专题1.9 语法系统课(8)定语从句（课件PPT）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版2019）

语法系统课(8)——定语从句 写作增分课(8)——申请自荐 第9周 定语从句 语法系统课（8） 考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句　 [高考体验] 1．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life ... 解析：that/which　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。 题点考法与用法规则 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 解析：as　分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 解析：that　空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词species，且在定语从句中作主语。因为先行词前面有all修饰，所以只能填关系代词that。 4．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 解析：who　分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Cao Shengkang，在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用who引导该定语从句。 5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. 解析：whose　设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词an artist，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。 [系统归纳] 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 ①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 ②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。 2．that和which的用法区别 (1)只用that的情况 ①先行词为 all、anything、everything、few、little、much 等不定代词或被all、any、few、little、no 等词修饰时； ②先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时； ④先行词被 the only、the very修饰时； ⑤主句中有 wh-型特殊疑问词时，为避免重复不用 which。 [巧学助记]　口诀记忆只用that不用which的情况：代高数，人和物，only、very不重复。 (2)只用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句时； ②关系代词前有介词时。 The novel attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 这部小说吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 3．as和which的区别 as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中或后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”，常作实义动词(如see, know, expect, say等)的宾语 which which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。” 考点2　关系副词引导的定语从句　 [高考体验] 1．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 解析：where　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 2．(2021·天津高考改编)In the spring, a season we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 解析：when　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的名词season，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 [系统归纳] 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所作成分 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词： time, day, year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词： place, country等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由或原因的 名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which ①The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 ②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain valuable experience. 学生们应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。 ③Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ [易错提醒] (1)先行词为 point, stage, position, situation, case, activity, career, job等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用where。 (2)先行词为 occasion, period, age 等表示抽象时间的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用when。　　 考点3　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 [高考体验] 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 解析：which　此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为an experiment，指物，关系代词只能用 which来引导。 2．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)There's never a stage which the system knows what it's talking about. 解析：at　此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为a stage，常和介词at搭配，故用at which来引导。 [系统归纳] 构成 句法功能 用法指津 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom 且不能省略 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 或whose 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 解题思维建模 强化训练与运用实践 一、单句语法填空 1．I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 2．We'll put off the picnic until next week, the weather may be better. 语法题点训练 where when 3．The news is published without checking whether it is a fact or not can create unnecessary confusion and extreme feelings among the common masses. 4．Awkward chat is gaining its place among young people ________have been living under a lot of pressure. 5．I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend, Zhang Ming, would guide me around Beijing. that/which who/that who 6．It has set an example to other museums in our country, most of _______seem to be still living in the days gone by. 7．The reason I want to have my shoes repaired in this shop is that the man works very carefully. 8．We will use new media to bring the shows to more ordinary people, will let them know about the modern development of Chinese arts. which why which 二、语篇填空(用恰当的关系词填空) There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, 3. I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4. teacher was a famous professor, communicated with me face to face, when why where whose from 5. I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did. My father and the guide 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8. I put my spare time. whom that/which who/that which Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words. 10. our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.” which As 1．杜绝常见错误，别让微瑕掩了美玉(查错并修改) ①Their child is at the stage which she can say individual words but not full sentences. [纠错]　_______________ [点拨]　先行词为stage，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，常用关系副词where引导。 写作语法运用 which改为where ②I received a note. It says “September 30 is the day by that you must pay your bill”． [纠错]　______________ [点拨]　 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 that改为which 2．写对更要写美，彰显深厚写作功底(完成句子) ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)不言而喻，海洋在世界上发挥着至关重要的作用，我们从中获得丰富的资源和食物。 It goes without saying that oceans play a critical role in the world,_____________________________________________. ②我尊敬我的叔叔，他是一名医生，他的经历深深地激励了我。 I respect my uncle_________________________________________ . from which we obtain abundant resources and food who is a doctor and whose experience has inspired me deeply ③我们一大早就到达了这个因其有机产品而享有良好声誉的农场。 We arrived at the farm ____________________________________ early in the morning. that/which enjoys a good reputation for its organic products 3．