest 兴趣，爱好，趣味 interview 面谈，访问，接见，面试 leave 许可，休假 length 长度，长，期间，一段 lie 谎言 literature 文学，文艺，著作 notice 注意，布告，通知 obsession 困扰，困扰人的情绪 passage 通道，一段，走廊 perseverance 毅力，忍耐，锲而不舍 poison 毒药，毒，有毒害的事物 population 人口，人口数 practice 实践，练习 pressure 压力，压迫，压强 prevalence 普遍，流行，广泛，盛行 progress 进步，发展，前进 pull 拉，拖，拉力，牵引力，吸引 raise 上升，高地，增高 recipe 食谱，处方，秘诀 reserve 储备品，贮量，自然保护区，保留 rise 上升，增加，上涨 scale 刻度，比例，等级，规模，秤 shut 关闭 signature 签字，识别标志 sketch 素描，草图，小品 stick 棍，枯枝，茎，条状物 strain 紧张，拉紧，张力，扭伤 strength 力量，实力，强度，浓度 strike 罢工，打击，殴打 string 线，细绳，一串，字符串 success 成功，成就，胜利 suggestion 提议，意见，暗示 sympathy 同情，赞同，怜悯，慰问 temperature 温度，发烧，热度 throw 投掷，掷骰子，冒险 tragedy 悲剧，惨事，灾难 treasure 宝物，财富 treat 宴请，款待 trouble 麻烦，困难，动乱，故障 underline 下划线，图下说明文字 variety 多样，种类，变种 victory 胜利，战胜，克服 wonder 奇迹，惊奇，惊愕 谐音 worry 担心，烦恼，苦恼 wound 创伤，伤口，伤疤，伤害 重难点知识： 考点精讲01 常考名词搭配 a wet blanket 扫兴的人，泼冷水的人 among the top concerns最重要的事情之一 an eager beaver 对工作极有热忱的人 approach to...的方式/方法 at one’s leisure 空闲时 at the expense of 以损害......为代价 be of vital importance至关重要 behind the wheel在驾驶汽车 break new ground有所发现，开拓创新 by trial and error通过反复试验/不断摸索 cast a shadow on给......蒙上阴影 cool as a cucumber非常冷静，泰然自若 develop a taste for培养对......的爱好 do good to 对......有益处/好处 do harm to对......有害 do sb. wrong 冤枉某人 earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉 get access to 进入(某地)，见到(某人或某物) give an accurate account of 精确地描述...... have a frog in one’s throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难 have a say有发言权 have access to 有......可使用 have second thoughts (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑 in favor of 支持 in question 讨论(或议论)中的；有疑问 keep sb. company陪伴某人 leave an impression on给......留下印象 lend sb. a hand帮某人 lose touch/contact with与......失去联系 make an impact on 对......有影响 make room for给......让出地方/空间 on display/ show 陈列，展出 on reflection经再三考虑 on the horizon将要发生 pull one’s weight做好分内事，尽责 quest for 对....的探索/追求 set...in motion使......开始运转 solution to......的解决办法 sympathy for 同情...... take advantage of 利用 take control of 掌管，取得对...的控制 take...for example 以......为例 the cutting edge (of something)(某事物发展的)尖端，最前沿 throw in the towel认输 throw light on使......更容易理解 turn over a new leaf 洗心革面，改过自新 under construction在建设中 under control 在控制中 under pressure在压力下 under threat受到威胁 ups and downs起起落落，兴衰，浮沉，悲欢 virtual reality虚拟现实 （最新模拟试题演练） 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）J. K. Rowling provides a fascinating ______ of her journey from her humble beginnings in a small Edinburgh Cafe to becoming a globally celebrated author, inspiring millions. A．history B．target C．custom D．account 2．（2024·天津河西·二模）Peking University has the ______ of being one of the most famous universities in the world, so it attracts a large number of excellent students every year. A．distinction B．admission C．impression D．ambition 3．（2024·天津·二模）The hit film YOLO has received criticism as well as ______ since it was released because views on overweight differ. A．credit B．argument C．implement D．privilege 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ must go to addressing immediate needs and ensuring the safety of all individuals in the community during this crisis. A．Measures B．Targets C．Functions. D．Priorities 5．（2024·天津河东·二模）At the wedding, the invited guests bear ________ to the love between the couple. A．comparison B．blame C．relation D．witness 6．（2024·天津·二模）He has a strong __________ for wearing running shoes whether it is for daily runs, casual outings or simply relaxing. A．dislike B．ambition C．concern D．preference 7．（2024·天津·二模）The CCTV show - the Chinese Poetry Competition has been popular among the audience, which is partly designed to arouse people’s ______ in Chinese poetry. A．enthusiasm B．response C．significance D．reflection 8．（2024·天津·二模）The car’s________ has improved a lot since a new engine has been applied to it. A．appearance B．character C．performance D．substance 9．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Nature has always been a ______ of inspiration for poets and writers throughout history. A．source B．shelter C．barrier D．background 10．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）—How can I believe you can pay the debts on time? —I’d like to offer my house as a ______. A．guarantee B．symbol C．promise D．permission 11．（2024·天津·二模）Over the years, people have learned from ants that team work and perseverance are two key _______ to success. A．contents B．ingredients C．approaches D．instructions 12．（2024·天津红桥·二模）She raised her finger to her lips as a (an) ________ for silence. A．idea B．mark C．sign D．word 13．（2024·天津宁河·一模）When giving first aid, we should give top ________ to those in the most serious situations. A．priority B．potential C．criticism D．elements 14．（2024·天津南开·一模）First, we need to build up a detailed ______ of our customers and their requirements. A．phase B．profile C．tendency D．distribution 15．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Reading is widely believed to be a ________ to learn more about the world. A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background 16．