必修第二册 Unit 5 Section Ⅰ 单元词汇的拓展与深化（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅰ　单元词汇的拓展与深化 Ⅰ.速记“简易”词汇 1．flood n．　　　　　　　 洪水，水灾 2．living adj. 活的，活着的 3．weed n. 野草；海藻 4．deer n. 鹿 5．insect n. 昆虫 6．whale n. 鲸 7．shark n. 鲨(鱼) 8．eagle n. 鹰 9．fox n. 狐狸 10．soil n. 土壤 11．jungle n. (热带)丛林 12．title n. 题目，标题 13．wave n. 海浪；波涛 14．escape vi.& vt. 逃离；逃避 15．float vi. 浮；漂 16．file n. 档案，卷宗 17．soul n. 灵魂 18．edge n. 边缘 19．barrel n. 桶 20．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 21．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 22．rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援 23．trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 24．damage n. 伤害，损伤，损害 25．site n. 场所，地点 26．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 27．duty n. 职责，义务；责任 28．lamp n. 灯 29．nearby adv. 附近 30．sledge n. 雪橇 31．polar adj. 极地的，地极的 32．prove vt. 证明；证实 33．tent n. 帐篷 34．metal n. 金属 35．varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 Ⅱ.勤回首“复杂”词汇 1．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 2．hurricane n. 飓风 3．landslide n. 滑坡；塌方 4．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 5．comment n. 评论；意见 6．landscape n. 风景，景色 7．dolphin n. 海豚 8．kangaroo n. 袋鼠 9．climate n. 气候 10．lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 11．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 12．million n. 百万 13．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 14．whirlpool n. 漩涡 15．descent n. 下降，下落 16．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 17．attempt n．& vt. 努力，尝试，企图 18．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 19．process n. 过程，进程 20．conduct vt. 实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt. 指挥 21．captain n. 上校；队长；组长 22．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 23．brochure n. 小册子 24．shelter n. 避难所 25．aftershock n. (地震的)余震 26．harmless adj. 无害的 Ⅲ.辨清用准“形变”词汇 1．dry adj.干的；口渴的；枯燥无味的→drought n．旱灾，干旱 2．volcano n．火山→volcanic adj.火山的 3．erupt v．爆发→eruption n．爆发 4．crowd n．人群v.挤满；涌上→crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 5．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecologist n．生态学家→ecological adj.生态的 6．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 7．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者，生还者 8．tide n．潮汐，潮水→tidal adj.潮汐的 9．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗→poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poetess n．女诗人 10．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的 11．fright n．恐怖；惊恐→frighten vt.(使)惊恐→frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的 12．horror n．恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事→horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horribly adv.可怕地；非常地 13．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地→curiosity n．好奇心 14．equal adj.相等的；相同的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．相等；平等 15．interrupt vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断 16．die vi.死→dying adj.奄奄一息的→dead adj.死的→death n．死，死亡 17．lose vt.失去，丧失→loss n．丧失；死亡 18．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量→measurement n．测量；尺寸 19．operate v．使用，操作；经营；(使)运作；动手术→operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operator n．操作人员 20．suffer v．遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 21．protect v．保护→protection n．保护；防护 22．breath n．呼吸→breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 23．prepare vt.准备，预备→preparation n．预备，准备→prepared adj.有准备的，准备好的 24．ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪→skiing n．滑雪运动 25．base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→basic adj.基本的，基础的→basically adv.大体上，基本上 26．anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的→anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑 27．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有志向的，有抱负的 28．cheer v．