Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Welcome Unit Discovering useful structures 一、秒懂英语句子成分 (1) I saw a dog. 我看见了一只小狗 主语:一个句子所叙述的主体。一般由名词、代词等来充当，常位于句首，谓语动词之前。 谓语:说明主语的行为或所处的状态。一般由动词或动词短语来充当，常位于主语后。 宾语:动作的承受者或动作的结果。一般由名词、代词、动词不定式等充当，常位于及物动词或介词后。 主语 谓语 宾语 (2) I saw a cute dog. 我看见了一直可爱的小狗 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词。一般由形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语、从句等充当。 (3) I saw a cute dog running in the park. 宾语补足语:说明宾语的身份、动作、特征和状态。一般由名词、形容词、分词等充当，常跟在宾语之后。 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子等。一般由副词、分词、从句等充当。 定语 宾补 状语 (4) My best friend, Sarah, is coming to visit next week. 我最好的朋友萨拉下周要来拜访我。 同位语:解释或补充说明前面的名词或代词的情况。一般由名词、代词、从句等充当，常跟在要解释或补充说明的名词或代词后。 同位语 (5) My father bought me a new bike. 我父亲给我买个新自行车 直接宾语:谓语动词的直接对象，动作的直接承受者。 间接宾语:谓语动词的间接对象，表示动作为谁做、对谁做。一般位于直接宾语之前，但可以用介词to ，for将间接宾语移到 (6) My father bought a new bike for me. 我父亲给我买个新自行车 间接宾语 主语 谓语 直接宾语 (7) That girl ismy sister. 表语:说明主语的特征、状态、身份、类属等。一般由名词、形容词、动词不定式、介 主语 系表结构 总结一下，一共多少种句子 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语 同位语 二、简单句的基本句型 1. 主谓结构(S+V) (1) 句子结构:主语+不及物动词 e.g. The baby cried.婴儿哭了。 (2) 常见的不及物动词: look 看 appear 出现go去 come来 fly飞 run 跑 smile 微 fall 跌落 work 工作 listen 听 stand 站立 arrive 到达 2.主谓宾结构(S+V+0) (1) 句子结构:主语+及物动词+宾语 e.g. I like apples.我喜欢苹果。 (2) ②常见的跟单宾语的及物动词: worry 担心 enjoy 享受 love 热爱 like 喜欢 take 拿走 set放 find 发现 use 使用 3.主系表结构( S +LV+P)) (1) 句子结构:主语+系动词+表语 e.g. He looks sad.他看起来很伤心。 (2) 常见的系动词: be 是 become 变得 keep 保持 remain 保持 seem 看起来look 看起来 feel 摸起来 taste尝起来 smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 grow 逐渐变得 get变得 4.主谓双宾结构(S +V+IO+DO) (1) 句子结构:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 e.g. She gave me sweets.她给了我糖果。 (2) 直接宾语和间接宾语 ①直接宾语:谓语动词的直接对象，动作的直接承受者。 e.g. She gave me sweets. 她给了我糖果。 ②间接宾语:谓语动词的间接对象，表示动作为谁做、对谁做。一般位于直接宾语之前，但可以用介词to ，for将间接宾语移到直接宾语之后。 e.g. She gave me sweets. = She gave sweets to me. 她给了我糖果。 (3) 常见的跟双宾语的及物动词 ①可直接跟双宾语的及物动词 ask询问 answer 回答 cost花费 wish祝愿 e.g. She asked the students their names. 她问了学生们的姓名。 The meal cost us about £40. 这顿饭花了我们约40英镑。 ②可用介词 to 引导双宾语的动词，即“及物动词+ sth. to sb.”。 give 给 offer 提供 tell 告诉 show展示 e.g.She showed her students the technique. 她向学生演示了那个技巧。 She showed the technique to her students. 她向学生演示了那个技巧。 ③可用介词 for引导双宾语的动词，即“及物动词+sth.for sb.”。 buy买 choose 选择 prepare 准备 make制作 The college prepares students for a career in business. 这个学院是培养商务人才的。 This site has been chosen for the new school. 这块场地已被选作新学校的校址。 5.主谓宾宾补结构(S+V +0 +0C) (1) 句子结构:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 e.g. He made me angry.他惹我生气了。 (2) 常见的宾语补足语 ① 名词作宾语补足语:表示宾语的类属、身份或特征。 e.g. They named their son Tom. 他们给儿子取名为汤姆。 ②形容词作宾语补足语:表示谓语动词的结果或宾语的状态。 e.g. I prefer my tea strong.我更喜欢喝浓茶。 ③分词作宾语补足语:现在分词表示宾语是动作的执行者，过去分词表示宾语是动作的承受者。 e.g. I felt the house shaking. 我觉得房子在晃动。 I want this done at once. 我想要这件事立刻完成。 6. 双宾结构和宾宾补结构的区别 双宾结构中，直接宾语和间接宾语不存在逻辑上的主谓关系; 而宾宾补结构中，宾语补足语可以和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 She gave me sweets. I felt the house shaking. 简单句的基本句型练习 一、单项选择 （1）“The boys laughed happily.”中，画线部分的句子成分是____。 A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 （2）“The girl is nice and kind.”中，画线部分的句子成分是____。 A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 （3）Which part of the sentence "Tom rides his bike to school every day." is the predicate(谓语)? A. Tom B.rides C. his bike D. every day 参考答案：BAB (4) The sentence structure of "lce cream tastes nice." is_____. A.主语+谓语(S+V) B.主语+系动词+表语(S +LV+P) C.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) D.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S +V +I0 +DO) (5) What is the sentence pattern of the sentence "He cried."? A.主语+谓语(S+V) B.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) C.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+OC) D.