（2024·天津·一模）Besides proper amounts of practice, perseverance is also one of the key ______ of success. A．elements B．categories C．ranges D．processes 17．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare workers are at risk of getting infectious diseases because of their ________ to infected patients. A．guidance B．response C．exposure D．advantage 18．（2024·天津河东·一模）We should forgive his bad temper because we know that losing his job has put him under great ______. A．emotion B．excitement C．crisis D．stress 19．（2024·天津河北·一模）China’s Belt and Road Initiative means a new ________ for trade and investment between countries, leading into a new era of prosperity. A．burden B．dawn C．chart D．survey 20．（2024·天津和平·一模）Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed a(n)______ for birds, too. A．habit B．interest C．passion D．appetite 21．（2022·天津南开·一模）The ________ on Sarah’s face told me that she got annoyed. A．confidence B．impression C．appearance D．expression 22．（2023·天津南开·模拟预测）Healthcare workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their ______to patients. A．guidance B．assignment C．exposure D．response 23．（2023·天津·二模）Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism but the people also rapidly feel its ________. A．benefits B．contribution C．demand D．effects 24．（2023·天津河西·三模）My first ______ of our English teacher was that she was too strict, but now she is a patient and kind-hearted lady in my mind. A．connection B．motivation C．permission D．impression 25．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）Through the old soldiers’ vivid ________of the Long March, the students gained a more profound insight into the incomparable loyalty and firm belief of the Red Army. A．issue B．account C．opinion D．practice 26．（2023·天津北辰·模拟预测）—Are you feeling any better, Lucy? —Yes. The medicine the doctor gave me brought ________ to my headache. A．safety B．shelter C．relief D．defense 27．（2023·天津·一模）Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the ________ of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. A．supply B．assistance C．quantity D．release 28．（2023·天津河北·二模）Her enthusiasm and ________to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas. A．judgement B．commitment C．competition D．evolution 29．（2023·天津南开·二模）As companies are trying hard to attract and keep young people for their technical skills and enthusiasm for change, office culture is becoming an ________ of youth culture. A．expansion B．extension C．expression D．exhibition 30．（2023·天津和平·二模）Students are encouraged to speak and improve their English with the ________ of teachers who will always use English with them and give them help. A．absence B．strength C．defence D．presence 31．（2023·天津河东·二模）It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East. What’s your ________ of the situation there? A．assessment B．adjustment C．appointment D．assistance 32．（2023·天津红桥·一模）Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the ________ of their goals and ambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes. A．procedure B．pursuit C．preference D．progress 33．（2023·天津南开·一模）At that time we had to make the________ that the disease was spreading and take action to stop it. A．arrangement B．appointment C．assumption D．assistance 34．（2023·天津·一模）When coming across a word you don’t know, you can try to guess the meaning of the word from the ______. A．context B．access C．creativity D．approach 35．（2023·天津河东·一模）The TV series Flight to You has received a lot of positive________ from the audience. A．reviews B．previews C．revisions D．proposals 36．（2023·天津和平·一模）Having the courage to be disliked does not mean that you can use your weaknesses as an ________ for not improving yourself. A．capacity B．excuse C．passion D．demand 37．（2022·天津南开·一模）These biological discoveries all help us understand the ________ for life on our planet, even in the most extreme circumstances. A．component B．coverage C．capacity D．comprehension 38．（2022·天津南开·三模）Because of long-time ________ from other continents, Australia owns its special animals. A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection 39．（2022·天津南开·二模）The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist. A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket 40．（2022·天津·二模）People have difficulty accepting that their pictures were webcast live to millions of viewers, ______ the fact that some of them were not so graceful. A．no doubt B．no denying C．nothing like D．not to mention 41．（2022·天津·二模）The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA． A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution 42．（2022·天津和平·三模）He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books. A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief 43．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite. A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration 44．