必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 第2课时（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版2019）

第2课时——强化表达功·写作短板的专项补弱 1．as if/though引导表语从句或方式状语从句 (1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。 (2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。 ①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)； ②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)； ③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。 (3)as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。 |先|学|通|(通过句子变换把握句式特点)　 ①The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.(状语从句的省略) →The old man was lying on the ground as_if_badly_hurt. ②You acted as if you were to say something important.(状语从句的省略) →You acted as_if_to_say_something_important. |再|写|美|(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)　 ③(2021·浙江6月高考写作)一靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。 Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking sad. It_seemed_as_if_something_unpleasant_happened. ④杰克什么也没说，但老师对他笑了笑，好像他做了一件非常聪明的事。 Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as_if_he_had_done_something_very_clever. 2．be doing ... when ...“正在做……这时……” 此结构中when用作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”。其他类似句型还有： be about to do ...when ...正要做……这时…… be on the point of doing ...when ...正要做……这时…… had (just/hardly) done ... when ... 刚做完……就……(hardly置于句首，主句用部分倒装) |先|学|通|(通过句子变换把握句式特点)　 ①Having just finished my homework, I was ordered to do some housework. →I had_just_finished_my_homework_when I was ordered to do some housework. ②She was walking along the bank of the river, and just at that time she heard a cry for help. →She was_walking_along_the_bank_of_the_river_when she heard a cry for help. ③I had hardly got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it. →Hardly had_I_got_home_when_I_took_out_my_suitcase and packed my necessities into it. |再|写|美|(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)　 ④她正要把花送给李先生，突然摔倒在地。 She_was_about_to_present_Mr_Li_with_the_flowers_when_she_fell_to_the_ground. ⑤当我在海浪中伸手去抓她时，一堵水墙向我袭来。 I_was_reaching_for_her_in_the_waves_when_a_wall_of_water_dashed_over_me. ⑥我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。 I_had_just/hardly_escaped_from_the_burning_house_when_it_fell_to_the_ground. 1．赏意境之美 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. 写法领悟：在该段文字中，作者用叙述性语言生动形象地描述了唐山大地震前乡村里发生的种种怪异事件。整个描述中，作者使用了许多生动的细节和形象的描绘，使得读者能够感受到现场的氛围和动物们的情绪。这种写作方式不仅增强了读者的阅读体验，还使得叙述内容更加生动和引人入胜。 2．赏修辞之美 Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away ... Slowly, the city began to breathe again ...Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet ... 写法领悟：该部分文字中的句子分别使用了比喻和拟人的修辞，将散落的砖块比作秋叶，城市开始呼吸，唐山振作起来。它们形象地描写出了大地震后的凄惨景象和震后人们对家园重建后的努力和期待。 [针对练笔]　(依据提示完成句子) ① The crickets were_playing_the_violin deep in the grass. 蟋蟀在草丛深处拉小提琴。 ②Outside the window was a restless, whispering_wind. The room became light and dark, for the moon was_playing_hide­and­seek_with the clouds. 窗外刮着风，烦躁不安，低声絮语。月亮与云彩玩着捉迷藏，房间里忽明忽暗。 [命题导向] 本单元以“自然灾害”为主题，属于人与自然主题语境。命制读后续写时，常常侧重于“自然灾害救助”。前文一般会描写灾难发生的情况，以及人们的初步反应和处理。这种描写通常充满紧张和挑战，构成了故事情节的冲突和紧张点。续写部分往往是关于人们如何团结协作，克服困难，以及救援行动的进展和结果。这部分内容应描写出人们的勇敢、坚毅、智慧和爱心，显示出人性的光辉。了解自然灾害及救助措施，旨在引导学生学会防灾避灾和科学的救助措施，承担社会责任，积极参与救援活动。　　 构建语义场 (一)自然灾害 1．in the open air　　　　　　 露天；在户外 2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 3．in shock 震惊；吃惊 4．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 5．bring about 引起；导致 6．The whole city was in shock, and the air was filled with dust and screams of those trapped and those who couldn't find their loved ones. 整个城市陷入了震惊，空气中充满了尘土和被困者的尖叫声，以及那些找不到亲人的人的呼喊声。 7．The hurricane brought strong winds and heavy rain, causing flooding and power shutdowns. 飓风带来了强风和暴雨，导致洪水泛滥和停电。 8．The earthquake caused widespread damage to buildings and infrastructure. 地震对建筑物和基础设施造成了广泛的破坏。 9．The typhoon left behind a trail of destruction, with downed trees and power lines. 台风过后留下了一片狼藉，树木倒塌、电线中断。 (二)灾难救助 1．first aid kit 急救箱 2．on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 3．be filled with 充满 4．respond quickly 迅速反应 5．medical supplies 医疗用品 6．rescue groups 搜救队 7．With every breath filled with dust, they began their efforts to rescue those trapped. 