专题1.6 语法系统课(5)情态动词与虚拟语气（课件PPT）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版2019）

语法系统课(5)——情态动词与虚拟语气 写作增分课(5)——事情告知 第6周 情态动词与虚拟语气 语法系统课（5） 题点考法与用法规则 一、情态动词 考点1　情态动词的基本用法　 [高考体验] 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 解析：be employed　分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语a simple lyric form和动词employ之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前有情态动词，故填be employed。 2．(2023·全国乙卷改编)The remarkable development of this city means there is always something new to discover here, and I could____ (photograph) Beijing for the next 50 years. 解析：be photographing　根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。由时间状语“for the next 50 years”表示持续一段时间，故用现在进行时态。空前有情态动词，故填be photographing。 3．(2020·天津高考改编) Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. 解析：can　句意：吉姆说只要我们保持房子干净整洁，我们就可以暂住在他的房子里。can在句中表示允许、许可，意为“可以”。 [系统归纳] 1．can, could ·表示能力，意为“能，会”。 ·表示请求和允许，意为“可以”。 ·在疑问句中can还可用could, might代替，不是表示过去，而是使语气更委婉，但不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ①Can you lift this heavy box? 你能举起这个沉重的箱子吗？ ② —Could I go to see you tomorrow? —Yes, you can.( No, I'm afraid not.) ——我明天能去看你吗？ ——是的，你可以。(不，恐怕不行。) 2．may, might ·表示请求和允许。 ·用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 ·might比may语气更委婉，而不是表示过去。 ·肯定性应答要用can或may而不用could或might。否定回答时可用can't 或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。 ①—May/Might I take this book out of the room? —Yes, you can/may. (No, you can't/mustn't.) ——我可以把这本书带出房间吗？ ——是的，你可以。(不，你不可以。) ②May you succeed! 祝你/您成功！ 3．will, would ·表示请求、建议等，would比will语气更委婉。 ·表示意志、愿望和决心。 ·would表示过去反复发生。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 ①Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请你把球递给我好吗？ ②I will never do that again. 我再也不会那样做了。 ③During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 在假期里，他每隔一天都会来看我。 4．must, have to ·表示必须、必要。 ·在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定回答，不能用mustn't (禁止，不准)，而用needn't/don't have to (不必)。 ·must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有其他时态形式。 ①Whatever happens, you must come in time. 不管发生什么，你都必须及时来。 ②I must really go now. 现在我真的必须走了。 ③I had to work when I was your age. 我像你这么大的时候不得不工作。 5．dare, need ·dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，过去式为dared。 ·need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句中。在肯定回答时一般用must，否定回答用needn't。 ·dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化，都可以接带to的动词不定式。 ①How dare you say I'm unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平？ ②—Need I finish the work today? —Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.) ——我今天需要完成这项工作吗？ ——是的，你必须。(不，你不需要。) 6．shall, should, ought to shall (1)shall用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，意为“将要，将会”。 (2)shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方决心、 命令或指示，意为“必须，一定，应该” 。 should (1)表示“应该”，在疑问句中常用should代替ought to。“should＋have done” 表示本应该做但实际上没有做； (2)表示“吃惊”，作“居然，竟然”讲。 ought to ought to意为“应该，应当”，没有人称和数的变化。ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn‘t to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。多数情况下，ought to可与should互换。 续表 ①You shall fail if you don't work hard. 如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。 ②It's a pity that you should be so careless. 很遗憾，你竟然如此粗心。 ③You ought not to/should not be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。 考点2　情态动词的推测性用法及“情态动词＋have done” [高考体验] 1．(2023·全国甲卷改编)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people take responsibility for saving their environment. 解析：must　根据语境可知，用于肯定句中，表示“一定，必须”，故填情态动词must。 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)When he got older, John started to wonder if this process be used to clean up the messes people were making. 解析：could　由语境可知，设空处表示一种可能性，故填could。 3．(2020·天津高考)You have scolded him for his poor performance.After all, he had done his best. 解析：shouldn't　句意：你本不应该因为他表现不佳而责备他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。shouldn't have done sth.“本不应该做某事”，符合语境。 [系统归纳] 1．推测性用法 情态动词 用法 must 只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定；必定”。 can/could 用于疑问句中，意为“可能”；用于否定句中，意为“不可能”，语气强烈。 may/might 用于肯定句中表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。 ①This can't be done by him.How can this be true? 他不可能这么做。这怎么可能是真的？ ②You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友，所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 [名师指津] (1)肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could； (2)表示对现在的推测用“情态动词＋do”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”； (3)语气的肯定程度：must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。 