欢呼；(使)高兴起来→cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheerfully adv.高高兴兴地 29．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．距离 30．honest adj.诚实的→honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honestly adv.诚实地 31．sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的；真实的→sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincerely adv.真诚地 32．brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地→ bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为 33．observe vt.观察；注意→observation n．观察；观察结果→observer n．观察者 34．scare vt.使恐惧，惊吓→scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的→scared adj.惊慌的，害怕的，担忧的 35．original adj.最初的，新颖的，独创的→originally adv.起初，独创地，新颖地→originality n．独创性；创造力 36．appear vi.出现；似乎，显得→appearance n．外貌，外观→disappear vi.消失→disappearance n．消亡；消失 Ⅳ.特别警惕“易误解”词汇(熟词生义/词性活用) 1．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→n.冲击；震惊；休克 2．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行vi.&vt.指挥→v.(指物质)传导(热、电流等) 3．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→adj.远亲的 4．observe vt.观察；注意→vt.遵守(规则、法令等)；庆祝，过(节日、生日、周年等) 5．flood n．洪水，水灾→v.使泛滥，淹没 6．title n．题目，标题→v.赋予头衔；加标题于 7．wave n．海浪；波涛→v.挥手(致意) 8．process n．过程，进程→v.加工；处理；审查 9．ski n．滑雪板→vi.滑雪 10．shelter n．避难所→v.掩蔽，遮蔽；保护；躲避 Ⅴ.识记默写“高频”词块 1．turn_one's_back_(on_sb./sth.) 对……置之不理 2．be_covered_with 被……覆盖；充满着…… 3．suffer_from 忍受，遭受 4．share_with_sb. 与某人分享 5．make_use_of 使用，利用 6．get_hurt 受伤 7．take_care_of 照顾；注意 8．on_the_edge_of 在……边缘；某事快要发生 9．all_at_once 突然 10．pick_up 营救，搭救；用车接某人； (偶然)学会 11．less_than 小于；少于 12．breathe_in 吸气 13．run_out 用完；耗尽 14．break_down 停止运转，出故障 15．in_the_history_of 在……的历史进程中 16．on_the_way 在途中；即将到来 17．make_progress 取得进步 18．have_difficulty/trouble_with/(in)_doing_sth. 在(做)某事上有困难 19．at_one_time 曾经，一度 20．carry_on 继续(行进) 21．hold_on_to 坚持；紧握 22．be_home_to 是……的家园 23．be_native_to 原产于 24．be_made_up_of 由……组成 Ⅵ.拓展串记“族群”词汇 1．dis-否定前缀有特色　 ①disappear vi. 消失 ②disadvantage n. 不利；劣势 ③disagree v. 不同意；不一致；不适合 ④dislike v. 不喜欢；厌恶 ⑤dishonest adj. 不诚实的 ⑥disarm vt. 解除武装 2．-less后缀词知多少　 ①harmless adj. 无害的 ②careless adj. 粗心的 ③homeless adj. 无家可归的 ④hopeless adj. 无望的 ⑤powerless adj. 无力的 ⑥endless adj. 无休止的 3．turn短语　 ①turn one's back on 对……置之不理 ②turn a deaf ear to 对……充耳不闻 ③turn a blind eye to 对……视而不见 ④turn over a new leaf 改过自新 4．“get＋过去分词”短语　 ①get hurt 受伤 ②get changed 更衣 ③get lost 迷路 ④get dressed/undressed 穿上/ 脱下衣服 1．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.震惊 |助|表|达|　 (续写之神情描写)I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat. 我震惊地盯着他，喉咙里发出一丝微弱的惊讶声。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)be shocked by/at sth.　　 被……震惊 be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊 be shocked that ... 对……感到震惊 (2)in shock 震惊地 be numb with shock 震惊地目瞪口呆 It was a shock to do/that (做)……很令人震惊 (3)shocked adj. 惊愕的，(感到)震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的；令人气愤的 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/补全语段)　 ①Hearing the news, all present were shocked (shock) and looked at each other, speechlessly. ②His cold attitude to this thing was_shocking (shock) to her. ③(2022·浙江1月高考写作)I was_shocked_by/at_the_news that my partner was admitted to hospital. Meanwhile, I was_shocked_to_find_that I had no option but to finish our project on my own. 听到我的搭档住院的消息，我很震惊。与此同时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能自己完成我们的项目。 2．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体)漏出 n．逃跑，逃脱，逃避 |助|表|达|　 (续写之场景描写)It didn't escape his mother's notice that he was unhappy, so she tried to have a talk with him. 他不开心，这没能逃过母亲的注意，所以她试图和他谈一谈。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)escape from ...　　　　 从……中逃脱 escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事 escape one's notice 逃过某人的注意 (2)make one's escape 逃走 have a narrow escape 九死一生；幸免于难 名师指津：(1)表示“勉强逃脱”时，用narrowly修饰动词escape。(2)表示“某人忘记……”时用sth. escape(s) sb.。