呼吸中还带有灰尘，他们就开始努力营救那些被困的人。 8．Some built temporary shelters in the open air, using whatever materials they could find. 有些人在露天地方用他们能找到的任何材料搭建临时避难所。 (三)灾后重建 1．be affected by 受……影响 2．be faced with 面对 3．in spite of 尽管 4．show great strength 展现巨大的力量 5．take on a new look 呈现新面貌 6．The survivors were determined to rebuild their lives. 幸存者们决心重建他们的生活。 7．They united together, transforming their grief into a driving force to survive and rebuild. 他们团结在一起，将他们的悲痛转化为生存和重建的驱动力。 8．Volunteers worked tirelessly to rescue, provide aid, and to revive their city. 志愿者们不知疲倦地工作，进行救援，提供援助，以振兴他们的城市。 平时勤练笔 写作任务——读后续写的片段训练 (一)语境片段训练(依据提示补全下列语段) 1．描述自然灾害(海啸) In a small coastal town, an ordinary day ①turned_into (变成) a nightmare when ②a_volcanic_eruption (火山喷发) brought about a massive tsunami. Houses and streets ③were_flooded (被淹没) in an instant. The once crowded town was now ④in_ruins (破败不堪), with nothing left but ⑤shocked_faces_of_the_survivors (幸存者震惊的面孔)．The earth trembled and buildings collapsed, trapping many people in the ruins. The whole city was ⑥in_shock (震惊), and the air was filled with dust and ⑦screams_of_those_trapped (被困者的尖叫声) and those who couldn't find their loved ones. 2．描述灾难救助的场景(紧急救助) In the midst of disaster, the local people had to ①respond_quickly (迅速反应). ②Some_built_temporary_shelters_in_the_open_air (一些人在露天建造临时避难所), using whatever materials they could find. Others ③organized_rescue_groups (组织搜救队) to find missing people, hoping to find them alive. In spite of the severe situation, the spirit of the community was not swept away. With every breath filled with dust, they began their efforts ④to_rescue_those_trapped (营救那些被困的人). They ⑤used_pipes (用管子) to communicate with those beneath the ruins, listening for faint whistles and tapping sounds. Meanwhile, ⑥temporary_clinics_were_set_up (临时诊所也建立起来), to treat those injured. In face of this emergency, they ⑦remained_calm (保持镇静)． 3．描述重建家园的过程(努力和希望) After the tsunami, the coastal town was left in ruins. ①The_surviving_people (幸存的人们), their lives ②completely_affected_by_the_disaster (完全被这场灾难影响), had to be faced with the destruction of their homes. Not only had the waves crashed into their town, but they had also caused many deaths. In spite of these circumstances, the survivors ③showed_great_strength (展现出了巨大的力量). They were not defeated. Instead, they united together，④transforming_their_grief_into_a_driving_force (把他们的悲痛转化为驱动力) to survive and rebuild.⑤Volunteers_worked_tirelessly (志愿者们不知疲倦地工作) to rescue, provide aid, and to revive their city. This was their city, and together, they would bring it back to life. (二)续写构思训练(根据提示构思、续写语段) 前情概述：一场毁灭性的地震造成了大面积的破坏，许多家庭失去了住所，基础设施遭到了严重的破坏。→这个曾经充满活力的社区在灾难面前几乎变得面目全非。→然而，尽管面对重创，社区的居民们并没有沉溺于绝望，他们携手并进，齐心协力开始了重建家园的工作。 场景1：社区开始了重建的任务。空气中充满了机器的轰鸣和锤子的节奏性敲击声，将瓦砾变成建筑。各行各业的人们齐心协力，他们的脸上带着坚定的决心。 The communities began the task of reconstruction. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 场景2：重建过程不仅仅是家园和基础设施的物理恢复。它是社区精神、共享价值和集体记忆的深刻重建。随着新的建筑的崛起，参与其中的人们的精神也随之升腾。 The process of rebuilding is more than the physical restoration of homes and facilities. 　 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： The communities began the task of reconstruction. The air was filled with the sound of machinery and the rhythmic tap of hammers, transforming ruins into structures. People from all walks of life came together, their faces lined with determination. Some cleared ruins, and some drafted architectural plans, while others contributed through supporting activities, such as preparing meals for the workers. These activities, though seemingly simple, made up the joint efforts of the recovering community. The process of rebuilding is more than the physical restoration of homes and facilities. It's a meaningful reestablishment of community spirit, shared values, and collective memories. As new structures rose, so did the spirit of those involved. The story of reconstruction is not merely a narrative of overcoming hardships, but also a beacon of hope, showing the power of community and human persistence in face of adversity. [课时作业评价]　　　　主题表达升格训练 Ⅰ.根据要求完成下列句子 1．(同义替换)Her words affected (＝had_an_effect_on) him, changing his perspective forever. 