2．“情态动词＋have done” 的含义和用法   含义和用法 must have done 过去一定做过……(肯定句) can/could have done 过去不可能做过……(否定句) 过去可能做过……吗？(疑问句) could have done 本来能做但实际上却未做(肯定句) may/might have done 过去可能做过……(肯定句) 过去可能没有做过……(否定句) should/ought to have done 本来应该做但实际上未做……(肯定句) 本来不应该做而实际上做了……(否定句) needn't have done 没必要做而实际上做了…… 续表 ①It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。 ②Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了。这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 ③He needn't have hurried to the station.There's enough time to catch the train. 他本来没必要匆忙赶往车站的。有足够的时间赶上火车。 二、虚拟语气 考点1　虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气　 [高考体验] 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)She (struggle) with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. 解析：would have struggled　根据句意“如果没有贝利的帮助，她会在极度疼痛中挣扎着到达那个医疗检查点。”可知，设空处是对过去的虚拟，句子属于含蓄条件句，故填would have struggled。 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)If I (lack) confidence in myself, I wouldn't have won the writing contest. 解析：had lacked　由语境可知，空处是对过去的虚拟，if条件从句中应用过去完成时。 3．(2020·江苏高考改编)If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I (not be) where I am. 解析：wouldn't/shouldn't/mightn't be　分析可知此处是错综时间的虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。故主句用would/should/might not＋动词原形。 [系统归纳] 1．if虚拟条件句 (1)基本构成 时间 if从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be常用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/ might＋动词原形 过去式(be常用were) were to＋动词原形 续表 (2)错综时间虚拟条件句 当从句和主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。 If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now. 要不是你一言不发地离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反) (3)省略if的倒装句 if虚拟条件状语从句中出现were, had, should时，可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。 Had he caught the morning bus, he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他赶上了早班公交车，他就不会开会迟到了。 2．含蓄条件句 ·有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。 ·用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 ·虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 ①We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你们的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 ②I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 我那天病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。 ③I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day. 我本来可以演讲的，但是那天我感冒了。 考点2　虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法　 [高考体验] 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates (be) independent. 解析：(should) be　根据require后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气可知，此处应填(should) be。 2．(2022·浙江1月高考改编)I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I (be) there. 解析：weren't　根据语境可知，此处表示对“现在”的虚拟，be动词用were，由语境可知，表示否定，故填weren't。 3．(2022·浙江1月高考改编)I tried to make the best of it and didn't say anything for fear that I (make) things worse. 解析：would make　根据语境可知，此处表示对“将来”的虚拟，故填would make。 4．(2019·天津高考) Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I (be) there. 解析：had been　根据“was”和“felt”可知，as if后为对过去情况的虚拟，因此用过去完成时。 5．(2018·江苏高考) There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved. 解析：had　根据句意可知，动词wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。此处表示与现在的情况相反，故用动词的一般过去时。 [系统归纳] 1．主语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)某些It is/was＋形容词/过去分词/名词＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，should可省略。 It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hour's exercise every day. 中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。 (2)用于本句型常见的形容词、过去分词、名词如下： 形容词 necessary, important, impossible, desirable, best, right, advisable, essential, urgent等。 过去分词 通常表示提议、要求、命令等，如suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised等。 名词 pity, regret, desire, rule, shame, honor, surprise等。 2．宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)宾语从句在表示“提议”“要求”“命令”“意志”等动词后，其谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”结构表示虚拟。常见的此类动词有insist (坚持要求，坚决主张), order, command, advise, suggest (建议), propose, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, urge, arrange, desire, intend, direct等。 I suggested that necessary measures (should) be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations. 我建议采取必要措施来保护儿童远离危险的境地。 [名师指津] 当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。 (2)wish后接that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为： 时间 从句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 would/could/might＋动词原形 (3)would rather后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为： 时间 从句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对过去的虚拟 对将来的虚拟 had＋过去分词 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)句子主语是表示“要求”“建议”“劝告”“主张”“命令”“决定”等行为动词派生出来的同根名词时，其表语从句常用虚拟语气“(should)＋动词原形”结构。这类名词有suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement等。 Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 我们唯一的要求是这事尽可能快地解决。 (2)虚拟语气可用于as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句： 时间 从句谓语动词形式 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 would/could/might＋动词原形 [名师指津] 如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。　　　　 4．同位语从句中的虚拟语气 当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语或宾语时，其同位语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”结构。常见的这类名词有： Advice 建议　 decision 决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 idea　　　 想法 motion 提议 order 命令 plan　　 计划 proposal 提议 request 要求 suggestion 建议 We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock. 我们都同意这个命令：五点完成这项任务。 5．两个特定句式中的虚拟语气 (1)if only引导的条件句及感叹句 对现在的虚拟 过去式(be的过去式用were) 对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 对将来的虚拟 would/could/should/might＋动词原形 Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice！看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！ (2)It is (high/about/very) time (that) ... 从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略。 It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. 该是我们采取一些措施解决这个问题的时候了。 解题思维建模 强化训练与运用实践 一、单句语法填空 1．When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I _____________(answer) your call. 2．The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule ____________________(develop)． 语法题点训练 had answered (should) be developed 3．It is high time that you (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. 4．The only thing that I do was that I wished her a long life. 5．We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 6．We (be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map. considered/should consider could stayed should/could/would/might be 二、语篇填空(用情态动词、虚拟语气知识补全短文) Dear Eric, I'm Li Hua.Do you still remember me? I studied in your school for 3 months half a year ago. I'm very grateful for your help during my study in the US. At that time, you often recommended that 1.________ (我结交新朋友和适应新生活). Without your help, 2.____________________________________ (我不能如此享受我在那儿的生活). Besides, if you hadn't helped me, 3. _________________________________________(我的英语就不可能提高得那么快). I (should) make new friends and adapt to the new life I couldn't have enjoyed my life there so much my English couldn't have improved so quickly By the way, do you know how everything is going with Mr Smith? I failed to contact him after I left America. I'd appreciate it 4.________ (如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码)．I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture. If you were free during this winter holiday, how I wish 5.______________________________________________________ (你能在春节期间来中国体验中国文化)！ if you could offer me his e-mail address or telephone number you could come to China during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese culture I would rather that 6. (你和我们一起欢度春节). I'm sure it will be an unforgettable trip for you. I would be very happy 7. (如果你接受我的邀请). I am looking forward to your coming. Yours， Li Hua you spent the Spring Festival with us happily if you were to accept my invitation 1．杜绝常见错误，别让微瑕掩了美玉(查错并修改) ①There is a meeting inside. You can't make any noise. [纠错]　________________ [点拨]　can't指“无能力”；mustn't指“不允许，一定不要”。 写作语法运用 can't改为mustn't ②The smile on his face suggested that he be satisfied with our work. [纠错]　___________ [点拨]　当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意时，suggest后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。 be改为was 2．写对更要写美，彰显深厚写作功底(按要求完成句子) ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) Therefore,_________________________ _______________________________________so that we can choose the one most suitable for us. 因此，我建议应该让我们自己找练习搭档，这样我们才能选择最适合自己的。 I suggest that we (should) be allowed to find our own practicing partners ②(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) It's necessary that________________ _____________________________to protect our oceans. 我们有必要号召身边的人行动起来保护我们的海洋。 ③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果没有他的帮助，我不会通过这次至关重要的考试。