必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of Science 第1课时（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版2019）

第1课时——精析重难点·核心词汇的深化学习 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Your body will grow more flexible (柔韧的) as you move from one pose to another. 2．A series of bright flashes (闪光) in the sky indicate that the rainstorm is coming. 3．We all have a strong desire (渴望) for health and happiness. 4．His book is an impressive account (描述) of a world that few readers of this newspaper will recognise. 5．Optimism has a positive effect on people's physical and mental (精神的) health, which I'm very convinced. 6．My father thinks I am not capable (有能力的) of running the company well, but I mean to show him that he is wrong. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国乙卷)From the English side, we have scientific (science) reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. 2．(2023·浙江1月高考)The term “hutong”， originally (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 3．(2022·全国甲卷)The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely (entire) on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 4．There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury (injure) in time for the race. 5．Instead of working hard to create some chances, some people wait passively (passive) for the arrival of success. 6．It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure (press), and put people into a better mood. 7．Professor Johnson is said to have made some significant (significance) advance in his research in the past year. 8．The moment the Olympic Games were_declared (declare) open, the whole world cheered. Ⅲ.熟词生义(写出黑体部分的词性及汉语意思) 1．He is a very famous figure in the press.n.新闻界 2．He began to stuff his mouth with pasta. v．填满 3．A one－minute scene in a movie takes days to shoot. v．拍摄 4．The figures flash up on the scoreboard. v．闪光 5．Reading literary fiction, he said, makes us more curious. n．小说 Ⅳ.选词填空 draw a conclusion， in terms of， instead of， in addition， lead to， apart from 1．To improve the competence of the elderly in_terms_of technology, many measures will be taken to increase the supply of senior－friendly products. 2．In_addition,_it saves the village from river flooding during the rainy season. 3．We're sure that the measures will lead_to a large increase in our production. 4．We can't draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter. 5．Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in English Corner and other after－class English activities. 6．We should concentrate on protecting ecology instead_of only economic development. Ⅴ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)It would_have_been much better if you had just used a line graph to illustrate the different stages of culture shock.如果你只用一个折线图来演示文化冲击的不同阶段，那会更好。 2．(完成句子)Students should be evaluated in_terms_of_overall_quality. 应该根据综合素质来评价学生。 3．(完成句子)They may also be_very_attached_to their family and enjoy special visits to them. 他们也可能非常依恋家人，喜欢专门拜访他们。 4．(一句多译)要不是下雨，旅行本来会很棒。 ①If_it_hadn't_been_for_the_rain,_it would have been a great trip. ②But_for_the_rain,_it would have been a great trip. 5．Sea water cannot be used for drinking directly.The fact is known to all. →The fact that_sea_water_cannot_be_used_for_drinking_directly is known to all.(同位语从句) 6．Last month，some researchers made a new study about DNA Test，and it appeared in the medical field. →A new study about DNA Test conducted_by_some_researchers last month appeared in the medical field.(用conduct改写句子) 1．desire n．渴望，欲望v.渴望；希望得到；想要 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之申请信)Additionally, I have a strong desire to devote myself to the development and construction of our country by using my professional knowledge. 此外，我非常渴望运用自己的专业知识，致力于祖国的发展和建设。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)have a strong desire (2)desire to do sth.　　　渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth. 希望某人做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth. 　　 希望……做某事 (3)desirable adj. 可取的；值得拥有的 名师指津：desire 后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋) do/be done。 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷写作)If you desire to_challenge (challenge) yourself, there is nothing to do with others' thoughts. ②(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view is a desirable (desire) annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond. ③The teacher was deeply touched by their desire for knowledge. ④Since you have_a_strong_desire_to_learn_Chinese,_I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you. 既然你非常渴望学习汉语，我认为北京语言大学是你理想的去处。 (2)句型转换 ⑤The police desired the witness to describe what had happened the day before. →The police desired that the witness (should)_describe_what_had_happened the day before. 2．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的，显著的 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之环境保护)The Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. 亚马孙雨林在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)It is significant that ...很明显…… (2)significance n. 意义；意思；重要性 be of significance to ... 对……有重要意义 attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要(to为介词) (3)significantly adv. 