（2022·天津河西·二模）There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest. A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience 45．（2022·天津河北·二模）The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place. A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions 46．（2022·天津红桥·二模）Nowadays the _________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice 47．（2022·天津宁河·二模）When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching_______, a specific program to address academic needs. A．comparison B．accumulation C．intervention D．conservation 48．（2022·天津和平·一模）Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this ______ out of the long-existing discrimination. A．concept B．assessment C．identity D．personality 49．（2022·天津河西·一模）To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel ________. A．consumption B．collection C．commitment D．distribution 50．（2022·天津和平·一模）We’ve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ________. A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District, which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems. A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first. A．focus B．target C．function D．trick 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating. A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________. A．system B．method C．investment D．environment 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science. A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers. A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory 7．（2019·天津·高考真题）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways. A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）People believe writing poems provides a ________ through which they can express their feelings. A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background 9．（2018·天津·高考真题）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A．advice B．order C．possibility D．invitation 10．（2018·天津·高考真题）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on? A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence 11．（2017·天津·高考真题）The newspaper gave an accurate ________ of what happened the night before last. A．example B．display C．signal D．account 12．（2016·天津·高考真题）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight. A．effect B．sense C．change D．chance 13．（2014·天津·高考真题）Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power. A．source B．sense C．result D．root 14．（2013·天津·高考真题）While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art. A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit 15．（2012·天津·高考真题）You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary 16．（2010·天津·高考真题）James took the magazines off the little table to make _______for the television. A．room B．area C．field D．position 17．（2009·天津·高考真题）I’m trying to break the ________ of getting up too late. A．tradition B．convenience C．habit D．leisure 18．（2008·天津·高考真题）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil. A．fuels B．articles C．goods D．products 19．（2007·天津·高考真题）One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________. A．bills B．expenses C．prices D．charges 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 名词辨析（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 考点 题型 名词辨析 单项 选择 2023 6月 2023 3月 2022 6月 2022 4月 2021 6月 2021 3月 2020 7月 2020 5月 2019 6月 2019 3月 数量 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近5年天津卷对于名词辨析的考查集中于单项选择题，主要考查：名词在特定语境中的语用功能 【备考策略】 高考天津卷对名词的考查主要是通过语境考查考生对不同名词具体含义的掌握情况，且考查的名词都是常用词。近几年，高考天津卷对名词的考查不局限于单项填空题，在完形填空、阅读理解、阅读表达中也增加了对名词“一词多义”和“熟词生义”的考查。考生在备考过程中，要注意名词在具体语境中的意义，不可“生搬”汉语翻译，要关注名词的“一词多义”和“熟词生义”现象，并积累名词的常用搭配。 【命题预测】 2025年单项选择中仍然会考查名词在特定语境中的使用。 必备基础知识： 常考名词汇总 accord 一致，调和，协定 advertisement 广告，启事，公告 advice 忠告，劝告，意见，建议 amazement 惊愕，惊异 anniversary 周年纪念 application 应用，申请，志愿书，应用程序 association 协会，关联 barrier 障碍，栅栏 bite 咬，一口 blood 血，血统 branch 树枝，支店，支流，分部 break 休息，中断，破裂处，破晓 cause 原因，目标 charge 指控，费用，主管 chunk 大块，矮胖的人（或物） company 公司，友伴，朋友 control 控制，管理，克制 convenience 方便，便利的事物，方便的时候 coupon 息票，赠券 cover 盖子，封面 defect 缺点，缺损，缺陷 defence 防卫，防卫物，防御 delivery 递送，交付，分娩，交货 deposit 存款，定金，堆积物 destination 目的地，目标，目的 device 装置，设备 disadvantage 缺点，不利 dispatch 派遣，急件 donation 捐赠物，捐款，捐赠 effect 结果，影响，效果 empathy 移情作用，共鸣 exercise 运动，练习，作业 experience 经历；经验 fail 不及格，失败 fear 恐怖，害怕，担心 fill 装满 follow 跟随，追随 forum 论坛，专题讨论 furniture 家具，帆具 glance 一瞥，闪光，掠过 hit 打击，冲撞，讽刺 humanity 人性，人类 importance 重要，重要性，重要地位 increase 增加，增进，利益 influence 影响力 information 消息，通知，信息 ingredient 成分，因素，成分，组分 instrument 工具，手段，仪器 intelligence 智力，情报，信息 interest 兴趣，爱好，趣味 interview 面谈，访问，接见，面试 leave 许可，休假 length 长度，长，期间，一段 lie 谎言 literature 文学，文艺，著作 notice 注意，布告，通知 obsession 困扰，困扰人的情绪 passage 通道，一段，走廊 perseverance 毅力，忍耐，锲而不舍 poison 毒药，毒，有毒害的事物 population 人口，人口数 practice 实践，练习 pressure 压力，压迫，压强 prevalence 普遍，流行，广泛，盛行 progress 进步，发展，前进 pull 拉，拖，拉力，牵引力，吸引 raise 上升，高地，增高 recipe 食谱，处方，秘诀 reserve 储备品，贮量，自然保护区，保留 rise 上升，增加，上涨 scale 刻度，比例，等级，规模，秤 shut 关闭 signature 签字，识别标志 sketch 素描，草图，小品 stick 棍，枯枝，茎，条状物 strain 紧张，拉紧，张力，扭伤 strength 力量，实力，强度，浓度 strike 罢工，打击，殴打 string 线，细绳，一串，字符串 success 成功，成就，胜利 suggestion 提议，意见，暗示 sympathy 同情，赞同，怜悯，慰问 temperature 温度，发烧，热度 throw 投掷，掷骰子，冒险 tragedy 悲剧，惨事，灾难 treasure 宝物，财富 treat 宴请，款待 trouble 麻烦，困难，动乱，故障 underline 下划线，图下说明文字 variety 多样，种类，变种 victory 胜利，战胜，克服 wonder 奇迹，惊奇，惊愕 谐音 worry 担心，烦恼，苦恼 wound 创伤，伤口，伤疤，伤害 重难点知识： 考点精讲01 常考名词搭配 a wet blanket 扫兴的人，泼冷水的人 among the top concerns最重要的事情之一 an eager beaver 对工作极有热忱的人 approach to...