(含蓄虚拟条件句) the crucial exam. we (should) call on people around us to take action Without his help, I wouldn't have passed 3．真金需要打磨，一变效果非凡 ①It's time for us to make the public realize the significance of saving energy. [升级]___________________________________________________　 _____________________________ (虚拟语气) [点拨]　It is (high) time (that) sb. did/should do sth.意为“该是某人做某事的时候了”，should不能省略。 It is high time that we made/should make the public realize the significance of saving energy. ②With their help, I got in touch with Professor Smith last week. [升级]__________________________________________________　 (虚拟语气) [点拨]　without “(要是)没有”，but for“要不是”，用来表示隐含的条件，句子要使用虚拟语气。 Without/But for their help, I couldn't have got in touch with Professor Smith last week. 事情告知[嵌入语法：注重情态和虚拟，让“告知”更委婉] 写作增分课（5） 考场写作时——做到“要点”与“出彩”齐飞 [典题示例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ改编)假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括： 1．比赛信息；　2.赛前准备；　3.表达期待。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。　　 一、“2步骤”找全要点——保基本分 (一)显性要点题干找 1．写信事由： ①I'm writing to tell you that we will have a volleyball match recently. 2．比赛信息： ②We will play against the team from Hong Xing High School on the afternoon of July 4th in our school gym. 3．赛前准备： ③From tomorrow on, we must train for two hours after school every day. 4．表达期待： ④Please come to the school gym at 6：30 pm from Monday to Friday. (二)隐性要点关联好 1．球队目标： ⑤With the aim of winning the match, we should to get fully prepared and practice hard. 2．告知对方加入的原因： ⑥With you in the team, we believe that we will win the match. 二、“3层面”注重完善——打造亮点 (一)表达错误要避免(纠正句⑤中的错误) to get→____ (二)高级词汇抓住眼(升格①⑤⑥句中的加蓝词汇) 1．tell→_______ 2．aim→_________ 3．believe→_____________ get inform intention are confident (三)高级句式点亮篇(按要求升级句子) 1．用委婉的语气改写句④ I wonder if you could come to the school gym at 6：30 pm from Monday to Friday. 2．用“it is high time that ...”改写词汇升格后的句⑤ With the intention of winning the match, it is high time that we should get fully prepared and practice hard. 3．用without含蓄条件句改写词汇升格后的句⑥ Without you in the team, we couldn't be confident that we would win the match. 三、“2方面”打造高颜值——“语”顺“形”美 (誊写成文，注意逻辑衔接和行文规范) Dear Chris， I'm writing to inform you that we will have a volleyball match recently. We will play against the team from Hong Xing High School on the afternoon of July 4th in our school gym. With the intention of winning the match, it is high time that we should get fully prepared and practice hard. Thus, from tomorrow on, we must train for two hours after school every day. I wonder if you could come to the school gym at 6：30 pm from Monday to Friday. You're an excellent player. Without you in the team, we couldn't be confident that we would win the match. Let's try hard together. Yours， Li Hua [高分评点] (一)学谋篇布局 本文呈现了告知信的常规写作模式： (二)学靓丽表达 1．作文中使用了with the intention of, get fully prepared, wonder等高级词汇为作文增色。 2．运用了较多的情态动词和虚拟语气，如情态动词must, could和would，“it is high time that ...”句式虚拟语气以及without含蓄条件句的使用，增强了语言的表达效果，使“告知”语气更委婉，给读者留下了深刻印象。 平时学习时——做到“仿写”与“背诵”齐抓 一、内化写作范式，确保形体规范 Dear ， Recently, (活动) will be held (时间、地点)．On behalf of (活动组织方), I am writing to inform you of some relevant details. First and foremost, (细节一). Furthermore, (细节二). To sum up, (细节三或补充说明)． I would appreciate it/be grateful that .(表达期待和愿望) Yours， Li Hua 二、写好开头、结尾，力求吸人眼球 (一)开头部分：简要说明告知内容 1．I'd like to tell you something concerning ... 2．I'm eager/excited to inform you of ... 3．I'd like to share the related information with you in detail. 4. Learning that you want/desire/would like to ...，I'm writing to inform you of/get you informed of relevant information/I'm writing to let you know that ... (二)结尾部分：表达期待、祝愿或补充说明 1．Hopefully, what I stated above would be of great help to you. 2．If you prefer to know more detailed information, please don't hesitate to let me know. 3．I firmly believe that ... will live up to your expectation. 三、多积鲜活佳句，做到意蕴丰富 1．The activity aims to appeal to more people and social organizations to help and care for those poor children. 这次活动旨在呼吁更多的人和社会组织帮助和照顾那些贫困的孩子。 2．At first, we will make some slogans to call on everyone to take the responsibility to protect the environment. 首先，我们将制作一些标语来号召每个人都承担起保护环境的责任。 3．After that, we will hold an exchange meeting about cultural differences between New Zealand and China. 之后，我们将举办一个关于新西兰和中国之间的文化差异的交流会。 4．I am sure you will be content with all the arrangements and have fun learning Chinese. 我确信你将会对所有的安排感到满意，并在学习中文中得到乐趣。 $$