显著地；有重大意义地 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子) 　 ①(2022·全国甲卷)Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant (significance) thing happened in Sydney, Australia. ②She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to educating (educate) them. ③Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly (significant) greater sense of belonging. ④There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is_of_great_significance_to Chinese cultural diversity. 毫无疑问，保护传统文化对中国文化的多样性具有重要意义。 ⑤It_is_significant_that taking proper exercise every day is good for us. 很明显，每天进行适当的锻炼对我们有好处。 3．attach v．系，绑；贴；认为有重要性；附上 |助|表|达|　 (2023·浙江1月高考写作)Through this activity, I have attached great significance to cherishing the plants. 通过参加这次活动，我认识到了爱护植物的重要性。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)attach ...to ...　　附在……上；把……固定 attach importance/significance to ...认为……重要 (2)attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的 be attached to 依恋；附属于 (3)attachment n. 附件，附属物；依恋；忠诚 名师指津：attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card attached to it，saying “Happy Birthday！” ②She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco－friendly. ③The scientist's attachment (attach) to his homeland drove him to return from abroad. ④In addition，the hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood. ⑤You can never attach_too_much_importance_to reading during the course of learning language. 在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。 4．in terms of谈及；就……而言；在……方面 |助|表|达|　 (续写之环境描写)Living in a remote area we had a hard time in terms of transportation. 我们住在偏远地区，交通不便。 |精|归|纳|　 in the long term/run　　　 从长远来看 in the short term/run 从短期来看 be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好 come to terms with 与……妥协/达成协议 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of many ways. ②It's not easy for her to come to terms with the fact that she is unemployed. ③You should remain on_good_terms_with your neighbours. 你应该和邻居搞好关系。 ④This kind of urban planning is in_the_long_term/_run cheaper and more practical, compared with the way most urban planning is done today. 长远来说，与现在大多数城市规划方式相比，这种城市规划方式更经济、更实用。 语境迁移应用(运用本单元知识完成下列语段) 主题语境——发明创造 Nowadays, ①many_capable_people_desire_to_invent (许多有能力的人渴望发明) stuff that can make people's life easier, which is significant. ②For_example (例如), many talented (用本单元词汇替换加黑词：③brilliant) housewives make a lot of extraordinary minor inventions, which is a proof that everyone can make a difference to our life beyond our own expectations. Some fail many times but they ④never_say_never (永不言弃). They ⑤conduct_experiments (进行实验) over and over again until they're satisfied. [课时作业评价] 主题阅读集群训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·重庆七校模拟)When Virginia Norwood was in high school in the 1940s, her guidance teacher advised her to become a librarian instead of a physicist. Luckily, she ignored him. “I was always enthusiastic about mathematical problems and physics，” said Norwood. Also, her father, an electrical engineer, was very important to her. By 1972, Norwood, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate and engineer at Hughes Aircraft Company, had designed a vital component of Landsat 1, the first satellite launched into space to monitor Earth's surface. Satellites in the Landsat series still provide valuable data to scientists worldwide and Landsat 9 was successfully launched on 27 September, 2021, almost 50 years after the first one. Norwood's contribution was the multispectral scanner (多光谱扫描仪) — a sensor that could be calibrated while in space to accurately detect red, green, and infrared (红外线的) energy reflected from Earth and could transmit (传输) data digitally to researchers on the ground. The scanner enabled scientists to track forest loss, crop productivity, and the spread of deserts, and to map inaccessible features of Earth's physical structures such as glaciers and ice sheets. “She cleared the way for an entire generation of ... Earth observation instruments，” says Jeffrey Masek, a Landsat project scientist. Norwood's device was included in the first several satellites launched through the Landsat program. Other satellites have since surpassed the Landsat series in resolution and scanning abilities, but the continuity of the Landsat database over the decades makes it a gold standard in Earth imaging. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Virginia Norwood从小梦想成为一名物理学家，长大后在物理领域做出了巨大的贡献的故事。 1．What inspired Norwood to pursue physics? A．Her interest in the subject. B．Her father's job as a physicist. C．Her guidance teacher's advice. D．Her enthusiasm about the Landsat program. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘I was always enthusiastic about mathematical problems and physics，’ said Norwood.”可知，Virginia Norwood致力于物理学是因为她对这一学科的热爱。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “calibrated” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Detected. 　　　　　 B．Described. C．Adjusted. D．Reflected. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线单词所在的句子可知，多光谱扫描仪是可以在太空中进行校准的传感器，以保证其精确度，故画线单词表示“校准”，与Adjusted同义。故选C。 3．