北京市第十一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

2023北京十一中高二10月月考 英 语 （总分100分，考试时间 90分钟） 一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 读下面面短文、掌握其大意，从每个所给的选项中，选出最佳选项。 There are a lot of homeless people in the world. But _______ (1) there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out. One lady in particular, Karine Gombeau from Paris, France, is one of these people. Combeal, 42 years old, was on vacation with her husband and their 15-year-old son in New York. They were near Grand Central Station in Manhattan when she ________ (2) man, wearing a ski cap, digging _______(3) the garbage. What was he doing? He was looking for his next _______ (4). Being the kind-hearted person she is, she decided to help this man out. She had just finished cutting pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man. She even _______ (5) for the pizza being cold. She went on with her life thinking that _______ (6) was out of the ordinary until a couple of days later, at her hotel, a lady came running up to her with a newspaper. Gombeau was very _______ (7) to see her picture in it along with a story. She suddenly _______ (8) that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor. Oddly enough, he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station when she ________ (9) got involved. However, the actor didn't even break character, saying "thank you" when Gombeau gave him the pizza. That was why she thought he was a homeless person! Gombeau said that her ________ (10) to give the poor man the pizza was because she was sad to see so many homeless people living on the streets of New York. 1.A. normally B. gradually C. naturally D. luckily 2. A. spotted B. recognized C. remembered D. stopped 3. A. around B. for C. through D. over 4. A. cap B. meal C. bottle D. newspaper 5. A. answered B. apologized C. joked D. complained 6. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything 7. A surprised B. delighted C. satisfied D. disappointed 8. A admitted B. claimed C. explained D. realized 9. A. mysteriously B. secretly C. mistakenly D. proudly 10. A. courage B. decision C. opportunity D. promise 二、语法填空（共 10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提不间的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式項空。 A Sharon Brown _______11(win) a Women in Innovation award in 2021 for her work in developing a blood test that can help to identify Gander quicker and more accurately. The award was given by an organization Which_______12(call) Innovate UK for International Women's Day celebrations. Sharon is one of 38 women from the UK to have received the award. The award aims ________13 (support) brilliant women to fully realize their dreams and change the world in future. B I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day, ______14 nearly drives me mad. The airport was built years ago, _______15 for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house ________16 (knock) down one day. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. C Captain Ben Faweet has bought an unusual taxi -- a small Swiss areophane. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it is that it can land anywhere. Captain Faweett's first passenger was a doctor _________17 flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the mountains. Since then, Fawceut _______18 (fly) passengers to many unusual places. Recently, Captain Fawcet has just refused a strange request _______19 a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, but Captain Fawcett did not take him __________20 the trip was too dangerous. 三、阅读理解（共两部分，共38分） （一）阅读选择（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） A Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for helping others? Are you looking for a solid war experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Associate (JPA) program. The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges --- and rewards - - of international development. In your JPA assignment, you'll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty. What are we looking for? You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment etc. A bachelor's (学士) degree is the minimum. You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and apply it in your work. What are we offering you? We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in an extraordinary development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to hand in academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank's offices across the world. How to apply? Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. If you are still interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply. 21. The JPA program helps the young ______________________. A. graduate with high honors B. get entry-level work experience C. find solid and well-paid jobs D. challenge their senior workmates 22. What is necessary to be qualified for the JPA program? A. Fluency in English and Latin. B. Outstanding technology skills, C. Having a master's degree. D. Age 28 or under. 23. What will the World Bank offer? A. Positions in applicants' hometowns, B. Interviews with general managers. C. A two-year contract with welfare. D. Analytical and research skills training. B With the drugs that she created. Getrade Elion achieved her life's mission: to relieving human suffering. Beyond the individual drugs she discovered, she pioneered a now, more scientific approach to drug development that forever changed medical research. When she was 15, Elion's grandfather died fromcancer painfully. The experience decided her career path. At age 19, with a degree in chemistry, she looked for work. She took jobs as a secretary, a chemistry teacher, and an unpaid worker in a lab. Finally, in 1944, Elion found the job of her dreams, assisting George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, a drug company. Hitchings and Elion gave up the traditional trial-and-error approach to drug development, in favor of a scientific approach. Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt （扰乱） their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease. Elion's first major discovery was a substance that disrupts the formation of leukaemia cells. But the effect failed to last long. Elion determined to find a way to make the effects of her drug last longer. Elion's final major breakthrough was in the development of the drug acyclovir. Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body. However, through tireless efforts, the drug Elion's team developed could be used to fight many diseases. Elion's name appears on 45 patents for life-saving and life-changing drugs. Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn't for one particular drug--it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development. As a result, although she died in 1999 at the age of 81, Gertrude Elion is still saving lives. 24. What inspired Blion to go into medical research? A. Her grandfather's death. B. Her teaching experience. C. A drug company's influence. D. George Hitching's encouragement. 25. What was the key to stopping disease according to Elion A. Finding a poisonous substance to kill viruses. B. Quickening the speed of growth of all cells. C. Preventing the formation of bacteria. D. Removing tissues attacked by bacteria. 26. What did other scientists think of the drug acyclovir at first? A. It should be put into use immediately. B. It might be harmful to human bodies. C. It could only have short-term effects. D. It could be used to fight many diseases 27. Why did Elion win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A. She pioneered a new way of developing drugs. B. She discovered a life-saving drug. C. She obtained 45 patents. D. She adopted a trial-and-error approach in medical research C The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name. "Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo (胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce," said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop. " Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it's not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people," said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. "In that way, it's a robot, but it's also clearly an organism made from frog cells." The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used "kinetic replication" -a process that is known to occur at the molecular (分子) level. With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells（干细胞）, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots. "The AI didn't program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape," Bongard said. "The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process." The xenobots are very early technology think of a 1940s computer- and don't yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. "There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems," Bongard said. 28. According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of A. its material B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its function 29. What can we learn about xenobots from the passage? A. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively. B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots. C. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs. D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s. 30. What is the author's attitude towards future applications of xenobots? A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead? B. Are xenobots the future of artificial intelligence? 生物分子和人工智能相结合 C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce D The constant rise of global demand for protein poses a threat of meat shortage in the agricultural sector. To address this, a few scientists use artificial meat as an alternative to traditional ones, which from the growing process to its benefits proves it does no harm or even it does good to us. Currently, one of the most advanced techniques to grow meat in the lab involves taking cells from an animal and changing them to muscle cells. The cells are then cultured with nutrients and essential vitamins and can be developed to any quantity and then shaped into hamburgers, steaks or mince, and so it is also called "cultured" meat. "Cultured meat is not genetically engineered," Dr. Mark Post of Maastricht University says. "It is meat grown from the same cells that produce the meat in the cow, but this time outside the cow." He believes that cultured meat shouldn't be any better or worse for you than old-school animal flesh. This may sound like science fiction, but it is not such a strange idea and there are reasons to be excited about it. The environment impacts of cultured meat could be lower than those of meat produced in the conventional way," said Hanna Tuomisto, a researcher at Oxford University. The process would require between 7% and 45% less energy than the same volume of conventionally produced meat such as pork, beef or lamb, and could be engineered to use only 1% of the land and 4% of the water associated with conventional meat. Tuomisto's research also shows that cultured meat could be part of the solution to feeding the world's growing population, at the same time cutting emissions (排放) and saving both energy and water. Aside from the above benefits, cultured meat should also provide cheap nutrition. Animal protein is an increasing part of diets, as millions of people in rapidly emerging economies are drawn out of poverty and become able to afford more meat in their diets. The pressure this creates has been an important factor in rapidly rising grain prices, deforestation in the Amazon basin, increasing water shortage and rising pressure to find new farmland. Growing meat artificially could potentially take huge pressure off farmlands around the world. Another benefit would be to help animal welfare and protect endangered species. If most of our meat was grown, there would be no need for factory farms. Conditions for animals could be greatly improved. Elsewhere, it could also stop illegal endangered species hunts by providing an alternative way to produce meat form these species. Exactly how long it takes before the meat is sold in supermarkets depends on the investment in research and development. One thing seems clear: Unless vegetarianism catches on in a very big way, the world's demand for meat will soon outpace our supply of cows, chickens, pigs and other edible animals. The health and environmental impacts of cultured meat aren't going to be hypothetical (假设的) for much longer. 32. What does the underlined word "cultured" probably mean? A. grown. B. sorted. C. connected. D. shaped. 33. Compared with traditional meat, the artificial meat ____________. A. tastes much better B. contains more nutrients C. saves more natural resources D. changes people’s habit of eating meat 34. The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his argument mainly by. A. comparing the results from different researches B. showing the current situation of food consumption C. presenting the problems caused by meat shortage D. explaining the advantages of the artificial meat 【二】阅读还原（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文肉容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空自处的最佳选项。 Farms of the Future Skyscrapers (摩大大楼)are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth's population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. _________ 35 Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. ________36 Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. _________37 These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year found. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insets would be minimal. 38_________ They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn't be enough. The plants closest to the windows would stow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the Windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 39 __________ They would need additional light sources. Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet's need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms. B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops. C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. D. For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms. E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities. F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances. G. They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up. 四、选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） consumption shortage reality objective remarkable 1. After overcoming numerous difficulties, she turned her dream into__________. 2. Seeing farmers often had a serious food ________ Yuan Longing decided to study agriculture. 3. The team planned a project with the __________of boosting rice output. 4. Gas and oil __________________ always increases in cold weather. 5. She was awarded the prize for her _____________ achievement. 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 conclude gradual commit equality convince 1. Tu Youyou is a/an_______ and patient scientist. 2. We haven’t drawn a /an _________ until the meeting ended. 3. His speech was so _________ that almost all the students agreed to his viewpoint. 4. It is estimated that ________ between countries will be worse in this technology age. 5. Following this _______, he became famous throughout the world. 五、书面表达（共2节，32分） 第一节 阅读回答问题(共 4 小題；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53 题5分，共12分) Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while Keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today's modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What's more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourself The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good manners No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you're speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questions When you don't understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 50. What is cultural competence according to the passage? 51. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment? 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. • To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don't understand others' behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. 53. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other ways) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words) 六、写作《共20分》(原创) 假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华。你校英文网站正在华办主题为 “Heroes in your eyes’ 的英文征文活动。请给 你班英国交换生 Jim 与一封信，肉容包括： 1. 介绍活动； 2. 邀请参加。 注意： 1. 词数 100左石； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$