专题 01 阅读理解 -备战2025年高考英语一轮复习精讲精练

第一部分阅读理解 一轮复习阅读理解的考法和做法，可以从以下几个方面进行阐述： 一、明确考试要求与题型特点 1. 了解考试大纲：首先，需要仔细研读考试大纲或课程标准，明确阅读理解的考查范围、题型分布及分值比例。这有助于在备考过程中做到有的放矢，合理分配时间和精力。 2. 熟悉题型特点：阅读理解常见的题型包括主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等。每种题型都有其独特的解题技巧和方法，需要在复习过程中加以掌握。 二、制定科学的复习计划 1. 分阶段复习：将一轮复习划分为不同的阶段，如基础巩固阶段、能力提升阶段和冲刺模拟阶段。每个阶段都应有明确的目标和任务。 2. 合理安排时间：根据自身的实际情况，合理安排每天的阅读量、练习量和复习时间。确保既有足够的时间进行知识点的回顾和巩固，又有足够的时间进行实战演练和查漏补缺。 三、注重阅读方法与技巧的训练 1. 快速阅读法：学会运用略读（skimming）和寻读（scanning）等快速阅读方法，迅速捕捉文章的主旨大意和重要信息。 2. 精读策略：对于需要深入理解和分析的文章段落，采用精读的方式，仔细阅读并标注关键词汇和句子，以便更好地把握作者的观点和态度。 3. 答题技巧：针对不同题型总结相应的答题技巧。例如，主旨大意题要注意寻找文章的主题句或概括性语句；细节理解题要准确找到原文中的相关信息并进行比对；推理判断题要根据文章内容进行合理推断等。 四、加强词汇与语法的积累 1. 扩大词汇量：通过阅读英文原著、报纸杂志等途径不断扩大自己的词汇量。同时，注意记忆单词的词义、用法和搭配关系。 2. 巩固语法知识：语法是理解英语句子的基础。在一轮复习中要注重对语法知识的系统梳理和巩固提高。特别是要掌握各种从句、非谓语动词、时态语态等复杂语法现象的正确使用。 五、多做真题与模拟题 1. 精选真题：选择近几年的高考真题或模拟试题进行训练。这些题目具有较高的权威性和代表性能够帮助学生更好地了解考试的难度和命题趋势。 2. 限时训练：在做题时要严格控制时间限制以提高自己的应试能力和心理素质。同时也要注意分析错题原因并及时纠正错误以避免重蹈覆辙。 六、保持积极的心态和良好的习惯 1. 树立信心：面对繁重的复习任务和激烈的竞争压力要保持积极乐观的心态相信自己能够通过努力取得好成绩。 2. 养成良好习惯：养成良好的阅读习惯和学习习惯如定时定量地阅读英文材料、及时整理笔记和总结归纳知识点等有助于提高学习效率和质量。 活学活用 一、阅读理解 For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed. 1．What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior? A．They are interested in acting. B．They are shy with the strangers. C．They are fond of their playmates. D．They are tired of playing games. 2．What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A．Design games for them. B．Find them suitable playmates. C．Play together with them. D．Help them understand social rules. 3．What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? A．Giving examples. B．Explaining concepts. C．Providing evidence. D．Making comparisons. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How Children Adapt to Changes B．How to Be a Role Model for Children C．How Your Baby Learns to Love D．How to Communicate with Your Kid In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. 5．What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain. 6．Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A．They lack debating skills. B．They may feel bad even if they win. C．They fear being ignored. D．They are not confident in themselves. 7．What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Defend. B．Explain. C．Conclude. D．Repeat. 8．What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author? A．Sense of logic. B．Solid supporting evidence. C．Proper manners. D．Understanding from both sides. Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other. Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night. As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind. As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change. 9．What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild? A．Living in a group. B．Growing beautiful feathers. C．Feeding on the ground. D．Avoiding coming out at night. 10．What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk? A．To attack back. B．To get away. C．To protect the young. D．To play dead. 11．Why would a balloon frighten a parrot? A．It may explode suddenly. B．It may be in a strange shape. C．It may have a strong color. D．It may move around quickly. 12．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B．To give advice on raising a parrot. C．To call for action to protect animals. D．To introduce a study on bird ecology. Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) will soon test a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies. A spaceship carrying the cooking equipment and other supplies was launched on Saturday from the Wallops Flight Facility in the United States. The shipment, weighing 3,700 kilograms, reached the space station on Monday. The goal is to explore the possibility of making freshly baked cookies for space travelers. American company Nanoracks designed and built the oven and helped with organizing the flight to the space station. Hilton Double Tree hotels supplied the cookie dough (生面团) the astronauts will use. In the past, space station crews have created their own pizzas using a thin, fiat piece of bread known as flatbread. Astronauts have tried other creative ways to make food, such as creating salads from vegetables grown in the space station. Results have been mixed. The cookie baking will be a slow process. The oven can heat just one cookie at a time. The test could take weeks before the astronauts have chance to try out freshly baked cookies. Five unbaked cookies have been in a space station freezer for several weeks. Each is in its own individual clear bag made out of silicone. The oven can heat foods to temperatures as high as 177°C． That is twice the temperature of the U.S. and Russian food warmers on the space station. The oven uses electric heating elements. Mary Murphy is with Nanoracks. Murphy says she expects a baking time of 15 to 20 minutes for each cookie when the oven is heated to about 163°C． She adds that the smell of baking cookies should fill the space station each time a cookie comes out of the oven. The oven’s first use will be the real test. Without the force of gravity, the astronauts do not know exactly how the cookie will look. Three of the space-baked cookies are to be returned to Earth for testing. 