内容正文:
Section Ⅰ 单元词汇的拓展与深化
Ⅰ.速记“简易”词汇
1.cross talk n. 相声
2.pretend vi.& vt. 假装,装作
3.plot n. (书、 电影、戏剧的)情节
4.accent n. 口音
5.enhance vt. 增强;改进;提高
6.dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的
7.swing n. 挥动,挥舞;秋千
vi.&vt. (使)摆动;(使)转动;
朝……打去;荡秋千
8.saucer n. 杯托
9.doorway n. 门口,出入口
10.deduce vt. 推论,推断
11.bleed vi. 流血,出血
12.sneeze vi.& n. 打喷嚏
13.scream vi. 尖声大叫
n. 尖叫声
14.crisis n. 危难时刻;危机
15.circus n. 马戏团
16.clown n. 小丑
17.muscle n. 肌肉
18.mood n. 心情,情绪
19.cell n. 细胞
20.blush vi. 脸红
21.steak n. 牛排
22.raw adj. 生的
23.chew vi.&vt. 咀嚼
24.vase n. 花瓶
25.purse n. 女用手提包;女式钱包
26.mostly adv. 主要地;大部分
27.attain vt. 得到,获得
28.obtain vt. 获得,得到
29.mirror n. 镜子
30.log n. 大木头,原木;正式记录
31.idiom n. 成语
Ⅱ.勤回首“复杂”词汇
1.wellbeing n. 舒适;健康;幸福
2.referee n. 裁判(员)
3.collapse vi. 突然倒下
4.antique n. 古董
adj. 古时制造的
5.appetite n. 胃口,食欲
6.astronomy n. 天文学
7.galaxy n. 星系
8.atmosphere n. 大气(层);气氛,
氛围,环境
9.forecast vt. 预测,预报
10.middleaged adj. 中年的
11.surgery n. 诊所;外科手术
12.afterwards adv. 随后,后来
13.deserve vt. 应得,应受到
14.psychological adj. 心理的,精神的
15.farreaching adj. 影响深远的
16.immune adj. 有免疫力的
17.incorporate vt. 把……并入;包含
18.whisper vi.&vt. 悄声说,低语,耳语
19.reputation n. 名誉,名望
20.encounter vt. 遇到
21.episode n. 一集
22.contemporary adj. 当代的
23.screenwriter n. 影视剧本作家,编剧
24.clumsy adj. 笨拙的,不灵活的
25.contrary n. 正相反,恰恰相反
26.scholarship n. 奖学金
27.stutter n. 结巴,口吃
28.genius n. 天才,天赋;天才人物
Ⅲ.辨清用准“形变”词汇
1.humour n.幽默→humorous adj.幽默的,诙谐的
2.imitate vt.模仿→imitation n.模仿,仿效;仿制品
3.face v.面对;面向;承认 n.脸;表面→facial adj.面部的;脸上的
4.interact vi.交流;交往;相互作用→interaction n.交流;交往;相互作用
5.anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地,不安地→anxiety n.焦虑,不安,担心
6.significant adj.重要的,重大的→significantly adv.重要地,重大地;显著地→significance n.重要性
7.terrify vt.使惊恐→terrified adj.极度惊恐的→terrifying adj.令人惊恐的
8.balance vt.平衡,权衡 n.平衡;天平;余额→balanced adj.平衡的→unbalanced adj.不平衡的
9.embarrass vt.使难堪,使尴尬→embarrassed adj.难堪的,尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的,令人尴尬的→embarrassment n.窘迫,尴尬
10.consume vt.消耗;吃;消费→consumer n.消费者→consumption n.消费
11.confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.困惑的→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confusion n.困惑
12.potential n.潜力,潜能 adj.潜在的,可能的→potentially adv.可能地,潜在地→potentiality n.潜力;可能性
13.casual adj.随便的;非正式的;临时的;偶然的→casually adv.漫不经心地;非正式地
14.innocent adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的→innocently adv.装作若无其事地;无辜地→innocence n.清白,无罪;天真无邪
15.faith n.信仰;信念;信任;忠实→faithful adj.忠诚的→faithfully adv.忠实地;如实地;诚心诚意地
16.science n.科学;技术;学科;理科→scientific adj.科学(上)的→scientifically adv.系统地;合乎科学地
17.measure n.测量;措施;程度;尺寸 vt.测量;估量;权衡→measurement n.测量,计量,衡量
