内容正文:
晨读预课——厚积大语基·单元语基的全面落实
Ⅰ.速记“简易”词汇
1.float vi. 飘动,漂流;浮
vt. 使浮动,使漂流
2.bother vt. 使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力 (做某事);打扰
vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)
n. 麻烦,困难
3.tube n. 管,管子;软管
4.pill n. 药丸,药片
5.vital adj. 必不可少的,对……极重要的;维持生命所必需的
6.crew n. 全体工作人员;全体乘务人员,全体船员;专业团队
7.kit n. 成套设备,成套工具;配套元件
8.orbit vt.& vi. 围绕……运动,沿轨道运行
n. (天体等运行的)轨道
9.agency n. 机构;代理处
10.scan vt.& vi. 扫描;细看;浏览
n. 扫描检查;快速查阅
11.purse n. 资金,财源;钱包
12.tale n. 故事;讲述,叙述
13.rocket n. 火箭;火箭武器
14.shelter n. 居所,住处;庇护
vt. 保护,掩蔽
vi. 躲避
15.nuclear adj. 核能的,原子能的;核武器的
Ⅱ.勤回首“复杂”词汇
1.astronaut n. 宇航员,航天员
2.gravity n. 重力;严重性;严肃
3.cupboard n. 壁橱;橱柜,衣柜
4.ceiling n. 天花板;上限
5.mission n. 任务;使命,天职;军事行动;太空飞行任务
6.creature n. 动物,生物;人
7.mosquito n. 蚊子
8.microscope n. 显微镜
9.maintenance n. 维护,保养;维持,保持
10.circumstance n. 条件,状况;(circumstances)境况, (尤指)经济状况
11.radiation n. 辐射,放射线
12.luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受);奢侈品
13.furthermore adv. 此外,再者
14.discipline vt. 严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练
n. 训练,纪律;行为准则;自制力
15.leisure n. 闲暇,空闲
16.permanent adj. 永久的,永恒的
17.altogether adv. 完全;总共;总之
18.telescope n. 望远镜
19.astronomer n. 天文学家
20.administration n. 行政部门;管理,行政
21.comprise vt. 包括,包含;组成,构成
22.foundation n. 基础,根据;地基;创办;基金会
23.shuttle n. 航天飞机;来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)
vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)
24.hydrogen n. 氢,氢气
25.mechanic n. 机械师,技工
Ⅲ.辨清用准“形变”词汇
1.absent adj.缺席的;心不在焉的→absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席
2.occupy vt.占用,使用;居住;占领,侵占;使忙于→occupation n.占领;占据;工作;职业
3.evaluate vt.评估,估计,评价→evaluation n.评估;评价
4.expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光→exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露;报道
5.vision n.视力;视野→visible adj.看得见的;明显的→invisible adj.看不见的
6.universe n.宇宙,天地万物→universal adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的
7.crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的→crucially adv.关键地
8.mere adj.仅仅的,只不过→merely adv.仅仅,只不过
9.origin n.起源,起因;出身→original adj.起初的;原来的;首创的;独创的 n.原著;原作→originate vt.起源;创立
10.frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地→frequency n.发生率,出现率;频繁;频率
11.motive n.原因,动机,目的→motivate vt.激励;激发→motivation n.动机;动力
12.invest v.投资;投入→investment n.投资;投入
13.calculate vt.计算,核算;预测→calculation n.计算;估计;预测→calculator n.计算器
14.cover n.覆盖物;封面;掩护物 v.覆盖;遮盖;处理;涉及;包括→coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围;信息范围
15.assist vt.帮助;协助;援助→assistance n.帮助;协助→assistant n.助理;售货员;助教 adj.助理的,副的
16.incredible adj.难以置信的;极好的→incredibly adv.极其,极端地;令人难以置信
17.dust n.沙土,尘土;灰尘,尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
18.constant adj.固定的,不变的;连续发生的,重复的→constantly adv.不断地
Ⅳ.特别警惕“易误解”词汇(熟词生义/词性活用)
1.gravity n.重力→n.严重性;严肃;庄严
2.ceiling n.天花板→n.上限
3.bother n.麻烦,困难→vt.使烦恼,使担心;花费时间精力(做某事);打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事)
4.discipline n.训练,纪律;行为准则;自制力→vt.严格要求(自己);惩罚;训练
5.orbit n.(天体等运行的)轨道→vt.& vi.围绕……运动,沿轨道运行
6.scan n.扫描检查;快速查阅→vt.& vi.扫描;细看;浏览
7.shuttle n.航天飞机;来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)→vi.频繁往来(于两地之间);(在较近的两地之间定时)往返运送
8.rocket n.火箭;火箭武器→v.猛增;快速增长
9.shelter n.居所,住处;庇护→vt.保护,掩蔽 vi.躲避
Ⅴ.归类串记“族群”词汇
1.“仅仅”不只是only
①merely ②only
③barely ④simply
⑤just ⑥alone
⑦rarely ⑧no more than
2.正反全靠前缀
①visible→invisible
②dependence→independence
③legal→illegal
④logical→illogical
⑤regular→irregular
3.形似远不是神似
①bother 打扰→brother 兄弟
②later 后来→latter 后者
③desert 沙漠→dessert 甜食
④contact 接触→contract 合同
⑤crow 乌鸦→crown 王冠
Ⅰ.再认再现单元内词块
1.cast_new_light_on 使进一步了解……
2.in_the_circumstances 在这种情况下,既然如此
3.lay_the_foundation_for 为……打下基础
4.put_on 穿上(衣服);上演(戏剧等)
5.lead_to 导致;造成(后果);通向
6.take_place 发生;举行
7.protect_...from 保护……免受
8.make_sense_of 理解,弄懂
9.make_contributions_to 为……做出贡献
10.due_to 因为,由于
11.attach_...to 依附于,附属
12.carry_out 实施,执行
13.in_view_of 鉴于,考虑到
14.plain_to_see 显而易见的
15.long_to_do_sth. 渴望做某事
16.look_up_at 抬头,仰望
17.be_curious_about 对……好奇
18.apply_to 适用于
Ⅱ.类比串记单元外词块
1.表示“渴望……”的短语
①long to do sth.