2．(完成句子)He talks about the fictional characters as_if_they_were_real_people (好像他们是真实的人)． 3．(完成句子)The city was_sleeping_when (这座城市正在睡梦中就在这时) the earthquake struck. 4．(完成句子)Our country has_a_good_supply_of (有丰富的) natural resources. 5．(完成句子)She spared_no_effort_to (不遗余力地) make her dream come true. 6．(一句多译)当我走过老街区时，我突然意识到这些年来发生了很多变化。 ①As I walked through the old neighborhood, it_struck_me_that much had changed over the years. ②As I walked through the old neighborhood, it_hit_me_that much had changed over the years. ③As I walked through the old neighborhood, it_occurred_to_me_that much had changed over the years. 7．(句型转换)The mountain was so steep that no one could climb without proper equipment. (改为简单句) →The_mountain_was_too_steep_to_climb_without_proper_equipment. 8．He buried himself in his research; as a result, he forgot to eat. →Burying_himself_in_his_research,_he forgot to eat.(用现在分词短语升级) →Buried_in_his_research,_he forgot to eat. (用过去分词短语升级) Ⅱ.语法填空 Yucun and Xidi, two villages in eastern China, __1__ (entitle) “Best Tourism Villages” by World Tourism Organization in 2021. The “Best Tourism Villages” initiative aims to promote the role of tourism in __2__ (protect) rural villages, along with their landscapes, natural and cultural diversity. The two villages will gain access to an exchange platform __3__ (sponsor) by World Tourism Organization and receive support from it. The village of Yucun, located in Anji County of east China's Zhejiang Province, is often referred to as a “beautiful town” as it's __4__ (environmental)conscious (有……意识的) that local authorities treasure the area's clear waters and green mountains. Back in the 1980s and 1990s, the village based its economy __5__ the area's high­quality mineral resources and became the __6__ (rich) community in Anji, but it also paid __7__ high price for pollution. In recent years, Yucun has made the effort __8__ (improve) its environment and by now it has become a popular tourist destination. Xidi, __9__ unique, elegant black tile (瓦片) roof wooden houses and decorative gate towers are well­known, is located just 40km from the Huangshan tourist attraction. Xidi ranks among China's ten most important historic and cultural __10__ (center)． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个被世界旅游组织评为“最佳旅游村”的村子——雨村和西递村。 1．were entitled　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语in 2021，谓语动词应为一般过去时，且主语Yucun and Xidi和动词entitle是被动关系，主语为复数。故填were entitled。 2．protecting　考查非谓语动词。空后是名词短语，空前有介词“in”可知，此处应为动名词作宾语。故填protecting。 3．sponsored　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰an exchange platform，且动词sponsor和被修饰词platform之间为动宾关系，故填sponsored。 4．environmentally　考查副词。空处应为副词修饰形容词conscious。故填environmentally。 5．on/upon　考查介词。固定搭配base ...on/upon ...“把……建立在……基础上”。故填on/upon。 6．richest　考查形容词。根据空前的定冠词“the”以及句意可知，空处应为形容词最高级。故填richest。 7．a　考查冠词。结合句意，空处应为不定冠词表示泛指。且空后词high为辅音音素开头，故填a。 8．to improve　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配make the effort to do sth.“努力做某事”。故填to improve。 9．whose　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的连接代词，指代先行词Xidi，为物，且关系词在从句中充当定语。故填whose。 10．centers　考查名词复数。根据“ten”且提示词为可数名词可知，空处应为名词复数。故填centers。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2024·沈阳质检)你校将以“节约粮食，减少浪费”为主题举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．浪费粮食的现象； 2．节约粮食的做法； 3．节约粮食的倡议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Say NO to Food Waste ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Say NO to Food Waste Food plays an important role in our daily life. However, we are sorry to see that food is being wasted at an alarming rate while millions of people are still going hungry every day. Fortunately, there are many things we can do to save food. One of the simplest ways to avoid food waste is to buy proper amount of food. Besides, we are supposed to think twice before throwing food away, urging ourselves to carry out the Empty Plate Campaign. Lastly，storing food correctly also contributes to less food loss. As high school students, it's our responsibility to say NO to food waste, which will benefit the world, now and in the future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$