18.consult v.查阅;商量;向……请教→consultant n.顾问;会诊医生→consultation n.就诊;咨询
19.examine vt.检查→examination n.考试;检查;审问→examiner n.检验员;主考人→examinee n.应试者;受审查者
20.announce vt.宣布,宣告→announcement n.公告;宣告;发表;通告
21.tense adj.紧张的;拉紧的 n.时态 v.拉紧,变得紧张→tension n.紧张;焦虑;焦急
22.physics n.物理学;物理现象→physicist n.物理学家;唯物论者→physical adj.身体的,肉体的→physically adv.身体上,身体上地
23.energy n.精力,能量→energise vt.使充满活力;使增强决心→energetic adj.精力充沛的
24.infect v.感染;传染→infection n.感染;传染→infectious adj.有感染的;易传染的
25.accident n.事故;意外;意外事件;机遇→accidental adj.意外的;偶然的;附属的;临时记号的→accidentally adv.偶然地,意外地
26.expense n.费用,花费→expensive adj.昂贵的;花钱的
27.comedy n.喜剧;喜剧片;有趣的事情→comedian n.喜剧演员
28.nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;国民的;民族的→nationality n.国籍
29.amuse vt.使开心;逗笑→amused adj.被逗乐的;觉得好笑的→amusing adj.好笑的,有趣的;引人发笑的→amusement n.消遣,娱乐;乐趣
30.rely vi.依赖→reliable adj.可以依赖的
31.pure adj.纯的;纯粹的;纯洁的→purely adv.完全地,纯粹地,仅仅
32.universe n.宇宙;世界;领域→universal adj.广泛适用的;共同的,普遍的→universally adv.普遍地
33.astonish v.(使)惊讶;(使)惊奇→astonished adj.吃惊的,惊讶的→astonishing adj.惊人的;令人惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶;令人惊讶的事物
34.create vt.创造,创作;造成→creation n.创造物,作品→creative adj.创造性的→creativity n.创造力;创造性
35.academy n.学院;研究院;学会;专科院校→academic adj.学术的→academically adv.学术上;学业上
36.talent n.天资,天赋,才能→talented adj.有天赋的,有才华的
37.produce vt.生产;引起;创作;生育,繁殖→producer n.制作人,制片人;生产商;产地→product n.产品;结果;作品→productive adj.生产性的;多产的;富有成效的
38.rare adj.稀有的→rarely adv.很少,难得
39.convince vt.说服;使确信,使信服→convinced adj.确信的,信服的
40.unfortunate adj.不幸的,倒霉的→unfortunately adv.不幸地
41.agent n.代理人→agency n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处
42.demand vt.要求→demanding adj.要求高的
43.loose adj.宽松的vt.释放→loosely adv.不严谨地
44.criticise vi.& vt.批评,指责→criticism n.批评→critical adj.批评的,爱挑剔的;评论的
45.politics n.政治,政治学→politician n.政治家→political adj.政治的;政府的
46.bath n.浴室 vi.洗澡→bathe vt.沐浴
Ⅳ.特别警惕“易误解”词汇(熟词生义/词性活用)
1.muscle n.肌肉→n.力量;权力
2.cell n.细胞→n.牢房
3.encounter vt.遇到→n.(体育)比赛,交锋
4.chew vi.& vt.咀嚼→n.口香糖
5.plot n.(书、电影、戏剧的)情节→v.(为小说、戏剧等)设计情节,布局;密谋;暗中策划
6.accent n.口音→v.强调;突出
7.tension n.紧张;焦虑;焦急→v.拉紧
8.contrary n.正相反,恰恰相反→adj.相反的
9.mirror n.镜子→vt.反映;反射
10.log n.大木头,原木;(事件的)正式记录→v.伐木;把……载入正式记录
Ⅴ.识记默写“高频”词块
1.for_sale 出售;待售
2.hand_over 交出;移交
3.throw_in 奉送,额外赠送;扔进
4.look_up_at 抬头看;往上看
5.next_to 几乎,差不多;
紧挨着;居于……之后
6.call_in 召集;召来
7.turn_to 转向;求助于
8.be_hardwired_into_sb. 对于某人来说是天生的
9.feel_like 想要,感觉像
10.at_sb.'s_expense 嘲笑某人
11.rely_on 依赖;信赖
12.have_a_reputation_for 因……而出名
13.a_series_of 一系列的;一连串的
14.make_an_attempt_to_do_sth. 试图做某事
15.busy_oneself_doing_sth. 使自己忙于做某事
16.anything_like 有点像
17.nothing_like 一点也不像
18.on_the_contrary 相反