的方式/方法 at one’s leisure 空闲时 at the expense of 以损害......为代价 be of vital importance至关重要 behind the wheel在驾驶汽车 break new ground有所发现，开拓创新 by trial and error通过反复试验/不断摸索 cast a shadow on给......蒙上阴影 cool as a cucumber非常冷静，泰然自若 develop a taste for培养对......的爱好 do good to 对......有益处/好处 do harm to对......有害 do sb. wrong 冤枉某人 earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉 get access to 进入(某地)，见到(某人或某物) give an accurate account of 精确地描述...... have a frog in one’s throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难 have a say有发言权 have access to 有......可使用 have second thoughts (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑 in favor of 支持 in question 讨论(或议论)中的；有疑问 keep sb. company陪伴某人 leave an impression on给......留下印象 lend sb. a hand帮某人 lose touch/contact with与......失去联系 make an impact on 对......有影响 make room for给......让出地方/空间 on display/ show 陈列，展出 on reflection经再三考虑 on the horizon将要发生 pull one’s weight做好分内事，尽责 quest for 对....的探索/追求 set...in motion使......开始运转 solution to......的解决办法 sympathy for 同情...... take advantage of 利用 take control of 掌管，取得对...的控制 take...for example 以......为例 the cutting edge (of something)(某事物发展的)尖端，最前沿 throw in the towel认输 throw light on使......更容易理解 turn over a new leaf 洗心革面，改过自新 under construction在建设中 under control 在控制中 under pressure在压力下 under threat受到威胁 ups and downs起起落落，兴衰，浮沉，悲欢 virtual reality虚拟现实 （最新模拟试题演练） 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）J. K. Rowling provides a fascinating ______ of her journey from her humble beginnings in a small Edinburgh Cafe to becoming a globally celebrated author, inspiring millions. A．history B．target C．custom D．account 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：J. K. Rowling 讲述了她从爱丁堡一家小咖啡馆卑微起步到成为全球知名作家的迷人历程，激励了数百万人。A. history历史；B. target目标；C. custom习俗；D. account描述。J. K. Rowling 提供了一个引人入胜的描述，讲述了她从爱丁堡一家小咖啡馆的不起眼开始到成为备受全球瞩目的作家的旅程，激励了无数人，选择account一词符合句意的需要。故选D。 2．（2024·天津河西·二模）Peking University has the ______ of being one of the most famous universities in the world, so it attracts a large number of excellent students every year. A．distinction B．admission C．impression D．ambition 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京大学有着全世界最著名大学之一的荣誉，因此每年都吸引着大批优秀的学生。A. distinction荣誉；B. admission录取；C. impression印象；D. ambition志向。分析句子意思可知，这里需要名词distinction，作宾语，构成短语have the distinction of，意为“有……的荣誉/特殊之处”。故选A。 3．（2024·天津·二模）The hit film YOLO has received criticism as well as ______ since it was released because views on overweight differ. A．credit B．argument C．implement D．privilege 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：热门电影《热辣滚烫》自上映以来，既受到批评，也受到赞扬，因为人们对超重的看法不一。A. credit赞扬；B. argument争论；C. implement工具；器具；D. privilege特权；荣幸。根据“because views on overweight differ.”可知，电影《热辣滚烫》既受到批评，也受到赞扬。故选A。 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ must go to addressing immediate needs and ensuring the safety of all individuals in the community during this crisis. A．Measures B．Targets C．Functions. D．Priorities 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这场危机中，必须优先解决当前的需求，并确保社区中所有人的安全。A. Measures措施；B. Targets目标；C. Functions功能；D. Priorities优先事项。此处应指应对危机时需要采取的“措施”来解决眼前的需求和保障安全，因此Measures最符合语境。故选A。 5．（2024·天津河东·二模）At the wedding, the invited guests bear ________ to the love between the couple. A．comparison B．blame C．relation D．witness 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在婚礼上，受邀的宾客们见证了这对夫妇之间的爱情。A. comparison比较；B. blame责备；C. relation关系；D. witness见证。参加婚礼的客人通常是作为新人爱情的见证者，因此，正确答案应当与“见证”相关，witness符合这一语境，表示客人们见证了这对夫妇的爱。bear witness“见证”为固定短语。故选D。 6．（2024·天津·二模）He has a strong __________ for wearing running shoes whether it is for daily runs, casual outings or simply relaxing. A．dislike B．ambition C．concern D．preference 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他非常喜欢穿跑鞋，无论是日常跑步、休闲郊游还是单纯的放松。A. dislike厌恶；B. ambition雄心；C. concern关注，担忧；D. preference偏爱。根据后文whether it is for daily runs, casual outings or simply relaxing可知，此处表示“喜爱，偏爱”。故选D。 7．（2024·天津·二模）The CCTV show - the Chinese Poetry Competition has been popular among the audience, which is partly designed to arouse people’s ______ in Chinese poetry. A．enthusiasm B．response C．significance D．reflection 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：CCTV的节目——中国诗词大会在观众中很受欢迎，这部分是设计来激发人们对中国诗词的热情。A. enthusiasm热情；B. response反应；C. significance意义或重要性；D. reflection反映或思考。enthusiasm符合语境，表示节目旨在激发观众对中国诗词的热情。故选A项。 8．（2024·天津·二模）The car’s________ has improved a lot since a new engine has been applied to it. A．appearance B．character C．performance D．