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S + V +10 + DO) 参考答案：BA (6) What is the sentence pattern of the sentence "I found him interesting."? A.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+0) B.主语+谓语(S+V) C.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O +OC) D.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾( S + V +IO + DO) (7) Which sentence has the same structure as "I saw some kids kicking the ball."? A. I always find English easy and useful. B. I am feeling much better than yesterday. C. I bought my father a scarf for his birthday. D. I saw a lot of foreigners the day before yesterday. 参考答案：CA (8). What is the sentence pattern of "I love English."? A.S+V B.S +V +O C.S +V+P D.S+V+O+OC (9) . The sentence pattern of "I enjoy living in Gansu." is___. A.S +V+O B.S +V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S + V+DO +OC (10) . Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "Susan walks to school every day."? A."Susan" B. "walks to" C. "school" D. "every day" 参考答案：BAB 二、连词成句 (11) short has hair She (.) _______________________________________ (12) gave teacher My me hope (.) _________________________________________ (13) buys Mr White many at the store watches (.) ____________________________________________ She has short hair. My teacher gave me hope. Mr White buys many watches at the store. (14) question yesterday a me asked Tom funny (.) ______________________________________________________ (15) him Jack's mother as his birthday present yesterday a new book bought (.) ______________________________________________________ Tom asked me a funny question yesterday. Jack’s mother bought him a new book as his birthday present yesterday, 三、选词并用适当形式填空 Tony and Bill are(16)___________. They are in the same school, but they are in different classes. Their favourite(17)_________is Chinese. They(18)____________ Chinese is very interesting. careful they student subject do think students subject think They go to school on weekdays. They leave home at 7:00 in the morning. Today is Tuesday. Tony and Bill are in their own classrooms. Tony is having an English class. Look! He is talking to his English teacher in English. Bill is having a Chinese class. His teacher is talking with (19)___________about Beijing Opera. In Tony's and Bill's classrooms, most of the students are looking at their teachers. They are listening (20)_________. But one of Tony's classmates is reading a book, because he isn't good at English and he(21)_________like English. them carefully doesn’t Analyse basic sentence structures S (subject) V (verb) O(object) P (predicative) A (adverbial) DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) OC(object complement) sentence structures:句子结构 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 表语 直接宾语 间接宾语 宾补 1. Study the sentence structures. 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 二级 三级 四级 五级 主谓 主谓宾 主系表 主谓双宾 主谓宾宾补 主谓状 主谓宾状 There be句型 2 Read the sentences and analyse the structures. EXAMPLE: We laughed. 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. 2. We must act. 3. The maths homework looks easy. s v s v A s v s p 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. S V O OC S V IO DO S P 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. There be... S V O A 3. Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences. How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There's always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! (1) that dream has come true! (2) Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! (3)They also learn about ships and the sea. S V S P S V O (4). Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. (5). There's always something exciting to do. (6). Studying and doing homework seem much more fun S IO O A V V DO A There be... S P $$