19.show_a_talent_for 在……方面显出才能
20.play_around 玩耍;轻率对待
Ⅵ.拓展串记“族群”词汇
1.“惊恐、害怕”的情绪需缓解
①terrified adj. 极度惊恐的
②scared adj. 害怕的
③frightened adj. 受惊的
④afraid adj. 害怕的
⑤alarmed adj. 害怕的
⑥startled adj. 受惊的
⑦shaken adj. 受惊的
2.后缀“ian”词汇多积累
①comedian 喜剧演员
②musician 音乐家
③physician 内科医生
④magician 魔术师
⑤politician 政治家
3.“v.+up+prep.”短语
①look up at 抬头看
②put up with 忍受,容忍
③come up with 想出,想到
④catch up with 追上;赶上
⑤sign up for 报名参加
1.pretend vi.& vt.假装,装作;伪称
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(续写之动作描写)Frank turned away, pretending not to notice me, and hurried away.
弗兰克转过身去,假装没看见我,匆匆走开了。
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pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done 假装做了某事
pretend that ... 假装……
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(1)单句语法填空
①If you are just pretending to_be (be) interested in your study, you will ruin yourself.
②She pretended to_be_doing (do) her homework when her mother came in.
③When the teacher explained the question, the boy pretended to_have_understood (understand) it.
(2)一句多译
我们在街上相遇时,她装作不认识我,这使我很伤心。
④She pretended_(that)_she_didn't_know_me when we met in the street, which made me upset. (宾语从句)
⑤She pretended_not_to_know_me when we met in the street, which made me upset.(动词不定式)
2.embarrassed adj.难堪的,尴尬的
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(2021·浙江1月高考写作)Feeling embarrassed, I reminded myself that under no circumstances would I commit such a mistake again.我觉得尴尬极了,我提醒自己绝不会再犯这样的错误了。
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(1)be/feel embarrassed at/about ... 对……感到为难/尴尬
(2)embarrass vt. 使尴尬;使为难
It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人窘迫
(3)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
(4)embarrassment n. 窘迫;尴尬
to one's embarrassment 令某人感到尴尬的是
名师指津:v.ed形式的形容词表示“感到……的”,常用来形容人的心理或眼泪、表情等;v.ing形式的形容词表示“令人……的”,常用来修饰给人带来某种情感的人或事物。
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(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①When it was my turn to deliver my speech, I walked towards the microphone, nervous and embarrassed (embarrass).
②Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing (embarrass) position where she didn't know which side she should support.
③It was shameful to be found sleeping in class.His classmates' laughter only added to his embarrassment (embarrass).
④She felt_embarrassed_about how untidy the home was so she rose from her seat quietly to clean it.
家里如此不整洁使她感到很不好意思,于是她从座位上悄悄站起来去打扫了。
(2)选词填空(embarrassed/embarrassing)
⑤He wore an embarrassed expression because he thought his speech was a failure.