substance 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从安装了新引擎后，这辆车的性能有了很大的提高。A. appearance外表；B. character特点；C. performance性能；D. substance物质。根据下文“since a new engine has been applied to it”可知是装了新的引擎，所以应是提高了车的性能，故选C。 9．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Nature has always been a ______ of inspiration for poets and writers throughout history. A．source B．shelter C．barrier D．background 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大自然一直以来都是历史上诗人和作家的灵感源泉。A. source源泉； B. shelter庇护所；C. barrier障碍；D. background背景。根据下文“inspiration for poets and writers”可知，空处表示诗人和作家获取灵感的重要源泉，A选项符合句意。故选A。 10．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）—How can I believe you can pay the debts on time? —I’d like to offer my house as a ______. A．guarantee B．symbol C．promise D．permission 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——我怎么能相信你能按时还债呢？——我想用我的房子作担保。A.guarantee担保；B.symbol象征；C.promise承诺；D.permission准许。根据“How can I believe you can pay the debts on time?”可知，此处是指用房子作担保。故选A。 11．（2024·天津·二模）Over the years, people have learned from ants that team work and perseverance are two key _______ to success. A．contents B．ingredients C．approaches D．instructions 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，人们从蚂蚁身上学到，团队合作和毅力是成功的两个关键因素。A.contents内容；B. ingredients要素，因素；C. approaches方法；D. instructions说明书。根据句意可知，团队合作和毅力是成功的两个关键因素。故选B项。 12．（2024·天津红桥·二模）She raised her finger to her lips as a (an) ________ for silence. A．idea B．mark C．sign D．word 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把手指举到唇边示意安静。A. idea想法；B. mark记号；C. sign示意，迹象；D. word单词。根据上文“She raised her finger to her lips”可知指把手指举到唇边示意安静。故选C。 13．（2024·天津宁河·一模）When giving first aid, we should give top ________ to those in the most serious situations. A．priority B．potential C．criticism D．elements 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人。A. priority优先事项，最重要的事；B. potential潜力；C. criticism批评；D. elements元素。由“those in the most serious situations”可知，句子表示“在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人”，give priority to意为“优先考虑”。故选A。 14．（2024·天津南开·一模）First, we need to build up a detailed ______ of our customers and their requirements. A．phase B．profile C．tendency D．distribution 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我们需要建立客户及其需求的详细人物简介。A. phase阶段；B. profile人物简介；C. tendency趋势；D. distribution分配。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“人物简介”，故用profile。故选B。 15．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Reading is widely believed to be a ________ to learn more about the world. A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为阅读是一种了解世界的渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；渠道；D. background背景。根据句意可知，阅读应是人们了解世界的一个渠道。故选C项。 16．（2024·天津·一模）Besides proper amounts of practice, perseverance is also one of the key ______ of success. A．elements B．categories C．ranges D．processes 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了适当的练习，毅力也是成功的关键要素之一。A. elements要素；B. categories类别；C. ranges范围；D. processes过程。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“因素”，故用elements。故选A。 17．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare workers are at risk of getting infectious diseases because of their ________ to infected patients. A．guidance B．response C．exposure D．advantage 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医护人员由于与被感染的病人接触而有感染传染病的危险。A. guidance指导；B. response反应，回复；C. exposure接触；D.advantage优势。医疗工作人员和感染的病人是频繁接触的，并且因此面临感染的风险。故选C项。 18．（2024·天津河东·一模）We should forgive his bad temper because we know that losing his job has put him under great ______. A．emotion B．excitement C．crisis D．stress 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该原谅他的坏脾气，因为我们知道失去工作使他承受了巨大的压力。A. emotion感情；B. excitement兴奋；C. crisis危机；D. stress压力。根据“because we know that losing his job.”可知，因为失去工作，所以承受了巨大的压力。故选D。 19．（2024·天津河北·一模）China’s Belt and Road Initiative means a new ________ for trade and investment between countries, leading into a new era of prosperity. A．burden B．dawn C．chart D．survey 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国的“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资的新曙光，开启了繁荣的新时代。A. burden负担；B.  dawn黎明，开端，曙光；C. chart图表；D. survey调查。根据leading into a new era of prosperity可知，“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资迎来了新曙光。故选B。 20．（2024·天津和平·一模）Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed a(n)______ for birds, too. A．habit B．interest C．passion D．appetite 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：猫被带到岛上控制老鼠，不幸地是，猫随后也对鸟类产生了食欲。A. habit习惯；B. interest兴趣；C. passion激情；D. appetite食欲。根据句意可知，空处表示“食欲”，appetite for…为固定短语，表示“对……的胃口”，故选D项。 21．（2022·天津南开·一模）The ________ on Sarah’s face told me that she got annoyed. A．confidence B．impression C．appearance D．expression 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎拉脸上的表情告诉我她生气了。A. confidence信赖，自信；B. impression印象；C. appearance外表；D. expression表情。根据“on Sarah’s face”和“she got annoyed”可推知，expression“表情”符合题意，表示莎拉生气了这一判断是由她脸上的表情得来的。故选D。 22．