Unit 1 Reading and Thinking整体掌握课文学案-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

5-1-2 2024-2025学年高二选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking 整体掌握 课文学案 人教版英语24字整体教学 教师版 目 录 ◆读前清障 · 课文词块，词汇英汉 ◆ 课文释译 重点词汇标注，重点句型讲解 · 理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 Reading and Thinking ◆阅读清障 Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵） 1. cause ________________ 引起严重的腹泻 2. become ________________ 变得沮丧 3. two ________________ theories 两种相互矛盾的理论 4. an ________________ from ________________ 感染了细菌 5. need ________________ 需要证据 6. ________________ deaths 很多人死亡 7. many poor ________________ 很多贫困家庭 8. ________________ him of theft 怀疑他盗窃 9. through this ________________ 通过这种干预 10. ________________ waste 未经处理的废弃物 11. ________________ water 纯净水 12. a ________________ 大幅降低 13. use of maps and ________________ 地图和统计数据的使用 14. ________________ the way 改变方式 Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵） 1. die from/of ____________________ 2. attend to ____________________ 3. give birth ____________________ 4. once and for all ____________________ 5. subscribe to ____________________ 6. water pump ____________________ 7. thanks to ____________________ 8. 一般来说 ____________________ 9. 查明 ____________________ 10. 由于…… ____________________ ◆ 课文释译 词汇助读 原文 译文 ①cholera n. 霍乱 ②used to 过去常常 ③severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 ④diarrhoea n. 腹泻 ⑤dehydration n. 脱水 ⑥outbreak n. 爆发 ⑦frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ⑧attend to照顾 ⑨once and for all 最终地；彻底地 ⑩in general一般来说 ⑪contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 ⑫infection n. 感染；传染 infect vt. 使感染；传染 ⑬germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 ⑭subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) subscribe to同意；赞同 ⑮proof n. 证据；证明；检验 ⑯consequently adv. 因此；所以 ⑰investigate v. 调查 ⑱multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 ⑲pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 water pump 水泵 ⑳household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 deliver vt. 运送；传递 as a result of由于……；因为…… accordingly adv. 相应地 handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) remove v. 移走 intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉 track n. 轨道；足迹 link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 case n. 病例 raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 tireless efforts不懈的努力 substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 　vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 thanks to幸亏；由于 statistic n. [pl. ]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 epidemiology n. 流行病学 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①” Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. [1] This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. [2] In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria when she gave birth[3]. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨. [1]这是一个主从复合句。until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。 [2]这是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。 [3]when引导时间状语从句。 In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory⑪ theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. [4] The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑫ from germs⑬ in food or water. [5] Snow subscribed⑭ to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof⑮. Consequently⑯， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate⑰. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. [6] He was determined to find out why. [4][5]两句中that在句中引导表语从句，that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。 [6]第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so . . . that . . . 句型结构，该结构中that引导结果状语从句。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. [7] There were multiple⑱ deaths near the water pump⑲ in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households⑳ (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. [8] What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. [9] As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used[10]. Through this intervention， the disease was stopped in its tracks. [7] 该句中的介词短语by marking on a map作方式状语修饰动词began；where和who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。 [8]that引导的从句作动词suspected的宾语；be to blame意为“该受责备”，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 [9]句型It seemed that . . . 意为“好像……”；so . . . that . . . 句型结构中that引导结果状语从句；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语让别人做某事”。 [10]so that在句中引导目的状语从句。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste[11]. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste[12]. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water[13]. [11]连接词that在句中引导表语从句。 [12]关系代词that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the River Thames。 [13]句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people和those; be likely to do sth”意为“有可能做某事”。 Through Snow's tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease [14]. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases[15]. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. [14]该句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“见证；目睹”。 [15]这是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the way，此处省略了that或in which。 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 ▶理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 Step 1　Pre­reading According to the following pictures, can you tell how scientists affect the world? Step 2　While­reading Ⅰ. Read for the main idea 1. What's the main idea of the passage? A. King Cholera. B. The life of John Snow. C. John Snow's defeat of “King Cholera”. D. The use of John Snow's map in his research. 答案：C 2. Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 A. Snow's investigation Para. 2 B. the comment on Snow Para. 3 C. the introduction of cholera in the past Para. 4 D. the two theories of cholera's spreading Para. 5 E. Snow's conclusion SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 Step 3. Long sentence analysis. 1. Cholera(主语) used to be (谓语)one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed (how it could be overcome)(宾语从句). (时间状语) 【译文】霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一, ____________________________________________。 