⑥My most embarrassing moment was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn't remember.
3.confused adj.困惑的
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(续写之神态描写)Mom smiled a little and gave me a confused look.妈妈微微一笑,困惑地看了我一眼。
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(1)be confused by 因……感到困惑
be confused with/about 对……感到迷惑
(2)confuse vt. 使困惑;使混淆
confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆
(3)confusion n. 困惑;混乱
in confusion 困惑地;混乱地
(4)confusing adj. 令人困惑的
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(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①You're always confusing me with/and my sister — she's the one studying drama.
②Matt stared at her in confusion (confuse), not knowing what to do next.
③His writing is so confusing (confuse) that it's difficult to make out what he is trying to express.
④Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused_about_the_Chinese_customs,_I am writing to put forward some advice.
得知你要去拜访一位中国朋友并且对中国的风俗习惯感到困惑,我写信提出一些建议。
(2)选词填空(confused/confusing)
⑤The lecturer didn't get across his messages, leaving his audience thoroughly confused.
⑥Both teams were wearing the same colour, which made things confusing.
4.announce vt.宣布,宣告
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(续写之心理描写)When the host announced that she won the prize, her heart was thumping with excitement.
当主持人宣布她获奖时,她激动得心怦怦跳。
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(1) 向某人宣布/告知某事
announce that ... 宣布……
It is announced that ... 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 通告,宣告
make an announcement 下通知,宣布
易混辨析:announce/declare
announce
意为“公布”,不如declare正式,指将事情(如消息或新闻等)公布于众
declare
意为“宣布,宣称”,表示有信心地、正式地公开讲明某事,是正式用语;也用于国家宣告重大事宜,正式地“表示”或公开“宣布”,如战争、和平、中立、意见等。常用短语:
declare war on/against对……宣战;
declare for/against the plan声明赞成/反对计划;
declare the meeting open宣布会议开幕
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(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①The announcer announced the news that a flood hit our city to the public on TV.
②It was 2 hours' wait by the time the announcement (announce) was made, saying my flight was cancelled.
③He made_the_announcement in a speech on television last week.
上周他在一次电视演讲中发表了这一声明。
④It_was_announced_that the French writer Annie Ernaux won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
据宣布,法国作家安妮·埃尔诺获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
(2)选词填空(announce/declare)
⑤The government is ready to declare a permanent ceasefire.
⑥At 8:30 a.m., the referee announced the rules of the race.
5.deserve vt.值得,应得,应受到
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(应用文之推荐信)Speaking of model teenagers, Li Hua without doubt deserves the honorable title.
说到模范青少年,李华无疑当之无愧。
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(1)deserve+n./pron. 值得/应得……
deserve to be/do ... 应该是/值得做……
deserve doing=deserve to be done ……值得被做
(2)deserving adj. 值得的;应得的
名师指津:类似用法的还有:need/require/want to be done=need/require/want doing,表示“……需要被做”。
|应|用|通|(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to_lose (lose) her job.
②All in all, A Dream of the Red Mansions has won my heart and I am convinced that it deserves reading/to_be_read (read) again.
③不管你是谁,都应该得到平等的对待。
→Whoever you are, you deserve_treating/to_be_treated_equally.(treat)
→Whoever you are, you deserve_equal_treatment.(treatment)
6.amuse vt.使开心;逗笑
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(话题写作之人物介绍)Mr Atkinson is an internationally recognized comedian, whose performance can easily amuse audiences regardless of their nationality or culture.艾金森先生是国际公认的喜剧演员,他的表演可以轻松地取悦任何国籍或文化的观众。
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(1)amuse sb./oneself by/with sth. 通过……来逗乐某人/自己
It amuses sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人开心
(2)amusement n. 消遣,娱乐
to one's (great) amusement
令人感到(极)好笑的是
in/with amusement 高兴地
(3)amused adj. 觉得好笑的
be amused at/by 对……感到好笑
be amused to do sth. 做某事而感到好笑
(4)amusing adj. 有趣的,逗乐的
联想发散:to one's great amusement=much to one's amusement。类似的表达还有:to one's great surprise/joy=much to one's surprise/joy。
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(1)单句语法填空/补全语段
①He could amuse us for hours with his stories of the theatre.