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The zoo keeper announced a lion had escaped from its cage. ②They had a narrow escape when their car crashed. ③The help you gave me when I stayed in your city will never_escape_me. 我永远忘不了我在你的城市时你给我的帮助。 ④I_had_a_narrow_escape by leaving the tent.Hardly had_I_escaped_from_it when it burned down. 我离开帐篷才得以死里逃生。 我刚从里面逃出来它就烧毁了。 3．survive vi.活下来；生存，存活，继续存在 vt.幸存；幸免于难；挺过(难关)；比……活得长 |助|表|达|　 (续写之场景描写)The car fell into the valley but Mrs Smith and her son Tom were lucky to survive the accident.汽车掉进了山谷，但史密斯太太和她的儿子汤姆幸运地从事故中存活了下来。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)survive sth.　　　　　 在……之后仍然幸存 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……) survive on 靠……存活下来 survive from 从……留存下来 (2)survival n. 幸存 (3)survivor n. 幸存者 名师指津：survive表示“比……活得长；经历灾难活下来”时是及物动词，后面直接跟表示人或灾难的词。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Some of the plants and animals have_survived (survive) millions of years, and are regarded as living fossils. ②Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival (survive)． ③The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle and there were no survivors (survive)． ④In order to let students know how_to_survive_in_the_wild,_our school organized an adventure in the forest. 为了让同学们知道如何在野外生存，我们学校组织了一次森林探险活动。 4．Frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 |助|表|达|　 (续写之场景描写)All of a sudden, the roof flew off and there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just froze.突然，屋顶飞走了，原来有屋顶的地方变成了天空。我吓得呆住了。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)be frightened of/that ...　　 害怕…… be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 吓死 (2)frighten vt. 使害怕，使惊恐 frighten sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事 frighten away ... 吓跑…… (3)frightening adj.　　　　 令人惊恐的，骇人的 fright n. 惊恐；恐怖 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened (frighten), it had run off. ②With no one to turn to in such a frightening (frighten) situation, she felt very helpless. ③The boy managed to frighten his brother into giving up his toy. ④The girl was_almost_frightened_to_death when she saw the scene. 看到那一幕，那个女孩几乎吓死了。 ⑤We are so shy that we are_frightened_to_talk with our foreign teacher. 我们很害羞，以至于不敢和外教说话。 5．curious adj.好奇的，好打听的；稀奇古怪的 |助|表|达|　 (续写之场景描写)People gathered round, curious to know what was happening. 人们聚拢过来，想知道发生了什么事情。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)be curious about ...　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 arouse/satisfy (meet) one's curiosity 激发/满足某人的好奇心 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The children are intensely curious to_know (know) more about the story. ②We should arouse children's natural curiosity (curious) about the world around them. ③He saw a book on the table, picked it up and began to read curiously/with_curiosity. 他看到桌子上有一本书，就把它拿起来，开始好奇地读起来。 ④The little boy, out_of_curiosity,_took apart the toy to see how it worked, but couldn't put it together. 这个小男孩出于好奇，把玩具拆开看它是如何工作的，却不能把它组装起来。 ⑤My brother is_always_curious_to_know_everything，but no one seems to be able to meet/satisfy_his_curiosity. 我弟弟总是渴望知道一切，但似乎没有人能满足他的好奇心。 6．equal vt.等于，比得上 adj.相等的；相同的；胜任的 n．(地位、权利等)相当的人(或物) |助|表|达|　 (应用文之申请信)I think I am equal to the task. I would appreciate it if you can take my application into account. 我认为我能胜任这项任务。如果你能考虑我的申请，我将非常感激。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 (2)be equal to sth. 等于/胜任某事 be equal in 在……方面比得上 (3)without equal 无与伦比 (4)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地 名师指津：be equal to表示“胜任”时，to是介词，后面如果接动词，要用动词的-ing形式。