2024年中考英语语法专题：现在完成时&区分一般过去时&专题训练

中考英语语法专题:现在完成时&区分一般过去时&专题训练 目录: 一。概念 2. 构成 3. 常见标志词 4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(3个方面) 5. 现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换。 6. 专题训练 一.概念:现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。 二.构成是“have/has + 过去分词” 当主语是第三人称单数时用“has + 过去分词”,例如:“He has gone to Beijing.” 其他人称用“have + 过去分词”,比如:“We have visited the museum.” 三.现在完成时常见的标志词有: already(已经,用于肯定句) “I have already finished my homework.” yet(还,尚未,用于疑问句和否定句) “Have you finished your homework yet?” “I haven't finished it yet.” just(刚刚) “He has just come back.” ever(曾经) “Have you ever been to Shanghai?” never(从不) “I have never seen such a beautiful place.” for + 时间段 “I have lived here for five years.” since + 时间点 “She has known him since 2010.” 在中考中,常考查的点包括: 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 一般过去时只强调过去的动作,和现在没有关系;而现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响。例如:“I saw the film last week.”(一般过去时,只说明上周看了电影这个过去的动作) “I have seen the film.” (现在完成时,强调看过这部电影的经历对现在的影响) 中考英语中,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别主要体现在以下几个方面: 1. 时间侧重点不同: 一般过去时侧重于过去某个具体的时间点发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有直接联系。例如:“I went to Beijing last year.” 这里只是在陈述去年去北京这个过去的动作。 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者过去的动作一直持续到现在。比如:“I have been to Beijing.” 这句话意味着去北京的经历对现在有某种影响,也许是增加了见识、有了相关的回忆等。 2. 时间状语不同: 一般过去时常与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, two days ago 等。例如:“He played football yesterday.” 现在完成时常与 already, yet, just, ever, never, for + 时间段, since + 时间点等连用。比如:“I have lived here for three years.” “Have you finished your homework yet?” 3. 动作的持续性: 一般过去时的动作通常是瞬间完成的,不强调动作的持续性。像:“She bought a new dress.” 买这个动作瞬间就完成了。 现在完成时如果与 for + 时间段, since + 时间点连用,则强调动作的持续性。例如:“He has learned English for five years.” 表示学习英语这个动作持续了五年。 下面通过一些例子来更直观地感受它们的区别: “I saw the movie last night.” (一般过去时,只是说昨晚看了电影,不涉及对现在的影响) “I have seen the movie. It's very interesting.” (现在完成时,强调看过这个电影的经历对现在有影响,比如可以谈论对电影的感受) “He left here two hours ago.” (一般过去时,只表明他两小时前离开的这个过去动作) “He has been away for two hours.” (现在完成时,强调离开的状态持续了两小时) 5. 现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换。非延续性动词不能和 for、since 引导的时间段连用,要转换成相应的延续性动词。例如:“borrow - keep” “buy - have” “die - be dead” “leave - be away” 如:“I have bought the book for two days.”(错误,buy 是非延续性动词)应改为:“I have had the book for two days.” 初中语法【现在完成时】的专题训练: 一、选择题 1.I _ this book for two weeks. I must return it to the library. A. have borrowed B. have kept C. have lent D. borrowed 2.—Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes. I _ there last year. A. went B. have gone C. have been D. was 3.His father _ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 4.—How long have you _ here? —For two years. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 5.She _ the Great Wall several times. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 6.—_ you _ your homework yet? —Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 7.His grandpa _ for two years. A. has died B. has been dead C. was dead D. died 8.—I'm sorry to keep you waiting. —Oh, not at all. I _ here for only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 9.The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn't begun D. began 10.Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. won't go; saw B. won't go; has seen C. didn't go; sees D. didn't go; has seen 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I _ (finish) my homework already. 2.He _ (not come) yet. 3.They _ (be) in China for three years. 4.We _ (know) each other since we were children. 5.She _ (teach) English for ten years. 6.The train _ (leave). It left half an hour ago. 7.How long _ you _ (study) English? 8.The man _ (be) dead for two years. 9.I _ (not see) him for a long time. 10.He _ (buy) a new car last month. But he _ (sell) it already. 三、句型转换 1.They have known each other for five years. (改为一般疑问句) _ they _ each other for five years? 2.He has lived in Beijing since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _ has he lived in Beijing? 3.She has already finished her homework. (改为否定句) She _ finished her homework _. 4. have been to Shanghai twice. (对划线部分提问) _ _ times have you been to Shanghai? 5.He came here two years ago. (改为现在完成时) He _ _ here for two years. 四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.I _ (visit) the Great Wall yesterday. 2.I _ (visit) the Great Wall before. 选择填空。 1.He _ (write) a letter to his friend last night. A. has written B. wrote C. was writing 2.They _ (finish) their work. They can go home now. A. have finished B. finished C. finish 五、现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换 把下列句子中的非延续性动词改为延续性动词。 1.The film began five minutes ago. The film _ _ for five minutes. 2.He left Shanghai two days ago. He _ _ _ from Shanghai for two days. 选择填空。 1.How long can I _ this book? A. borrow B. keep C. lend 2.Tom _ the library. He will be back in two hours. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in 一、选择题 B A D A B B B A A B 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 have finished hasn't come have been have known has taught has left have; studied has been haven't seen bought; has sold 三、句型转换 Have; known How long hasn't; yet How many has been 四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 visited; have visited B; A 五、现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换 has been on; has been away B; A 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$