②be dying for sth./to do sth.
③be desperate for sth./to do sth.
④be keen on doing sth.
⑤be eager for sth./to do sth.
2.“make+n.+of”短语
①make sense of 理解,弄懂
②make use of 使用,利用
③make fun of 戏弄,嘲弄
④make the most of 充分利用
3.“be+adj.+about”式短语
①be curious about 对……好奇
②be disappointed about 对……失望
③be particular about 对……讲究
④be certain/sure about 确信……
Ⅰ.背教材典句
1.as引导让步状语从句,使用倒装形式
教材原句
Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们想象的那么激动人心。
推荐佳句
Great success as we achieved, we shouldn't be proud.
尽管取得了很大的成功,我们也不应该骄傲。
2.That's why ...“那就是为什么……”
教材原句
That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
推荐佳句
①Yesterday is a history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift.That is why it is called present.昨天是历史,明天是未知,而今天是礼物,那就是为什么它被叫作“present”。
②(外研版必修3佳句)I guess that's why she attracts so many visitors every day.我想那就是为什么她能每天吸引那么多的游客前来吧。
3.be of+抽象名词
教材原句
Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。
推荐佳句
(人教版必修1佳句)That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。
4.considering作连词,引导条件状语从句
教材原句
Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.
鉴于低重力对人体的这些负面影响,我们严格要求自己每天至少运动两个小时。
推荐佳句
①(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Considering the actual situation in China at that time, Lu Xun made a bold decision to quit medical school and pursue writing.
考虑到当时中国的实际情况,鲁迅做出了一个大胆的决定,退出医学院,专心从事写作。
②(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)Considering that oceans play a critical role in the world,each of us has a responsibility to protect them.
考虑到海洋在世界上发挥的关键作用,我们每个人都有责任保护海洋。
Ⅱ.背主题佳句
对接单元主题——宇宙探索
1.As we know, there is little oxygen on Mars and also it is much colder than our planet.
正如我们所知,火星上几乎没有氧气,而且它比我们的星球冷得多。
2.People would have to wear boots that are specially designed to prevent themselves from floating off into space.人们将不得不穿着专门设计的靴子,以防止自己漂浮到太空中。
3.I'm writing with great excitement to tell you how proud I am for your remarkable accomplishments made in China's space expeditions.我怀着无比的激动(的心情)写信告诉你,我为你们在中国太空探险中取得的非凡成就感到无比自豪。
4.Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快,人们就认识到,太阳只是我们称作银河系的星系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
5.So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙还有很多未探索的领域,我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
6.Man's exploration into the depths of the universe must be challenging, but as long as we keep enterprising, the future must be bright.
人类向宇宙深处的探索肯定是充满挑战的,但只要我们保持进取心,前途一定是光明的。
Ⅲ.背优美语段
“续写”系列背诵——场景渲染之“对话”场景
His head hung spiritlessly and he seemed to be crying.“You know the team needs you, don't you, David?” My words broke the silence.“I don't want to let them down, sir. I couldn't live with myself,” he whispered, still hanging his head in frustration.“You know that by not running you will disappoint them all.Don't you want to run?” I asked.“More than anything but the conditions are so difficult and the forest so dense (稠密的) that I'm afraid I won't make it,” he answered. “You'll never know unless you try!” Thinking for a while, David stood up,thanked me and walked away, a determined look on his face.
高分悟道
本段中使用了多处人物对话,其中表示“说”的引述词有“My words, whispered, asked, answered”等,丰富了语言表达。
高分有招
表示“说”的高分词块有:
words knotting in his throat 他嗓子哽咽着
express one's appreciation incoherently语无伦次地表达感激之情
scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫
yell at 对……大嚷大叫
mutter a few words of apology低声嘀咕了几句道歉的话
murmur sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事
adding that ... 补充说……
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