What is the author's attitude towards the Landsat series? A．Appreciative. B．Contradictory. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Satellites in the ... scientists worldwide”以及最后一段中“the continuity of ... in Earth imaging”可知，陆地卫星系列中的卫星仍然为世界各地的科学家提供有价值的数据，且几十年来陆地卫星数据库的连续性使其成为地球成像的黄金标准，由此可推知，作者对于陆地卫星系列持赞赏的态度。故选A。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A Joint Effort to Monitor Earth's Surface B．Meet the Landsat Pioneer — Virginia Norwood C．A Great Contribution — the Multispectral Scanner D．Satellites Launched Through the Landsat Program 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了陆地卫星计划的先驱者Virginia Norwood的事迹，所以“认识陆地卫星先驱者Virginia Norwood”可以作为文章标题。故选B。 B (2024·福建厦门统考模拟)Dressed in a shiny metallic suit, Katia Krafft's small frame is overshadowed by the red curtain of molten rock that bursts from the ground before her. The dramatic moment was captured in a photo taken atop Iceland's Krafla volcano in 1984, during the final breathing of a multi－year－long eruption. Looking at the image, one can almost feel the volcano's heat, hear its roar, and sense Krafft's heart pounding as the volcanologist does what she loves most: bearing witness to our planet's strong anger. Katia Krafft was a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field. She was born in the Rhine valley of northeast France in 1942, at the time of World War Ⅱ. The chaotic human world drove both Katia and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a volcanologist, to seek comfort in nature. The moment a volcano exploded, they dropped everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event. The Kraffts used their videos of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of these disasters. It changed the ability to communicate volcano science. Their videos are credited as one of the primary reasons that officials in the Philippines took the warning signs of Mount Pinatubo's eruption in 1991 seriously. Yet the Kraffs didn't live to see that eruption. The couple died less than two weeks earlier in Japan during a monstrous eruption, which claimed 41 other lives. Katia's impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has encouraged many young women to study our restless planet. “Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I'm doing this job，” says Carla Tiraboschi, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Münster, Germany. Tiraboschi first saw Katia in a documentary when she was just six or seven years old and has been crazy about volcanoes ever since. She now studies the processes at work deep below the volcanic peaks. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了法国火山学家Katia Krafft和丈夫一起一生追逐危险的活火山，留下的图像与影像帮助传播火山科学，并激励更多的人从事火山研究的故事。 5．What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 1? A．The importance of volcanology. B．The damage of a volcanic eruption. C．The difficulty of filming volcanoes. D．Katia Krafft's passion for her work. 解析：选D　推理判断题。第一段通过对一张照片的描述告诉我们火山学家Katia Krafft对于研究活火山这一工作非常热爱。故选D。 6．What can we know about the videos of explosive eruptions? A．They prevented a natural disaster. B．They served as a warning in Japan. C．They helped spread volcano science. D．They covered Mount Pinatubo's eruption. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Kraffts used their videos of explosive eruptions ... took the warning signs of Mount Pinatubo's eruption in 1991 seriously.”可知，Krafft夫妇用拍摄的火山爆炸性喷发视频解释这些灾难的复杂风险和不确定性，帮助传播火山的科学知识。故选C。 7．How did Katia influence Carla Tiraboschi? A．Katia's death made her restless. B．Katia helped her with her research. C．Katia's deeds inspired her career choice. D．Katia taught her to make a documentary. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Carla Tiraboschi受Katia Krafft的事迹的鼓舞，选择从事火山研究。故选C。 8．Which of the following best describes Katia Krafft? A．Creative and honest. B．Brave and enthusiastic. C．Ambitious and outgoing. D．Determined and generous. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Krafft对于追逐研究危险的活火山充满热情；根据第二段段首的“fearless”以及整段内容可知，Katia面对火山喷发的危险勇敢无畏。因此，B选项最适合描述Katia Krafft。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 5G mobile technology has officially been rolled out across the globe, which indicates a dynamic acceleration (加速) in our world of connectivity.It promotes operational cooperation that tourism hasn't experienced before. __9__ This is perceived from both the way the industry operates and the side of the traveler. __10__ It's expected to offer organizations a wireless network that transforms the way people and machines use data.Unlike previous network generations, 5G is now being seen as not just a consumer platform, but a primary communications platform that can also provide cloud connectivity and edge processing that can offer real－time business insights and automated responses, and eventually integrate the billions of Internet of Things devices and data that are available. As travel companies have transformed their operations with new digital systems, their focus has moved from the technology itself to the improved business outcomes and enhanced guest and passenger experiences driven by the technology. __11__ With advanced connectivity speeds and low latency, guests can share their personal data to receive custom recommendations from travel companies in real time that should provide meaningful experiences. __12__ For example, guests can involve themselves in viewing rooms and hotel facilities, or preview local attractions as they plan their trips. To prepare to roll out this new technology, travel companies should ensure they have a thorough understanding of their guests' expectations on what makes a first－rank travel experience. __13__ A．