2. As a young doctor(状语), John Snow (主语)became frustrated(谓语) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(原因状语). 【译文】作为一名年轻的医生, 约翰·斯诺变得沮丧, ____________________________________。 3. In time(状语), he(主语)rose(谓语) to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(时间状语). 【译文】最终, 他成了名医, ____________________________________还照料过她。 4. Snow (主语)began(谓语) by marking on a map the exact places where all those (who died)(定语从句) had lived(定语从句). 【译文】斯诺首先在地图上标出了____________________________________准确地点。 Step 4. Choose the best answer according to the text. 1. Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in? A. Bad air caused the disease. B. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals. C. People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger. D. People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. 2. What was the key to help for John Snow's discovery? A. The government. B. The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C. The water company. D. The map made by himself. 3. At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by . A. using medicines in hospital B. driving patients out of the country C. dealing with the polluted water D. getting rid of all kinds of pollution 4. What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence? A. Cholera multiplied in the water. B. Polluted water carried the virus. C. A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D. Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. 5. Where does this text probably come from? A. A newspaper. 　　　 B. A medical report. C. A book review. D. A TV interview. Step 5. 读后续写微技能 A. 阅读课文中含有人物心理活动的语句。 1. As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 2. However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 3. He was determined to find out why. B. 判断下列句子是否为表示人物心理活动的句子。 1. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. ( ) 2. Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. ( ) 3. For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. ( ) 4. In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. ( ) 5. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. ( ) REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 Step 6. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks. JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Cholera · It used to be one of the most feared 1. ________________ in the world. · It causes 2. ________________ diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death. · In the early 19th century，millions of people 3. ________________ the disease. Two contradictory theories · One theory was that 4. ________________ caused the disease. · Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from 5. ________________ in food or water. John Snow · As a young doctor，he became 6. ________________ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. · He desired to destroy cholera 7. ________________ and for all. · In his use of 8. ________________，he found out why and 9. ________________ the way scientists study diseases. · For this reason，he 10. ________________ the father of modern epidemiology. Step 7. Reread the passage and answer the following questions. 1. How did Snow defeat cholera? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________.   2. What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What can we learn from Snow when facing epidemic? (Creative Thinking创造性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________ RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 Step 1 Question Answering 根据课文内容回答下列问题。 1. Who is considered the father of modern epidemiology? _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was his desire? _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What did cholera use to be? _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What broke out in London in 1854？ _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How did John Snow find out the cause of the disease? _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What was the result through his efforts? _________________________________________________________________________________ Step 2 Sentence Rewriting 将1、2、3句，合并为主从复合句。 1. _________________________________________________________________________________ 使用词汇替换方式改写上文 4、5、6句。 2. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3 Summary Writing 1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 4课文语法填空 Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1._______________(disease) in the world. As a young doctor, John Snow became 2._______________ (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. He desired 3. (destroy) cholera once and for all. He thought cholera was caused by an 4._______________(infect) from germs in food or water. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate by 5._______________(mark) on a map the exact places where all those 6._______________died had lived. At last, John Snow found that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Through Snow’s tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw 7._______________substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks 8._______________the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow 9._______________(transform) the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow 10._______________(consider) the father of modern epidemiology. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 5-1-2 2024-2025学年高二选择性必修第二册英语 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking 整体掌握 课文学案 人教版英语24字整体教学 教师版 目 录 ◆读前清障 · 课文词块，词汇英汉 ◆ 课文释译 重点词汇标注，重点句型讲解 · 理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 Reading and Thinking ◆阅读清障 Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵） 1. cause ________________ 引起严重的腹泻 2. become ________________ 变得沮丧 3. two ________________ theories 两种相互矛盾的理论 4. an ________________ from ________________ 感染了细菌 5. need ________________ 需要证据 6. ________________ deaths 很多人死亡 7. many poor ________________ 很多贫困家庭 8. ________________ him of theft 怀疑他盗窃 9. through this ________________ 通过这种干预 10. ________________ waste 未经处理的废弃物 11. ________________ water 纯净水 12. a ________________ 大幅降低 13. use of maps and ________________ 地图和统计数据的使用 14. ________________ the way 改变方式 【答案】 1. severe diarrhoea 2. frustrated 3. contradictory 4. infection; germs 5. proof 6. multiple 7. households 8. suspect 9. intervention 10. raw 11. pure 12. substantial decrease 13. statistics 14. transform Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵） 1. die from/of ____________________ 2. attend to ____________________ 3. give birth ____________________ 4. once and for all ____________________ 5. subscribe to ____________________ 6. water pump ____________________ 7. thanks to ____________________ 8. 