②There were all kinds of interesting games to keep the children amused (amuse).
③Many people thought that video was amusing (amuse) so they gave it many likes.
④My mom was_amused_at/by_such_an_amusing_scene,_joking in/with_amusement,_“Don't use up all your oxygen in the huge pumpkin.” But I didn't_amuse_myself_with/by_her_words and on the contrary, my nose was almost crooked.
我妈妈被如此有趣的情景逗乐了,她愉快地开玩笑道:“不要在大南瓜里耗尽了氧气。”但是她的话并没有逗乐我,相反,我的鼻子都快气歪了。
(2)一句多译
让我们感到好笑的是,他爸爸也喜欢看动画片。
⑤To_our_amusement,_his father likes to watch cartoons, too.(amusement)
⑥What_amuses_us/makes_us_amused is that his father likes to watch cartoons, too.(主语从句)
⑦It_is_amusing_for_us that his father likes to watch cartoons, too.(it作形式主语)
7.astonished adj.吃惊的,惊讶的
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(续写之动作描写)He arose, gathered all his courage to take a bite and was astonished to find the cake not so bad.他起身鼓足勇气咬了一口,惊奇地发现这蛋糕尝起来还不错。
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(1)be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by ... 对/因……感到惊讶
be astonished that ... 对……感到惊讶
It astonishes sb.that ... 令某人惊讶的是……
(2)astonishment n. 惊奇,惊异
to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
(3)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
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(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was astonishing (astonish) that she should accept such a challenging job.
②To the astonishment (astonish) of many people,Mr Peng gave a speech in English at the meeting.
③He was quite astonished (astonish) by what he saw so he stood there still.
④The expression on his face suggested that he was_astonished_at_the_extraordinary_beauty of the picture.
他脸上的表情表明,他对这幅画的非凡之美感到惊讶。
(2)一句多译
我父亲骑的那匹老马知道回家的路,这让我很惊讶。
⑤It_astonished_me_that the old horse my father rode knew the way home. (it作形式主语)
⑥What_astonished_me_was_that the old horse my father rode knew the way home.(what引导主语从句)
8.talent n.天资,天赋,才能
|助|表|达|
(续写之动作描写)I was sitting in the hall, listening to a group of girls sing the latest pop songs at the talent show.
我坐在大厅里,听一群女孩在才艺表演上唱最新的流行歌曲。
|先|体|验|(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①She showed a talent for playing the piano, with her graceful fingers dancing across the keys.
②If you want to learn art, you need to be not only talented (talent) but also hardworking.
③She is proud that both her children have_a_talent_for music.
她为她的两个孩子都有音乐天赋而感到自豪。
|再|归|纳|
(1)have a talent for 有……天赋
show a talent for 展现出……天赋
(2)talented adj. 有才气的,有天赋的
be talented in (doing) sth. 擅长(做)某事
9.demand vt.要求 n.要求;需求
|助|表|达|
(续写之动作描写)I started shouting, demanding that he should give me the $10 bill.
我开始大喊大叫,要求他给我10美元钞票。
|精|归|纳|
(1)demand to do sth. 要求/请求做某事
demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要求某物
demand of sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
demand that ... (should) do ... 要求……(从句中用虚拟语气)
(2)meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需要
in demand 需要
(3)demanding adj. (指任务)要求高的;
(指人)要求严格的
|应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I demanded to_see (see) the manager to tell him the result that the power cut brought about.
②You'd better get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding (demand) customers.
③More wind power stations will spring up to meet/satisfy_the_demands for clean energy.
为了满足对清洁能源的需求,更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。
④Our teacher demanded_that_we_all_(should)_attend the comingofage ceremony.