真金需要打磨，一变效果非凡 ①At dinner, a talk took place in my family and my considerate father and mother put forward practical suggestions. [升级]___________________________________________________　 (关系副词引导的定语从句) At dinner, a talk took place in my family, where my considerate father and mother put forward practical suggestions. ②Our school sports team is second to none in our city, with excellent athletes. They have won many gold medals in various competitions. [升级]　 (关系代词引导的定语从句) Our school sports team is second to none in our city, with excellent athletes who have won many gold medals in various competitions. ③I am grateful to Mr White. Without his help I couldn't have made so much progress in my English study. [升级]___________________________________________________　 (“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) I am grateful to Mr White, without whose help I couldn't have made so much progress in my English study. [点拨]　定语从句的“三步”写作法 申请自荐[嵌入语法：运用定语从句，让表达更确切] 写作增分课（8） 考场写作时——做到“要点”与“出彩”齐飞 [典题示例] (2023·天津高考改编)你在英国一所学校作交换生，学校要办一个名为 Chinese Workshop 的促进中英文化交流的活动。你需要写一封申请信，内容要点如下： 1．推荐中国美食、手工艺品和书法作为活动项目，并且活动应有一项是教别人做中国传统的东西； 2．描述这项活动的意义，并申请参加此活动； 3．阐述参加内容及原因。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。　　 一、“2步骤”找全要点——保基本分 (一)显性要点题干找 1．活动描述： ①I learned that a culture exchange event, named Chinese Workshop will be held by our school. 2．自我介绍： ②I'm an exchange student studying here. 3．申请参加此活动： ③I would like to join and do something for this event. 4．给出活动建议： ④I suggest the event should include Chinese cuisines, handicrafts and calligraphy. ⑤It would add to enthusiasm and a touch of the unexpected if we teach students how to make traditional Chinese items. (二)隐性要点关联好 1．说明提出该活动建议的原因及意义： ⑥They have become icons of Chinese culture and could help British students know Chinese culture. 2．介绍自己参加的活动内容及原因： ⑦Chinese paper-cutting is what I'm good at. ⑧I am thrilled to share my skills. 3．表达愿望： ⑨I would be very appreciated to get your permission to be part of this event. 二、“2层面”注重完善——打造亮点 (一)高级词汇抓住眼(升格③⑥句中的加蓝词汇) 1．join→____________ 2．do something for→_____________ 3．know→___________________________ participate in contribute to have a good understanding of (二)高级句式点亮篇(按要求升级句子) 1．用分词作状语及介词短语作状语合并①②③句 Learning that a culture exchange event, named Chinese Workshop will be held by our school, as an exchange student studying here, I would like to participate in and contribute to this event. 2．用“代词＋of＋which”合并④⑥句 I suggest the event should include Chinese cuisines, handicrafts and calligraphy, all of which have become icons of Chinese culture and could help British students have a good understanding of Chinese culture. 3．用for example及定语从句连接⑤⑦句 It would add to enthusiasm and a touch of the unexpected if we teach students how to make traditional Chinese items, for example, Chinese paper-cutting, which is what I'm good at. 三、“2方面”打造高颜值——“语”顺“形”美 (誊写成文，注意逻辑衔接和行文规范) Dear Sir/Madam， Learning that a culture exchange event, named Chinese Workshop will be held by our school, as an exchange student studying here, I would like to participate in and contribute to this event. I suggest the event should include Chinese cuisines, handicrafts and calligraphy, all of which have become icons of Chinese culture and could help British students have a good understanding of Chinese culture. Besides, it would add to enthusiasm and a touch of the unexpected if we teach students how to make traditional Chinese items, for example, Chinese paper-cutting, which is what I'm good at. And I am thrilled to share my skills. I would be very appreciated to get your permission to be part of this event. Yours sincerely， Li Hua [高分评点] (一)学谋篇布局 本文是“总分总”的结构，先引入想要申请的活动，然后提出自己对活动的看法、阐明自己的优势、能为活动作出的贡献，最后照应开头，重提申请要求，强调写信目的。整篇文章有理有据、重点突出，具有较强的说服力。 (二)学靓丽表达 1. 本文运用了较多高级表达，多种非谓语形式、介词短语、主从复合句交替出现，增加了句式的层次性，尤其是定语从句“all of which have ...”及“which is ...”的使用让描述更加准确和更有说服力，展现了深厚的写作功底。 2．“I would like to participate in ...”及“I would be very appreciated to get your permission to ...”为申请信的常用表达，语气委婉、诚恳。 3．高级词块participate in, contribute to, become icons of, have a good understanding of, a touch of the unexpected等的使用增加了文采，丰富了文章的表现力。 平时学习时——做到“仿写”与“背诵”齐抓 一、内化写作范式，确保形体规范 Dear Sir/Madam， I'm (简单的自我介绍). I'm writing to apply for the position as _____________(申请的具体职位)． I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because_______ (说明为什么申请)．I have a good command of (优势一). Besides, I am (优势二)．If I can be chosen, I can (如果被选中能做什么)．I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 二、写好开头、结尾，力求吸人眼球 (一)开头部分：介绍自己，简要说明信息来源，并提出申请 1．I'm writing to apply for the job/post/position as ... 2．I am writing to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for ... 3．I am more than delighted to read your ... and I'm writing to apply for being ... 4．I learned from sb./the website that your company wants to hire ... 5．I read the announcement of ... that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. (二)结尾部分：请求给予机会，期望回复 1．I will be much grateful if you can give me the opportunity./I will appreciate it if I can be chosen for the job. 2．I do hope my enthusiasm and qualification will win me a favorable consideration from your side. 3．If given the opportunity, I'll be more than delighted to work for ...and be surely devoted to the job. 4．I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 三、多积鲜活佳句，做到意蕴丰富 1．If given the chance, I'll show foreign friends around our city, getting them to know more about the real life and culture in China. 如果被给予机会，我会带外国朋友参观我们的城市，让他们更多地了解中国的真实生活和文化。 2．As an Image Ambassador, not only can I spread Chinese culture, but also I can put my talent into good use. 作为一名形象大使，我不仅可以传播中国文化，而且可以充分运用我的特长。 3．In addition, such a learning experience is not only a great chance for me to improve myself, but also a precious opportunity to spread Chinese culture to British friends. 此外，这样的学习经历不仅是我提高自己的绝佳机会，也是向英国朋友传播中国文化的宝贵机会。 4．On the whole, I am qualified to be a volunteer. I hope to help out people in need and reward our society as soon as possible. 总之，我有资格成为一名志愿者。我希望能尽快帮助有需要的人，回报我们的社会。 $$