（2023·天津南开·模拟预测）Healthcare workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their ______to patients. A．guidance B．assignment C．exposure D．response 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于医护人员与病人接触，他们有感染传染病的危险。A. guidance引导；B. assignment任务；C. exposure暴露，接触；D. response回复。根据“Healthcare workers ”和“patients”可知，此处表示医护人员和病人接触。故选C。 23．（2023·天津·二模）Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism but the people also rapidly feel its ________. A．benefits B．contribution C．demand D．effects 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个国家的环境不仅会受到旅游业突然增长的影响，而且人们也会迅速感受到它的影响。A. benefits利益；B. contribution贡献；C. demand需求；D. effects影响。根据上文“Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism”可知，此处指人们也会感受到这种影响，故选D项。 24．（2023·天津河西·三模）My first ______ of our English teacher was that she was too strict, but now she is a patient and kind-hearted lady in my mind. A．connection B．motivation C．permission D．impression 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对英语老师的第一印象是她太严格了，但是现在我觉得她是一个有耐心，善良的人。A. connection联系；B. motivation动力；C. permission允许；D. imoression印象。根据句意可知，此处意为“印象”，表达为impression。故选D。 25．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）Through the old soldiers’ vivid ________of the Long March, the students gained a more profound insight into the incomparable loyalty and firm belief of the Red Army. A．issue B．account C．opinion D．practice 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过老战士们对长征的生动讲述，学生们更加深刻地体会到红军无与伦比的忠诚和坚定的信念。A. issue问题；B. account讲述，描述；C. opinion观点；D. practice实践。根据后文“of the Long March”指对长征的生动讲述。故选B。 26．（2023·天津北辰·模拟预测）—Are you feeling any better, Lucy? —Yes. The medicine the doctor gave me brought ________ to my headache. A．safety B．shelter C．relief D．defense 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你感觉好些了吗，露西？——是的。医生给我的药让我的头疼缓解了。A. safety安全；B. shelter庇护所；C. relief缓解；D. defense保护。问句询问是否好些了，根据答句中的“Yes”和“my headache”可知，这里是说头疼缓解了。故选C。 27．（2023·天津·一模）Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the ________ of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. A．supply B．assistance C．quantity D．release 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：海洋和世界其他地方一样，受到化石燃料燃烧和二氧化碳等温室气体释放的影响。A. supply供应；B. assistance帮助；C. quantity数量；D. release释放。根据后文“of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide”指温室气体释放，应用release。故选D。 28．（2023·天津河北·二模）Her enthusiasm and ________to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas. A．judgement B．commitment C．competition D．evolution 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的七年中，她对学生的热情和承诺使学校在许多领域处于领先地位。A. judgement判断；B. commitment献身，承诺；C. competition比赛；D. evolution进化。根据下文“to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.”可知，此处表示对学生的承诺，固定搭配：commitment to“恪守承诺”。故选B。 29．（2023·天津南开·二模）As companies are trying hard to attract and keep young people for their technical skills and enthusiasm for change, office culture is becoming an ________ of youth culture. A．expansion B．extension C．expression D．exhibition 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于各公司都在努力吸引和留住具有技术能力和变革热情的年轻人，办公室文化正在成为青年文化的延伸。A. expansion扩大；B. extension延伸；C. expression表达；D. exhibition展览。根据空后“of youth culture”及常识可知，此处指办公室文化正在成为青年文化的延伸。故选B。 30．（2023·天津和平·二模）Students are encouraged to speak and improve their English with the ________ of teachers who will always use English with them and give them help. A．absence B．strength C．defence D．presence 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们鼓励学生在老师在场的时候说英语，提高英语水平，老师会经常和他们一起使用英语并给予他们帮助。A. absence缺席；B. strength体力；C. defence防御；D. presence在场，出席。根据句意，表示“在场”用介词短语with the presence of (sb.)，意为“(有某人)在场”。故选D项。 31．（2023·天津河东·二模）It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East. What’s your ________ of the situation there? A．assessment B．adjustment C．appointment D．assistance 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据报道在中东爆发了很多的战争。你对那里的形势有什么评价？A. assessment评估，评价；B. adjustment调整；C. appointment 约会，约定；D. assistance援助；帮助。根据“It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East.”可知，这里是问对方对中东形势的评估。故选A。 32．（2023·天津红桥·一模）Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the ________ of their goals and ambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes. A．procedure B．pursuit C．preference D．progress 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功属于那些在追求目标和抱负的过程中愿意冒犯错误的风险，并且能够从这些错误中吸取教训的人。A. procedure程序；B. pursuit追求；C. preference偏爱；D. progress进步。根据后文“of their goals and ambitions”指追求目标和抱负。故选B。 33．（2023·天津南开·一模）At that time we had to make the________ that the disease was spreading and take action to stop it. A．arrangement B．appointment C．assumption D．assistance 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我们必须假设这种疾病正在传播，并采取行动阻止它。A. arrangement安排；B. appointment约会；C. assumption假设；D. assistance帮助。结合句意，that引导的同位从句是抽象名词assumption的具体内容。故选C项。 34．（2023·天津·一模）When coming across a word you don’t know, you can try to guess the meaning of the word from the ______. A．context B．access C．