选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 War and Peace 第1课时（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版2019）

第1课时——精析重难点·核心词汇的深化学习 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The tide (潮水) was out and they walked among the rock pools. 2．In spite of the fog the crew can distinguish the coastline (海岸线) fairly well. 3．The breeze (微风) gently kissed her cheeks when she rode a bike on the road. 4．Remember, every grain (粮食) comes after hard toil, which we should cherish. 5．School uniforms (制服) can not only show good discipline but also make us look more active. 6．He is an outstanding (杰出的) athlete and deserves to win. 7．The old man recalled (回忆起) the city as it had been before the war. 8．As peers (同龄人), they always have a lot to talk about, such as favorite sports and books. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．In sum, confidence is built from within instead of from external factors. 2．I believed he was an honourable man, dedicated (dedicate) to the people. 3．It was a misty (mist) morning, but it soon became clear when the sun began to shine. 4．Health is frequently thought to be associated (associate) with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise. 5．He is an eighteen－year－old boy with a very high academic (academy) qualification and rich experience as a volunteer. 6．We are now engaged in a great and most glorious (glory) cause, never undertaken by our forefathers. 7．Attending collective (collect) activities is an effective way to relieve pressure. 8．Since the liberation (liberate) of this area, it has witnessed significant progress in politics, economy and culture. 9．The player is regarded as a representative of the youth of her generation. 10．China has contributed to the stability (stable) and balance of global economic development. Ⅲ.熟词生义(写出黑体部分的词性及汉语意思) 1．Amy was aware of the little troop of travellers watching the two of them.n.一群人 2．A tide of rage surged through her.n.高涨的情绪 3．The fruit was drowned in cream.v.浸泡 4．We drove there and back on one tank of petrol.n.一箱的量 5．Hard household chores roughed her hands.v.使粗糙 Ⅳ.选词填空 on standby， be made up of， have ...confidence in， make it， nothing less than， meet up with， refer to ...as ...， light up 1．The new discovery is nothing_less_than a breakthrough. 2．We have lots of confidence_in our ability to solve any problem. 3．The moment Jane caught sight of the helicopter, her face lit_up with delight. 4．Would you like to make a living from the activity that you now refer_to_as a hobby? 5．A tea set is_made_up_of a tea pot and some teacups, which are both made of china. 6．You can never make_it if you lack action. 7．Another vessel is kept on_standby near the platform all the time, in case of emergency. 8．In my spare time I like to go shopping, meet_up_with friends and have a good meal at a trendy restaurant. Ⅴ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)When facing challenges, some people choose to avoid difficulties while_others_decide_to_deal_with_them. 当面对挑战时，有些人选择避开困难，而另一些人则决定应对它们。 2．(完成句子)We couldn't go to school as_it_snowed_heavily_that_day. 我们没能去上学，因为那天雪下得很大。 3．(完成句子)It's_no_wonder_that you're tired; you've been walking for hours. 难怪你累了，你已经走了几个小时了。 4．The football match was over, so crowds of people poured out into the street. →The football match being over, crowds of people poured out into the street.(用独立主格改写句子) 5．With time going by, I gradually understand my father's words. →As_time_goes_by,_I gradually understand my father's words.(用as改写句子) 1.sum n．金额，款项v.总结；概括 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之人物介绍)She was so generous that she donated a large sum of money to the charity. 她是如此慷慨，以至于她给慈善机构捐了一大笔钱。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)a large sum of　　　　 大量；许多 in sum 总之，总而言之 (2)to sum up 总之 sum (sth.) up 总结；概括；总计 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①In sum, success lies in hard work, so you need to make more efforts. ②To sum up, I wish we could live up to the expectations of our school. ③At the end of class, the teacher summed (sum) up the key points. ④The government has decided to offer the town a_large_sum_of_money for a new road. 政府已决定向该镇提供一大笔钱修建一条新路。 ⑤To_sum_up/In_sum,_it is very important that friends should be faithful to each other. 总之，朋友之间彼此忠诚很重要。 2．be made up of由……组成(构成) |助|表|达|　 (主旨升华句)Life is really made up of little moments that are full of meaning and pleasure. 生活真的是由充满意义和快乐的小瞬间组成的。 |辨|析|清| (写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思) ①Peasants make up over 60 percent of the population in that developing country.组成 ②She spent an hour making up before the party to look more attractive.化妆 ③When she was asked why she was late, she made up an excuse.编造 |精|归|纳|　 make up　　　　　　 组成，构成；弥补；化妆；编造 make up for 弥补；补偿 make out 辨认出，弄清；理解 make sense 有意义；讲得通 be made of 由……构成(能看出原材料) be made from 由……构成(看不出原材料) 名师指津：(1)be made up of是被动语态，用整体作主语；make up是主动语态，用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体”。(2)表示“由……组成(构成)”的其他短语还有：consist of/be composed of等。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ④Eight chapters, three cases and three experiments make up the course. ⑤I have learned that the exhibition is_made_up_of/consists_of/is_composed_of dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists, such as Xu Beihong, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian. 我了解到，这次展览包括几十幅中国著名艺术家的杰作，如徐悲鸿、齐白石、张大千等。 ⑥The salad is_made_up_of fresh greens, tomatoes, and cucumbers, all of which are_made_from organic ingredients. 这盘沙拉由新鲜的绿叶蔬菜、番茄和黄瓜组成，所有的食材都是由有机原料制成的。 3．refer to ...as ...把……称作…… |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之地理概况)When talking about their beloved city, locals often refer to it as “The Heart of the Country” because of its central location and lively culture. 当谈到他们心爱的城市时，当地人经常把它称为“国之心脏”，因为它的地理位置处于中心且文化活跃。 |辨|析|清| (写出下列句子中refer to的汉语意思) ①Since the boy has been punished，please don't refer to that matter again.提到 ②If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅 ③When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.指的是 ④Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.参考 |精|归|纳|　 (1)refer to　　　　　　 指的是；参考；提到；查阅 refer ...to ... 把……提交给…… (2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to 关于 联想发散：“查词典”可表达为：refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary; search through a dictionary等。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ⑤People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”． ⑥You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer)． ⑦As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor. ⑧The textbooks and dictionaries can_be_used_as_reference_books while the magazines can serve as reading materials. 课本和词典可以用作参考书籍，然而杂志可以当作阅读材料。 语境迁移应用(运用本单元知识完成下列语段) 主题语境——维和人员 At the invitation of the international community, China ①often_sends_peacekeepers _to_the_affected_countries_to_offer_help (经常派遣维和人员前往受灾国家提供帮助). All of these peacekeepers are combatants. They wear peacekeepers' uniforms, carry weapons and ammunition, stop ②violent (violence) incidents，disarm illegal armed forces, mediate friction between all parties, and fortify social security. They ③make_outstanding_contributions_to_the_peace_and_stability_of_the_country (为国家的和平与稳定做出了杰出贡献). Their unremitting efforts and ④dedication (dedicate) have won widespread praise.The ⑤supreme_commander (最高指挥官) of UN peacekeeping once spoke highly of the quality and role of China's peacekeeping force，and awarded it collective first－class merit. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Twenty－five young musicians from around the world have come to California to train and perform this month. They will take part in an international program called iPalpiti. The name comes from the Italian word for heartbeats. Eduard Schmieder is the program's conductor and musical director. Schmieder and his wife started the program in 1997 with help from violinist and conductor Yehudi Menuhin. This year, the musicians come from 19 countries. Schmieder notes some of the musicians are from countries that are at war with each other. And they are sitting next to each other, and they become friends. He says through their music and friendship, they are making the world more peaceful. The musicians taking part in the program range in age from their late teens to their 30s. Schmieder said they include winners of major music competitions. Peter Rainer is a violin player from