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/补全语段)　 ①The two towns are roughly equal in size but they are different in population. ②People from these minority groups must have equality (equal) of opportunity. ③You must have a good education, but practical training is equally (equal) important. ④Firstly, nobody can equal_me_in_oral_English.Equally_attractive is that I am without_equal in communication skills. So I hold the firm belief that I am_equal_to_the_job as a volunteer for the fair. 首先，没人能在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。 7.attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 |助|表|达|　 (续写之场景描写)In an attempt to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, Claire climbed up the ladder but unfortunately fell off soon. 为了帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯，克莱尔爬上了梯子，但不幸的是，很快从梯子上摔了下来。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)attempt to do sth.　　　　 试图做某事 (2)in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事 make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 企图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的 名师指津：attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.或seek to do sth.，意为“试图做某事”，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①To her delight, she passed her driving test at the first attempt. ②A man is being questioned in relation to the attempted (attempt) robbery last night. ③Mac waved and yelled at the passing cars, attempting to stop a car/making an attempt to stop a car to help him.麦克对着过往的车辆挥手并大喊，试图让一辆车停下来帮助他。 8．damage v．损害，伤害；毁坏，破坏 n．伤害，损伤，损害 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之健康)Some teenagers are damaging their health because they often expose themselves to so many electric products. 一些青少年正在损害他们的健康，因为他们经常接触到如此多的电子产品。 |先|体|验|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Several vehicles were_damaged (damage) in the crash yesterday. ②The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million. ③Although we were surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we worked together to rebuild our homes_damaged_by_the_flood. 虽然我们周围的一切都提醒着我们这里曾发生的灾难，但大家都一起重建被洪水毁坏的家园。 ④The heavy rainstorm caused_significant_damage_to_the city's infrastructure, including roads and buildings.这场暴雨给城市的基础设施造成了重大破坏，包括道路和建筑物。 |再|归|纳|　 (1)be badly damaged　　　 遭受严重损害 damage one's health 损害某人的健康 (2)do/cause damage to 给……带来/造成毁坏 9．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 vi.量度为，有……长(宽、高等) n．措施，方法 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之环境保护)Measures should be taken to protect the endangered species or they will die out. 应该采取措施保护濒危物种，否则它们将会灭绝。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)be measured by/in ...　　 用……来计算/衡量 (2)make ... to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做 take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事 名师指津：(1)measure作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。 (2)写作中经常把take measures to do sth.变成被动语态的形式。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/句式升级)　 ①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be_measured (measure) only by examination results. ②We must take preventive measures to_reduce (reduce) pollution in the area. ③After the typhoon, people found some tall trees, measuring (measure) more than 20 meters, lying on the ground. ④We should take measures to reduce the damage of the earthquake.(改为被动语态) →Measures_should_be_taken to reduce the damage of the earthquake. 10．shelter n．避难所；遮蔽物vt.& vi.保护，掩蔽，躲避(风雨或危险) |助|表|达|　 (续写之人物描写)Out of sympathy for the homeless children, he gave them shelter for the night.出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情，他给他们提供住所过夜。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)take shelter from ...　　　 躲避…… seek shelter 寻求庇护 give sb.shelter 庇护某人 (2)shelter from sth. 躲避某物 shelter sb./sth.from ... 保护……不受…… |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Don't take shelter from rain under a tree in a storm. ②He tried to shelter_his_friend_from_knowing the news of his failure, but it was too late. 