creativity D．approach 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇到不认识的单词时，你可以试着根据上下文猜单词的意思。A. context上下文；B. access通道，机会；C. creativity创造力；D. approach方式，方法。根据前文“guess the meaning of the word”可知，此处指“根据上下文猜单词意思”。故选A项。 35．（2023·天津河东·一模）The TV series Flight to You has received a lot of positive________ from the audience. A．reviews B．previews C．revisions D．proposals 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：电视剧《向风而行》获得了很多观众的好评。A. reviews评论；B. previews预演；C. revisions修订；D. proposals提议。结合下文“from the audience”可知，此次是指得到了观众的好评。故选A。 36．（2023·天津和平·一模）Having the courage to be disliked does not mean that you can use your weaknesses as an ________ for not improving yourself. A．capacity B．excuse C．passion D．demand 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词。句意：有不被人喜欢的勇气，并不意味着你可以把自己的弱点作为不提高自己的借口。A. capacity能力；B. excuse借口；C. passion热情；D. demand命令。结合句意可知，能接受自己不被人喜欢并不能作为借口。故选B项。 37．（2022·天津南开·一模）These biological discoveries all help us understand the ________ for life on our planet, even in the most extreme circumstances. A．component B．coverage C．capacity D．comprehension 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些生物学上的发现都有助于我们了解地球上生命的存在能力，即使是在最极端的环境下。A. component成分；B. coverage报道；C. capacity能力；D. comprehension理解。由“even in the most extreme circumstances”可知，句子表示“这些生物学上的发现都有助于我们了解地球上生命的存在能力，即使是在最极端的环境下”，空格处意为“能力”。故选C。 38．（2022·天津南开·三模）Because of long-time ________ from other continents, Australia owns its special animals. A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚拥有自己的特殊动物。A. separation分离；B. division分开；C. movement运动；D. connection关系。根据“Australia owns its special animals”可知，此处是指澳大利亚与其他大陆分离（才会产生自己的特殊动物），用separation与介词from搭配符合题意。故选A。 39．（2022·天津南开·二模）The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist. A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：山谷笼罩着一层浓雾。A. piece张，片；B. bar块，棒；C. bunch束，串；D. blanket厚层。由“heavy mist”可知，句子表示“山谷笼罩着一层浓雾”，空格处意为“厚层；覆盖层”，故选D。 40．（2022·天津·二模）People have difficulty accepting that their pictures were webcast live to millions of viewers, ______ the fact that some of them were not so graceful. A．no doubt B．no denying C．nothing like D．not to mention 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：人们很难接受他们的照片被网络直播给数百万观众，更不用说它们中的一些并不那么优雅。A. no doubt毫无疑问；B. no denying不可否认；C. nothing like不像；D. not to mention更不用说。结合句意可知，此处指“人们很难接受照片被直播给别人看，就更不用说其中一些照片并不那么优雅”，not to mention符合语境。故选D。 41．（2022·天津·二模）The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA． A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名男子负责许多研究和发现工作，这些工作导致了对DNA结构的理解。A. discovery发现；B. production生产；C. creation创造；D. contribution贡献。根据上文“research”可知，此处是指研究和发现工作，名词作定语。故选A。 42．（2022·天津和平·三模）He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books. A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向父母明确表示，他进城的目的是去图书馆借书。A. service服务；B. intention目的；C. doubt怀疑；D. brief指示，摘要。根据“visiting the library and borrowing some books”可知，此处是指进城的目的，intention符合题意，with the intension of“抱有……的目的”。故选B。 43．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite. A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感，重新制作菜肴，以满足年轻人的胃口。A. purpose目的；B. potential潜能；C. virtue美德；D. inspiration灵感。根据“and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.”可知，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感来制作菜肴。故选D。 44．（2022·天津河西·二模）There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest. A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，你的疲劳是由于巨大的压力和睡眠不足造成的；你需要好好休息。A. assumption假设，假定；B. consequence结果，后果；C. consumption消耗；D. convenience方便。分析句意可知，你疲劳是压力大和睡眠不足的结果。故选B项。 45．（2022·天津河北·二模）The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place. A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该俱乐部目前正计划进行几次扩建，以满足在安静的地方寻求娱乐和休闲的高尔夫球手。A. dimensions维度；B. inspirations启发；C. competitions竞赛；D. expansions扩建。根据“to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.”可知，为了让高尔夫球手可以在安静地方寻求娱乐，俱乐部需要进行扩建。故选D。 46．（2022·天津红桥·二模）Nowadays the _________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的优先考虑的事情从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；最重要的事情；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. preference偏爱；D. prejudice偏见。结合句意可知表示“优先考虑的事情”。故选A项。 47．（2022·天津宁河·二模）When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching_______, a specific program to address academic needs. A．comparison B．accumulation C．intervention D．conservation 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，这是一个针对学业需求的特定项目。A. comparison对比；B. accumulation积累；C. intervention干预；D. conservation保护。由“When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math”可知，句子表示“当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预”，空格处意为“干预”，故选C。 48．（2022·天津和平·一模）Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this ______ out of the long-existing discrimination. A．concept B．assessment C．identity D．personality 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：男护士很难被雇佣到是因为许多男性出于长期存在的歧视而抵制这个身份。A. concept观念；B. assessment评估，评价；C. identity身份；D. personality个性，品格。