一般来说 ____________________ 9. 查明 ____________________ 10. 由于…… ____________________ 【答案】 1. 死于…… 2. 照料；照顾 3. 分娩 4. 最终地；彻底地 5. 同意；赞同 6. 水泵 7. 幸亏；由于 8. in general 9. find out 10. as a result of ◆ 课文释译 词汇助读 原文 译文 ①cholera n. 霍乱 ②used to 过去常常 ③severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 ④diarrhoea n. 腹泻 ⑤dehydration n. 脱水 ⑥outbreak n. 爆发 ⑦frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ⑧attend to照顾 ⑨once and for all 最终地；彻底地 ⑩in general一般来说 ⑪contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 ⑫infection n. 感染；传染 infect vt. 使感染；传染 ⑬germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 ⑭subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) subscribe to同意；赞同 ⑮proof n. 证据；证明；检验 ⑯consequently adv. 因此；所以 ⑰investigate v. 调查 ⑱multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 ⑲pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 water pump 水泵 ⑳household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 deliver vt. 运送；传递 as a result of由于……；因为…… accordingly adv. 相应地 handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) remove v. 移走 intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉 track n. 轨道；足迹 link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 case n. 病例 raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 tireless efforts不懈的努力 substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 　vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 thanks to幸亏；由于 statistic n. [pl. ]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 epidemiology n. 流行病学 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①” Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. [1] This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. [2] In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria when she gave birth[3]. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨. [1]这是一个主从复合句。until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。 [2]这是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。 [3]when引导时间状语从句。 In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory⑪ theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. [4] The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑫ from germs⑬ in food or water. [5] Snow subscribed⑭ to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof⑮. Consequently⑯， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate⑰. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. [6] He was determined to find out why. [4][5]两句中that在句中引导表语从句，that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。 [6]第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so . . . that . . . 句型结构，该结构中that引导结果状语从句。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. [7] There were multiple⑱ deaths near the water pump⑲ in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households⑳ (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. [8] What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. [9] As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used[10]. Through this intervention， the disease was stopped in its tracks. [7] 该句中的介词短语by marking on a map作方式状语修饰动词began；where和who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。 [8]that引导的从句作动词suspected的宾语；be to blame意为“该受责备”，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 [9]句型It seemed that . . . 意为“好像……”；so . . . that . . . 句型结构中that引导结果状语从句；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语让别人做某事”。 [10]so that在句中引导目的状语从句。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste[11]. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste[12]. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water[13]. [11]连接词that在句中引导表语从句。 [12]关系代词that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the River Thames。 [13]句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people和those; be likely to do sth”意为“有可能做某事”。 Through Snow's tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease [14]. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases[15]. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. [14]该句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“见证；目睹”。 [15]这是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the way，此处省略了that或in which。 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 ▶理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 Step 1　Pre­reading According to the following pictures, can you tell how scientists affect the world? 【答案】 Answers may vary. Step 2　While­reading Ⅰ. Read for the main idea 1. What's the main idea of the passage? A. King Cholera. B. The life of John Snow. C. John Snow's defeat of “King Cholera”. D. The use of John Snow's map in his research. 答案：C 2. Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 A. Snow's investigation Para. 2 B. the comment on Snow Para. 3 C. the introduction of cholera in the past Para. 4 D. the two theories of cholera's spreading Para. 5 E. Snow's conclusion 【答案】 Paras. 1-5　CDAEB SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 Step 3. Long sentence analysis. 1. Cholera(主语) used to be (谓语)one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed (how it could be overcome)(宾语从句). (时间状语) 【译文】霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一, ____________________________________________。 2. As a young doctor(状语), John Snow (主语)became frustrated(谓语) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(原因状语). 【译文】作为一名年轻的医生, 约翰·斯诺变得沮丧, ____________________________________。 3. In time(状语), he(主语)rose(谓语) to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(时间状语). 【译文】最终, 他成了名医, ____________________________________还照料过她。 