Germany. He serves as concertmaster, the link between the musicians and conductor. “It's so great that you have so many sensitive musicians. They all are very alert and awake and listen to each other and it's a lot of fun.” Turkish viola player Can Sakul says the international group works well together. “The experience is a cultural as well as a musical exchange，” said Russian violinist Semyon Promoe. “Everyone has their own opinion of music, and about how to play every composition. It's very interesting to interact with everybody, to play together and to create one opinion for everybody.” This year, the festival focuses on music from the 1600s to the 1900s. But cello player Francisco Vila of Ecuador said the music has no geographic boundaries. Vila added that the musicians get to know more about each other as they perform great music. “It's interesting to see where we intersect, how many things we have in common. And also the music world is quite small, so you're only one person away from knowing everyone else.” Can Sakul said the musicians who have taken part in the training and festival make up a big family. He added that he is proud to be a part of it. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了音乐人Schmieder创建了一个由来自不同国家、不同年龄的音乐家们组成的团队，他们在一起合作交流，他们希望通过他们的音乐和友谊使世界更和谐。 1．When was the program founded? A．This month. B．From 1600s. C．From the musicians' late teens. D．In 1997. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这个项目创建于1997年。 2．Mentioning that “some of the musicians are from countries that are at war with each other”， Schmieder wants to present that ________. A．musicians continue to fight in competitions B．music makes the world more peaceful C．musicians are from different countries D．the world is not peaceful 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Schmieder notes ... making the world more peaceful.”可知，Schmieder提及一些音乐家们来自于交战国，是想以此表达音乐使世界更和谐。 3．What do Semyon Promoe's words suggest in the fourth paragraph? A．The program concentrates more on culture than on music. B．Musicians from different cultures can play well together. C．Cultural differences affect musicians' performance a lot. D．Different people have the same understanding of music. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘The experience is a cultural as well as a musical exchange，’ said Russian violinist Semyon Promoe. ‘Everyone has their own opinion of music ... for everybody.’”可知，Semyon Promoe的话表明来自不同文化背景的音乐家可以很好地在一起演奏。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Musicians Have Much in Common B．A National Music Program C．Music Has No Geographic Boundaries D．Music Competitions at War 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了音乐人Schmieder创建了一个由来自不同国家、不同年龄的音乐家们组成的团队，他们在一起合作交流，希望通过他们的音乐和友谊使世界更和谐。因此C选项“音乐是没有国界的”，表达了本文主题，适合作为标题。 B (2024·福建厦门校考)For the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face－to－face interactions when employees start to work at an open－plan office, and their results show these modern workspaces are not as cooperative as you'd think. Two researchers from Harvard Business School and Harvard University wanted to test whether removing walls at a real－world workplace really increases interactions between co－workers. “To our knowledge, no prior study has directly measured the effect on actual interaction that results from removing walls to create an open office environment，” Ethan S. Bernstein and Stephen Turban write in the paper. To that end, they approached two multinational companies that were reorganizing their office spaces at the global headquarters, and enlisted small groups of employees for two studies. For eight weeks before the office redesign and eight weeks afterward, the researchers tracked employees' social interactions and locations. This data was analyzed together with email and instant messaging information from the company's servers to measure differences in how people were communicating with each other. What they found was a pretty astonishing difference in face－to－face interactions — but not in the direction you might think. Across both experiments, employees' social interactions in person decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by roughly 20 to 50 percent. So, instead of spending more time cooperating with co－workers in the new space where everyone could see them, people got their heads down and tried to preserve their privacy any way they could. According to these results, it appears that being forced into a more open－plan environment can make people switch from chatting to others in person to sending an email or using instant messaging instead. As the team notes, it's not automatically a bad thing, but it can certainly change work dynamics in an unexpected way. “That can have important consequences for how — and how productively — work gets done，” the researchers conclude. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明：在开放式办公室工作时，员工并不像人们想象的那样合作。相反，为了保护隐私，他们会减少互动，更多地使用电子邮件或即时消息进行交流。 5．How did the two multinational companies redesign their offices? A．By expanding the total floor areas. B．By updating the computer servers. C．By changing the employees' locations. D．By tearing down the space boundaries. 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第二段可知，为了研究开放性办公空间对互动的影响，研究人员联系了这两家跨国公司，因为这两家跨国公司正准备重新设计办公室。由此推知，他们会把办公室设计成开放性的，即打破空间边界。故选D项。 6．Why did the employees prefer email or instant messaging in an open office space? A．To reduce the risk of privacy leaks. B．To establish efficient communication. C．To facilitate indirect social interaction. D．To transform traditional work patterns. 解析：选A　细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，员工更喜欢在开放式办公场所发电子邮件或即时消息，是因为他们想减少隐私泄露的风险。故选A项。 7．What can be inferred from the researchers' saying in the last paragraph? A．Further relevant research needs conducting. B．Their research findings are of practical value. C．Their team intends to change working environment. D．People hold different opinions on how work gets done. 解析：选B　推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句可知，研究人员认为他们的研究结果具有实用价值。故选B项。 8．What is the main idea of the text? A．Real－world workplaces increase employees' interaction. B．Work dynamics don't have much effect on work efficiency. C．Modern workspaces change workers' way of communication. D．Open－plan offices can't promote cooperation among co－workers. 解析：选D　主旨大意题。由第一段和全文可知，文章讲述了一项研究，研究结果表明：在开放式办公室工作时，员工并不像人们想象的那样合作。相反，为了保护隐私，他们会减少互动，更多地使用电子邮件或即时消息进行交流，故D项“开放式办公室不能促进同事之间的合作”可概括本文主旨。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Living Well with Others A good life is one that is beneficial to living well with others, while living comfortably and honestly. However, not everyone can deal with the relationship well with others. They're looking to explore new ways to make their life better. __9__ Smile at those around you. It's often been said that a smile is catching. __10__ Studies suggest that friendly engagement (交往) with others improves happiness levels, at least in part. People are more likely to treat a smiling person better than a non－smiling person. Help others. Studies have shown that helping others has a direct relation to individual happiness. __11__ Volunteering to help others has been connected to better quality of life. __12__ The golden rule is still the most important rule for getting along with others. Think of how you would like your friends to act around you. If you treat people with love and respect, they will treat you with the same. Value your friendships with others. The quality of a person's friendship has a direct effect upon their well－being. Friends can increase a sense of your sense of belonging and purpose. __13__ A．Research suggests that's true. B．Treat others how you wish to be treated. C．Treat others with honesty, respect and kindness. D．When meeting someone for the first time, smile to them. E．They will also help prevent you from developing bad habits. F．This article will cover some ideas you may want to consider. G．Taking time to care for others has been important to understand “the good life”． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与他人和睦相处的几种方法。 9．选F　上文提出人们在寻找能很好地处理与他人的关系的方法，下文给出四个建议，F项承上启下，引出下文介绍的方法，衔接自然。 10．选A　根据段首主题句“Smile at those around you.”和上文“It's often been said that a smile is catching.”可知，本段说明了微笑在人际交往中的作用。结合下文可知，微笑的作用已被研究证明。A项承上启下，衔接自然。 11．选G　段首主题句“Help others.”建议要帮助他人，G项解释了要帮助他人的原因，句中“care for others”与主题句相照应。 12．选B　设空处是段首主题句，根据下文可知，本段主要介绍了人际交往当中的黄金法则“你怎么对待别人，别人就会怎么对待你。”