他试图不让朋友知道他失败的消息，但为时已晚。 ③The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek_shelter during the daytime. 当然，解决办法就是种树，这样动物就可以在白天得到庇护。 11．observe vt.观察；注意；看到；注视，监视；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝，庆贺 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之传统文化)The Mid-Autumn Festival is observed on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. 中秋节是在农历八月十五庆祝。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)observe ... do/doing/done 看到……做了/正在做/被做 observe a rule 遵守规则 (2)observation n. 观察；观察结果；观测 under observation 在观察中，在监视下 (3)observer n. 观察者 名师点津：observe在被动语态中后跟不定式结构时必须带to，即sb./sth. be observed to do sth.。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The young man was sent along as an observer (observe) of the experiment. ②It is said that the injured engineer is still under observation (observe) in the hospital. ③Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe_the_traditional_customs. 尽管在国外生活了多年，许多中国人仍然遵守传统习俗。 ④The more time he spent_observing_these_animals,_the more his understanding of them grew. 他观察这些动物的时间越长，对它们的了解程度就越深。 12．pick up营救；拾起，拿起；收拾；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转；加速 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之感谢信)Thank you for your help during my stay in England, where I picked up some useful English expressions. 感谢您在我逗留英国期间对我的帮助，在那里我学到了一些有用的英语表达。 |辨|析|清|　(写出下列句中pick up的含义) ①You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.用车接 ②In order to learn English I bought a radio which could pick up English broadcast programmes.收听；接收 ③You'll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside.身体好转 ④Hardly had I picked up the phone when I was told that the hotel had been booked up.拾起；拿起 ⑤It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.(偶然)学会 ⑥About a mile out of the station the train began to pick up speed.加速 |精|归|纳|　 pick on　　　　 故意刁难挑剔，闹别扭 pick out 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解 pick off 摘掉；摘下来 pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来；振作起来 |应|用|通|(选用上述短语填空/补全语段)　 ⑦Without proper training, you can pick_up a lot of bad habits when playing the piano. ⑧This picture was taken twenty years ago. I wonder if you can pick_out my younger brother. ⑨Stop picking_on that little boy. You should learn to get along well with him. ⑩The girl picked_off the leaves on her head and combed her hair carefully. ⑪When I was walking in the park, I picked_up a beautiful feather that was lying on the ground. It was so soft that I couldn't help but pick_it_out from the rest of the litter.当我在公园里散步时，我捡到了一根躺在地上的美丽羽毛。它是如此柔软，以至于我忍不住从其他垃圾中把它挑出来。 13．make use of使用，利用 |巧|串|记|　 Computers first came into use/were first put into use in the early 1950s. Now they are of great use in a wide range of fields. However, some students are addicted to computer games and give up their study, which has led to many parents and teachers complaining of the disadvantages of computers. It's no use complaining. What we should do is take measures to let the students know how to make good use of them. 计算机在20世纪50年代初首次投入使用。现在它们在很多领域都非常有用。然而，一些学生沉迷于电脑游戏而放弃学习，这导致许多家长和老师抱怨电脑的弊端。抱怨是没有用的。我们应该做的是采取措施让学生们知道如何充分利用它们。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)　 充分利用 (2)come into use 开始使用 put ... into use 把……投入使用 be of (great) use (很)有用的 It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的 名师指津：(1)make use of的变形：把use作为先行词变成定语从句的形式考查。注意：of不能省略。 (2)It is no use/useless doing sth.句型可以转变成find/think/consider＋it＋no use/useless doing sth.句型。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①There is an answering machine for you to make use of. ②We didn't need blankets to keep warm because the heating was of great use. ③Numbers came into use about 5,000 years ago in China. ④They think it no use trying (try) to persuade the stubborn man to change his mind. ⑤I think this is the best use that we can make_of_the money. ⑥We should_make_full_use_of/make_the_most_of_recycled waste to save energy and protect nature. 