老师要求我们都要参加这个成人礼仪式。
10.on the contrary与此相反,恰恰相反(作状语)
|助|表|达|
(续写之人物描写)Redsha, on the contrary, was a brainy girl from a small village.
相反,雷德莎是一个来自一个小村庄的聪明女孩。
|先|体|验|(完成句子)
①Unless there is evidence to_the_contrary,_we ought to believe them.
除非有相反的证据,否则我们应该相信他们。
②On_the_contrary,_not all results are satisfying.
正好相反,并非所有的结果都令人满意。
③Contrary_to_popular_belief,_the Internet also has some disadvantages.
与流行的看法相反,互联网也有一些缺点。
|再|归|纳|
to the contrary 相反的;相反地
be contrary to 与……相反
contrary to popular belief 与流行的看法相反
11.rely on/upon依赖;信赖
|助|表|达|
(应用文之建议信)Whether you can seize them or not relies on the choices you make.
你能否抓住它们取决于你所做的选择。
|精|归|纳|
rely on/upon sb./sth.(for sth.) (为了……)依赖/指望某人/某物
指望/相信某人做某事
rely on it that ... 指望/相信……
联想发散:与“rely on+it+that从句”用法类似的还有:
depend on+it+that从句,see to+it+that从句,take+it+for granted+that从句等。
|应|用|通|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①We can always rely on him doing/to_do (do) a good job because he pays attention to detail.
②Don't worry! We Chinese are friendly and you can rely_on_us_helping/to_help_you_out.
不要担心!我们中国人很友好,你可以依靠我们帮助你摆脱困境。
(2)同义句转换
③You can believe that we will cooperate with you closely.
→You can rely_on_it_that we will cooperate with you closely.
12.call in召集;召来;下令收回;拜访
|巧|串|记|
“Can you pick up our kids from school this afternoon?” Mary asked Tom anxiously. At this point, Tom is going to call up the staff to call in at a famous local company next week. So, he seized the phone and called for John to help him.
“你下午能去学校接我们的孩子吗?”玛丽焦急地问汤姆。此时,汤姆正打算给员工打电话,安排下周去拜访当地一家著名的公司。于是,他拿起电话,要求约翰帮他。
|精|归|纳|
call back 收回;回电话
call off 取消,放弃
call for (公开)要求;需要;(去)接
call up 召唤,使想起;打电话给
call on 呼吁,号召;要求;拜访
名师指津:call in表示“拜访”时,如果指拜访某人,用call in on sb.,相当于drop in on;如果指拜访/参观某地,用call in at some place,相当于drop in at some place。
|应|用|通|(完成句子)
①If the phone rings, say, “Mr Wang will call_back after dinner.”
如果电话铃响了,就说:“王先生晚饭后回电话。”
②Since the weather is bad, let's_call_off_the_trip.
由于天气不好,我们取消这次旅行吧。
③The situation is completely out of control and we need to call_for help immediately.
情况完全失控了,我们需要立刻求助。
④We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the “Healthy Eyes, Healthy Life” campaign.
我们写这封信是为了呼吁大家参加“健康的眼睛,健康的生活”运动。
⑤Together, a professional figure skater Linda and a community of kindhearted supporters were_called_in to help.
一位专业的花样滑冰运动员琳达和一群善良的支持者一起被召集来提供帮助。
(运用本单元知识完成下列语段)
主题语境——喜剧天赋
My roommate John has gained (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:①obtained) a good reputation. He ②has_a_talent_for_comedy (有喜剧天赋) and often presents some serious topics in a humorous way. He can imitate many different accents, for which his creations can improve people's moods.In one scene, his facial expression was so ③amusing(amuse) that the audience burst out laughing. He not only enjoys performing comedy, but also wants to be a movie ④producer (produce). We ⑤rarely_criticise_his_performance (很少批评他的表演) for loosely written plots. After all, you can't ⑥rely_on_a_comedy (依靠喜剧) to be purely ⑦faithful (faith) to reality.
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