，所以B项是本段内容的最佳概括。 13．选E　段首主题句“Value your friendships with others.”提出要珍惜友谊。上文提出友谊可以增加你的归属感和目标感，E项与上文构成并列关系，提出友谊可以让人避免养成坏习惯。两个句子说明了要珍惜友谊的原因，衔接自然。 Ⅲ.完形填空 It was my tenth birthday. The __14__ list began with a few close friends, but it quickly grew to a total of seventeen. Nearly every girl in my fifth grade class had been invited to my house for a big __15__. I was especially happy when they excitedly accepted the __16__. It would be a night of scary stories, pizza and lots of presents. But as I later realized, I would truly __17__ only one gift I received that night. That night, we were playing games when the doorbell rang. “Judy, come here for a minute，” Mom called from the front door. I __18__ my eyes and shrugged to my friends as if to say, “Now who would dare __19__ me at a time like this？” I walked toward the front door reluctantly, and then stopped. There on the front porch stood Sarah Westly — the quiet girl who sat next to me in music class — and she was holding a gift. How had I forgotten to invite Sarah? I remembered that I only __20__ a name to the list when someone had shown an interest in me. But Sarah had never done that. Never once did she squeeze into the __21__ of kids surrounding me at lunchtime. I guess I had forgotten to invite her simply because she wasn't __22__ to be invited. “I can't __23__，” she said, looking down. “My dad is waiting in the car.” “Can you come in for a little while？” I nearly __24__. “Thanks, but I have to go，” she said, turning toward the door. Inside the box was a small __25__ about three inches tall with its tail wagging (摇摆) in the air. It was the best gift I had received, __26__ I was never really into dogs. I later found out that the figurine looked exactly like Sarah's dog, Seymour. I didn't know it then, but now I __27__ that Sarah was my one true childhood friend. She was an __28__ friend who stood by me, always encouraging and understanding me. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者邀请了几乎班里所有的女同学来参加她的生日聚会，却没有邀请Sarah。随着时间流逝，作者明白了Sarah才是她真正的朋友。 14．A.guest B．gift C．price D．performance 解析：选A　根据后文中的“a few close friends”可知，这个名单是关于生日宴会上邀请的宾客名单。 15．A.command B．competition C．celebration D．challenge 解析：选C　根据介词for及常识可知，朋友们来参加生日宴会的目的是参加庆祝活动(celebration)。 16．A.service B．invitation C．risk D．experiment 解析：选B　根据前文“Nearly every girl in my fifth grade class had been invited to my house for a big________.”可知，作者向朋友们发出了生日邀请，此处指朋友们接受了邀请(invitation)。 17．A.lose B．recommend C．purchase D．treasure 解析：选D　根据后文中的“It was the best gift I had received”可知，作者认为Sarah的礼物是最好的，因此十分珍视(treasure)。 18．A.rubbed B．fixed C．rolled D．lowered 解析：选C　根据上文“That night, we were playing games when the doorbell rang.”可知，作者和朋友们玩得正高兴，不希望有人打扰，所以翻白眼表示不满。roll one's eyes为固定搭配，意为“转动眼球，翻白眼”。 19．A.persuade B．bother C．surprise D．evaluate 解析：选B　根据前文中的“______ my eyes”及“dare”可推测，作者不耐烦，认为有人来打扰(bother)。 20．A.added B．compared C．associated D．tied 解析：选A　根据前文“The ________ list began with a few close friends, but it quickly grew to a total of seventeen.”并结合语境可知，此处应使用add一词，表示往宾客名单上添加名字。 21．A.line B．order C．circle D．turn 解析：选C　此处使用circle的抽象含义“圈子”，即指Sarah不能算是作者的好朋友。a circle of为固定搭配，意为“……的圈子”。 22．A.pretending B．determining C．pushing D．intending 解析：选C　根据前文中的“I remembered that I only ________ a name to the list when someone had shown an interest in me.”可知，作者忘记邀请Sarah，是因为Sarah没有主动跟作者联系，推动作者邀请她。push在此处意为“推动”。 23．A.stay B．move C．breathe D．imagine 解析：选A　根据后文中的“My dad is waiting in the car.”可知，Sarah的父亲还在车里等她，她不能久留。 24．A.blamed B．begged C．urged D．promised 解析：选B　根据后文中的“‘Thanks, but I have to go，’ she said, turning toward the door.”可知，作者恳求(beg) Sarah留下来，但是Sarah拒绝了。 25．A.model B．cat C．toy D．dog 解析：选D　根据后文中的“I was never really into dogs. I later found out that the figurine looked exactly like Sarah's dog, Seymour.”可知，Sarah送给作者的是一个小狗雕像。 26．A.so that B．in case C．as if D．even though 解析：选D　通过前文“the best gift”和后文“never really into”的对比可知，此处应使用转折连词。 27．A.realize B．guess C．ignore D．predict 解析：选A　根据前文中作者没有邀请Sarah来参加生日宴会，Sarah却主动来送礼物及常识可知，作者意识到(realize) Sarah才是她真正的朋友。 28．A.incapable B．unconditional C．irresponsible D．impatient 解析：选B　作者没有邀请Sarah来参加生日宴会，Sarah却主动来送礼物，说明Sarah对作者的友谊是无条件的(unconditional)。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$