Unit 1 People of Achievement Discover Useful Structures 非限制性定语从句 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of Achievement Discover useful structures 1 语法精讲 一、非限制性定语从句中的关系词 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有: 关系代词 which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词 when, where, why等 关系词在从句中所作成分的比较: 成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 关系代词 √ √ √ √ × 关系副词 × × × × √ In rural areas, where/in which ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a life-saving role. 在农村,救护车要花相对长的时间到达,电话亭就承担了救命的角色。 Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那里学了很多东西。 The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌子上的书是我们的奖品,书的封皮很亮。 I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。 注意： (1)whose作定语,先行词是人时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of whom”;先行词是物时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of which”。 (2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。when/where可以用“介词+which”来代替。 (3)非限制性定语从句表原因时,不用 why 引导,而用 for which代替 why。 单句写作 1.在这场活动中,一些在过去很著名的演员却未到场。 At the event, some famous actors were absent, ________ ________ ________ ________in the past.  2.学校附近住着一位老人,他的儿子在国外工作。 There lives an old man near the school, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.  who had been popular whose son is working abroad　 3.在旅游期间,你可以见到形形色色的人,和他们结交新朋友。 During traveling,y ou can meet various people, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _______.  4.上周五我们去了农场,帮助农民们采摘西瓜。 Last Friday we went to the farm, ________ ________ ________ ________ to pick watermelons.  5.这个年轻人新交了一个朋友,他想给她留下印象。 The young man had a new friend, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.  with whom you can make new friends where we helped farmers whom he wanted to impress 二、关系代词as和which 关系代词as和which既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语。 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 正如,就像 这(一点),那(一点) As is reported in the papers, our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite.报纸上报道,我们国家又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 (as 指代主句内容,位于句首) The singer, as was expected, achieved great success. 正如所预料的那样,这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。(as 指代主句内容,位于句中,用逗号隔开) These three books were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. 这三本书被当作礼物给了我,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。 (which 指代主句内容,位于句末) 注意: as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构: 用适当的关系词填空 1.The weather turned out to be very fine,　　　　　 was more than we could expect.  2.　　　 has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.  3.He failed in the driving test,　　　　　 we had expected.  which As as 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 “介词+关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+which”有时还可以与关系副词where, when, why等互换;“介词+whom/whose”在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系词可替代。 We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work. 我们缺少两个人,没有他们,我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。 一句多译 1.她说不出她缺席会议的原因。 →She couldn’t give us the reason 　　　　she was absent from the meeting.  →She couldn’t give us the reason,　　　　　 　　　　　she was absent from the meeting.  2.他拒绝邀请的理由还不清楚。 →The reason 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　the invitation is not clear.  →The reason 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 the invitation is not clear.  why for which for which he refused why he refused 3.我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。 →Great changes have taken place in the city 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　.  →Great changes have taken place in the city 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　.  in which I was born where I was born 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 作用 修饰限制(只可修饰先行词) 补充说明(可修饰先行词或主句) 意义 去掉后,句意不完整 去掉后,句意仍完整 形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 关系词 作宾语时可省略 作宾语时不可省略 可用that 不用that,用who或which代替 可用who代替whom 一般不用who代替whom 可用why 不用why,用for which代替 译法 先译定语从句,后译先行词,常译作“……的” 可译为并列句 He is the man whom you are looking for. 他就是你正在找的那个人。(限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the man) These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。(非限制性定语从句,用逗号与主句隔开) He studied hard at school when he was young, which led to his success in his later life.(which 指代主句内容) 他年轻的时候在学校努力学习,这促使他在以后的生活中取得成功。 Friendship is precious wealth (that) one searches for all his life. 友谊是毕生难觅的珍贵财富。(that 在从句中作for 的宾语,可省略) 单句写作 1.The person (　　　　　) ________ ________ ________(我最尊敬的人) is my physics teacher.  2.But it was a meaningful day, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (我们学到很多东西).  3.She is working hard, ________ ________ ________ ________(这是大家有目共睹的).  whom I respect most when we learnt a lot which everyone can see 4.He did the experiment successfully, ________ ________ ________ ________(正如期待的那样).  5.The door opened, and in came the English teacher Ms Wang,　　　________ ________ ________ ________ (她个子不高) but pretty.  as had been expected who is not tall THANKS 18 as is as has been $$