It also transforms the travel experience. B．5G's capabilities can support that change. C．5G offers significant security guarantee definitely. D．However, people haven't got well－prepared for the 5G era. E．Virtual experiences give guests an early taste of the destination. F．5G opens up a new way of accessing information and delivering business value. G．Then they should find ways to adapt their processes and services to meet them. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了5G技术的发展给旅游业带来了运作方式上的改变。 9．选A　根据上文可知，5G技术促进了旅游运营合作；根据下文可知，从行业的运作方式和旅客的角度都可以看出这一点。据此可以推知，空处应该是讲5G给旅游业带来的改变。故A项承上启下，符合语境。 10．选F　根据下文可知，本段主要介绍5G在通信方面带来的改变，故F项能概括本段主旨，符合语境。 11．选B　根据上文可知，随着旅游公司用新的数字系统改变了它们的运营方式，它们的重点已经从技术本身转移到了改善业务成果和提高由技术驱动的旅客体验上；B项中的“that change”与上文相呼应，符合语境。 12．选E　根据下文可知，客人可以参观房间和酒店设施，或者在计划行程时预览当地景点；据此可知，空处应该是讲客人可以用网络技术提前体验旅游设施。故E项衔接下文，且E项中的“guests”与下文的“guests”相呼应。 13．选G　根据上文可知，为了准备推出这项新技术，旅游公司应该确保它们彻底了解客人对一流旅游体验的期望；据此可以推知，下文应陈述旅游公司在了解客人对旅游体验的期望后所采取的措施。故G项承接上文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11－year－old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she __14__ the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention. What __15__ Gitanjali's work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn't __16__ to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren't very __17__，” she recalled. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and __18__ found that carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali __19__ to build a small blue housing using the 3D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under __20__ from her computer science teacher, gives instant __21__ and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device. The process of designing her project wasn't always __22__， though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, __23__ along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also __24__ her parents with constant support and __25__ to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received D|S25,000 to further develop her program along with the great __26__ of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who __27__ Gitanjali, “She shows a lot of motivation to solve __28__ issues through science.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。年仅11岁的女孩Gitanjali Rao在父母与老师的支持和帮助下成功开发了一款可以测试水中化学物质的应用程序，因此获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。 14．A.earned　　　　　　　 B．designed C．offered D．made 解析：选A　根据上文的“her scientific spirit makes a huge difference”并结合空后的“the top prize”可知，此处表示她赢得了最高奖项，故选A。 15．A.exposed B．improved C．defined D．inspired 解析：选D　根据下文的“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water”以及“The test strips may show inaccurate results”可知，Gitanjali的灵感来自她所在的城市因水中含铅量过高而面临水危机，故选D。 16．A.stick B．belong C．occur D．apply 解析：选C　此处表示直到女孩看到父母尽力做水测试，她才有了这个想法。occur to sb.“(主意或想法)突然浮现于某人头脑中，使某人突然想到”，故选C。 17．A.simple B．reliable C．predictable D．creative 解析：选B　根据上文的“The test strips may show inaccurate results”可知，试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，故选B，表示试纸不可靠。 18．A.initially B．immediately C．temporarily D．eventually 解析：选D　句中的searched for和found表示两个顺承的动作，此处表示她随后继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质，故选D。 19．A.managed B．promised C．pretended D．happened 解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处表示她利用学校的3D打印机，成功地用电脑芯片和电池建造了一个蓝色的外壳，故选A。 20．A.observation B．command C．instruction D．control 解析：选C　根据空后的“from her computer science teacher”可知，她在计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一款免费的应用程序，故选C。 21．A.access B．results C．decisions D．approval 解析：选B　根据空后的“sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device”可知，该应用程序可以即时显示结果并通过连接的设备将数据发送到与之相连的手机上，故选B。 22．A.optional B．complete C．continuous D．smooth 解析：选D　根据空后的though可知，此处表示她设计项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺，故选D。 23．A.changed B．risked C．helped D．followed 解析：选C　既然设计过程不是一帆风顺，所以她的科学家导师在这个过程中都在帮助她，故选C。 24．A.stressed B．credited C．impressed D．provided 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示在颁奖典礼上，她认为这也是父母的功劳，因为他们一直支持和鼓励她尝试“疯狂的想法”，故选B。 25．A.encouragement B．request C．struggle D．pressure 解析：选A　句中的support与该空为并列关系。根据上文并结合常识可知，此处表示她认为这也是父母的功劳，因为他们一直支持和鼓励她去尝试，故选A。 26．A.fortune B．intention C．honor D．potential 解析：选C　她所获得的25 000美元一方面是为了进一步开发她的应用程序，另一方面也作为她赢得此次比赛的巨大荣誉，故选C。 27．A.keeps up with B．gets along with C．takes care of D．speaks highly of 解析：选D　根据Shafer所说的话“She shows a lot of motivation to solve ______ issues through science.”可知，Shafer对Gitanjali高度评价，故选 D。 28．A.commercial B．practical C．academic D．systematic 解析：选B　Gitanjali通过努力，开发了一款应用程序，极大地提高了做水质测试的准确率，她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的巨大动力，故选 B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$