4. Snow (主语)began(谓语) by marking on a map the exact places where all those (who died)(定语从句) had lived(定语从句). 【译文】斯诺首先在地图上标出了____________________________________准确地点。 【答案】 1. 直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何攻克它 2. 因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱 3. 甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时 4. 所有死者曾经生活过的 Step 4. Choose the best answer according to the text. 1. Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in? A. Bad air caused the disease. B. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals. C. People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger. D. People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. 2. What was the key to help for John Snow's discovery? A. The government. B. The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C. The water company. D. The map made by himself. 3. At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by . A. using medicines in hospital B. driving patients out of the country C. dealing with the polluted water D. getting rid of all kinds of pollution 4. What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence? A. Cholera multiplied in the water. B. Polluted water carried the virus. C. A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D. Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. 5. Where does this text probably come from? A. A newspaper. 　　　 B. A medical report. C. A book review. D. A TV interview. 【答案】 1－5　BDCBA Step 5. 读后续写微技能 A. 阅读课文中含有人物心理活动的语句。 1. As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 2. However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 3. He was determined to find out why. B. 判断下列句子是否为表示人物心理活动的句子。 1. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. ( ) 2. Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. ( ) 3. For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. ( ) 4. In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. ( ) 5. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. ( ) 【答案】 1. 是 2. 不是 3. 不是 4. 不是 5. 不是 REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 Step 6. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks. JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Cholera · It used to be one of the most feared 1. ________________ in the world. · It causes 2. ________________ diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death. · In the early 19th century，millions of people 3. ________________ the disease. Two contradictory theories · One theory was that 4. ________________ caused the disease. · Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from 5. ________________ in food or water. John Snow · As a young doctor，he became 6. ________________ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. · He desired to destroy cholera 7. ________________ and for all. · In his use of 8. ________________，he found out why and 9. ________________ the way scientists study diseases. · For this reason，he 10. ________________ the father of modern epidemiology. 【答案】 1. diseases 2. severe 3. died from 4. bad air 5. germs 6. frustrated 7. once 8. maps and statistics 9. transformed 10. is considered Step 7. Reread the passage and answer the following questions. 1. How did Snow defeat cholera? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________.   2. What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What can we learn from Snow when facing epidemic? (Creative Thinking创造性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Firstly, he subscribed to the second theory.   Secondly, he began to investigate to collect proof.   Thirdly, he marked on a map the exact places where people who died had lived.   Fourthly, he looked into the source of the water and found that it came from the polluted river.   Finally, the source of water was examined and cholera was controlled 2. They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods. They treat the sick with love and kindness.   3. When facing an epidemic, we should find the cause of it, cut off the transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it.   RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 Step 1 Question Answering 根据课文内容回答下列问题。 1. Who is considered the father of modern epidemiology? _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was his desire? _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What did cholera use to be? _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What broke out in London in 1854？ _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How did John Snow find out the cause of the disease? _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What was the result through his efforts? _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. John Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 2. John Snow desired to defeat cholera. 3. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world. 4. An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. 5. He found out the cause of the disease by using maps and statistics. 6. Through his efforts, the threat of cholera around the world greatly decreased. Step 2 Sentence Rewriting 将1、2、3句，合并为主从复合句。 1. _________________________________________________________________________________ 使用词汇替换方式改写上文 4、5、6句。 2. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. John Snow, who is considered the father of modern epidemiology, desired to defeat cholera, which used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world. 2. Cholera broke out in London in 1854. 3. He figured out the cause of the disease by using maps and statistics. 4. Thanks to his efforts, the threat of cholera around the world greatly decreased. Step 3 Summary Writing 1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 John Snow, who is considered the father of modern epidemiology, desired to defeat cholera, which used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world. （要点1）When cholera broke out in London in 1854, he figured out the cause of the disease by using maps and statistics. （要点2）As a result, thanks to his efforts, the threat of cholera around the world greatly decreased. （要点3） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$