我们应该充分利用可以回收利用的废弃物来节约能源，保护自然。 14．break down (机器)停止运转，出故障；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之家庭关系)Patient and sincere communication can help break down the barriers between children and their parents.耐心真诚的交流有助于消除孩子与父母之间的隔阂。 |精|归|纳|　 break into　　　　 破门而入，强行闯入；突然开始(哭、唱等) break in 闯入；插话，打断 break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱 break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发 break up 分手；结束；(使)破碎；解散；放假 名师指津：break into中的into为介词，其后接宾语；break in为不及物动词短语，其中in为副词。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/补全语段)　 ①It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break_down,_but much less time for paper. ②The lecturer will tell us what to do if a fire breaks_out. ③Due to a terrible quarrel, we broke_up and he even broke_away_from our organization.I don't know how to _break_down our conflict，so could you please be kind enough to offer me some proposals? 由于一场激烈的争吵，我们的关系破裂了，他甚至脱离了我们的组织。我不知道如何化解我们的冲突，所以你能好心地给我一些建议吗？ 15．run out 用完，耗尽 |巧|串|记|　 Yesterday when running after the naughty boy in the yard, I ran into a tree and injured my head. My patience ran out so I ran out of my patience and lost temper. Finding that I was really mad, he ran away. However, I was still extremely angry. Just then I ran across something shiny under the tree. I picked it up and found it was the ring I had lost many years before, which made me overjoyed. 昨天我在院子里追赶那个调皮的男孩时，撞到了一棵树上，把头弄伤了。我的耐心耗尽了，所以我忍无可忍，发了脾气。发现我真生气了，他跑了。然而，我还是极度愤怒。就在这时，我在树下偶然发现了一个发亮的东西。我把它捡起来，发现这是我多年前丢失的戒指，这让我喜出望外。 |精|归|纳|　 run out of　　　　 用完；用尽；用光 run into 撞上；遭遇；达到 run across 偶然遇到；穿过 run after 追求；追赶，追逐 run away 逃离；突然离开 易混辨析：run out of/run out (1)run out of表示“用完，耗尽”时，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，相当于短语use up，可以用于被动语态。(2)run out表示“用完，耗尽；文件到期”时，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱、文件等名词，不能用于被动语态。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/同义句转换)　 ①I ran across some old letters while I was clearing out a cupboard. ②They used up their money and had to abandon the project. →They ran_out_of their money and had to abandon the project. →Their money was_run_out_of and they had to abandon the project. →Their money ran_out and they had to abandon the project. (运用本单元知识完成下列语段) 主题语境(1)——紧急救援 It was pouring and streets ①were_flooded(flood). John ②was_taking_shelter_from_the_rain (正在躲雨) at the bus stop when he saw a car break ③down in deep water. A child opened the window ④curiously (curious) to observe the rainwater beating the door outside.The driver and the passengers were stuck (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：⑤trapped) in the car.The frightened mother wanted to escape ⑥from the car with the child in her arms. Suddenly, being ⑦at_a_loss (不知所措), she slipped and was ⑧on_the_edge_of_breaking_down (处于崩溃的边缘). It seemed as if she were floating in the world of helplessness. ⑨Shocked (shock), John immediately came to their rescue. 主题语境(2)——洪水灾害 Our home ①was_damaged (damage) in the flood and we lost everything in it. We were lucky ②to_survive (survive). ③Trapped (trap) in the flood, we waited for rescue ④anxiously (anxious). I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking at (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：⑤observing) the stars. We stayed in the open air for three days before we were saved (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：⑥rescued). When we ⑦_were_running_out_of_food_and_water (快要用完食物和水), the rescue team came and we ⑧were_picked_up (被救起) and sent to another city. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$