根据空前“Male nurses are difficult to hire”及空后“out of the long-existing discrimination”可知，很多男性抵制男护士这个身份。故选C项。 49．（2022·天津河西·一模）To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel ________. A．consumption B．collection C．commitment D．distribution 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption消耗；B. collection收藏品；C. commitment承诺；D. distribution分配。根据上文“To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。故选A。 50．（2022·天津和平·一模）We’ve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ________. A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直，专业能力强。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知，Smith博士专业能力强。故选C项。 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District, which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems. A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在湖区长大，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。A. discovery发现；B. form形式；C. source来源，源泉；D. symbol象征。由下文“of inspiration for his poems.”可知，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。故选C。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first. A．focus B．target C．function D．trick 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个瓶子很难打开；诀窍是先把热水倒在上面。A. focus焦点；B. target目标；C. function功能；D. trick诀窍。由“pour hot water on it first”可知，空格处应表达“诀窍”，故用trick，作主语。故选D。 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating. A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________. A．system B．method C．investment D．environment 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science. A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers. A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。 7．（2019·天津·高考真题）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways. A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）People believe writing poems provides a ________ through which they can express their feelings. A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；D. background背景。故C选项正确。 9．（2018·天津·高考真题）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A．advice B．order C．possibility D．invitation 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。 点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。 10．（2018·天津·高考真题）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on? A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延，拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗?A. loss丢失；B. heat热量；C. spread蔓延；D. defence 防御。由“the world’s deserts and save the land”可知，spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。 11．（2017·天津·高考真题）The newspaper gave an accurate ________ of what happened the night before last. A．example B．display C．signal D．account 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：报纸对前天晚上发生的事作了准确的报道。A. example例子；B. display展示；C. signal信号；D. account账户，解释。根据后文“of what happened the night before last”可知指报纸对前天晚上发生的事做了准确的解释报道，应用account。故选D。 12．（2016·天津·高考真题）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight. A．effect B．sense C．change D．chance 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。 13．（2014·天津·高考真题）Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power. A．source B．sense C．result D．root 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。A. source 资源；B. sense感觉，意识；C. result结果；D. root根源。根据空后of power及语境可知，此处指电力资源。故选A。 14．（2013·天津·高考真题）While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art. A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在巴黎期间，培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。A.way方法，道路；B. relation关系；C. taste品尝，鉴赏力；D. habit习惯。develop a taste for“培养对……的鉴赏力”。故选C。 15．（2012·天津·高考真题）You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：你工作太认真了，你最好在工作和放松之间保持平衡。A.promise诺言；B.lead领先；C.balance平衡；D.diary日记。keep a balance 保持平衡；结合句意可知C正确。 16．（2010·天津·高考真题）James took the magazines off the little table to make _______for the television. A．room B．area C．field D．position 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下来，给电视机腾出地方。A. room房间，空间；B. area地区；C. field田野，领域；D. position位置。根据语境可知，此处是固定短语make room for表示“给……让出空/地方”。故选A。 17．（2009·天津·高考真题）I’m trying to break the ________ of getting up too late. A．tradition B．convenience C．habit D．leisure 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在努力改掉起床晚的习惯。由关键词getting up too late“起的晚”和“习惯”搭配合适，意思是“晚起的习惯”；A. tradition传统；B. convenience方便，便利；C. habit习惯；D. leisure休闲，空闲。故选C。 18．（2008·天津·高考真题）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil. A．fuels B．articles C．goods D．products 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数空气污染是由煤、天然气和石油等燃料的燃烧引起的。A. fuels燃料；B. articles文章；C. goods货物；D. products产品。根据后文“like coal, gas and oil”指燃料燃烧导致空气污染，故选A。 19．（2007·天津·高考真题）One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________. A．bills B．expenses C．prices D．charges 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：每月1000美元虽不是富裕，但将帮我们支付生活费用。A. bills账单； B. expenses费用，开支；C. prices价格；D. charges费用，手续费，运费。根据句意故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$