13．Why were the cooking equipment and other supplies sent to ISS? A．To promote the products from Hilton Double Tree hotels. B．To find possible ways to make freshly baked cookies there. C．To test the equipment’s cooking efficiency for of baking cookies. D．To discover the potential of making bread by using a special dough. 14．What can we learn from the foods astronauts ate previously on ISS? A．They must be heated to over 177℃. B．They were no different from those on the earth. C．All the foods were brought with them from the earth. D．Not all the planting experiments on ISS were successful. 15．Which of the following can best describe the new oven test? A．Environmental-friendly. B．Energy-efficient. C．Far-reaching. D．Time-consuming. 16．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．A newly-invented cooker is widely used on ISS. B．A new oven is to be tested to make cookies on ISS. C．Dessert-lovers will soon enjoy cookies coming from ISS. D．Astronauts have found creative ways to make food on ISS. Life in space will certainly take some getting used to! In a typical workday, crew members in the space station will spend 14 hours working and exercising, 1.5 hours preparing and eating meals, and 8.5 hours sleeping. Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station: Food Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth. In early space missions, astronauts could eat only freeze-dried food. But now the station is equipped with microwave ovens and refrigerators, allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food, including fruit, vegetables and ice cream! Sleep Each crew member has a private room. With no gravity, they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds, or they will float away! That might sound like a strange way to sleep, but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great! Exercise Exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth. Astronauts don’t stand up, sit down or walk in space, so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth. To fight this, astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes, rowing machines, and other equipment about two hours every day. Clothing Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while travelling aboard the U.S. shuttle or Russian rockets. But once they’re safe inside the space station, crew members can wear regular clothing. Of course, a specially designed, pressurized space suit is required for space walks. Personal Cleanliness Brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment. A little water doesn’t flow in a stream. Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(软管) to take showers, then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water. 17．How many hours does astronauts keep awake in the space station? A．14 hours. B．12 hours. C．8.5 hours. D．15.5 hours. 18．What do astronauts eat aboard the space station nowadays? A．More freeze-dried food. B．More like food on Earth. C．More adjust astronauts’ taste. D．More frozen food and ice cream. 19．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Astronauts brushing teeth can’t be a challenge. B．Astronauts wear special space suits in space station. C．Astronauts take some measures to guarantee daily life. D．Astronauts’ muscles have to work much in space. Just about 50 years ago, needing money to support my family—my novels weren’t bestsellers—I had the idea of taking the longest train trip imaginable and writing a travel book about it. The trip was improvisational (即兴的). I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying nor how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot, though it was obviously a leap in the dark. I set off with one small bag containing clothes, a map of Asia, a travel guidebook and some travelers’ cheques. I was often inconvenienced, sometimes threatened, now and then disturbed for bribes, occasionally laid up with food poisoning—all this vivid detail for my narrative. What I repeated in the more than four-month trip was the pleasure of the sleeping car. Writing on board the Khyber Mail to Lahore in Pakistan, “The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private, combining the best features of a cupboard with forward movement. Whatever drama is being shown in this moving bedroom is heightened by the landscape passing the window...” A train is a carrier that allows residence. I wrote The Great Railway Bazaar on my return in 1974, and it appeared to good reviews and quick sales. That’s the past. Nothing is the same. All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone, but much of the peace and order is gone. Who’d risk an Iranian train now or take a bus through Afghanistan? But I’ve been surprised by some of the more recent developments in travel. I rode on Chinese trains for a year and wrote Riding the Iron Rooster, but now China has much cleaner and swifter trains and modernized destinations. A traveler today could take the same trip I took in 1986—1987 and produce a completely different book. All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated, and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost. 20．What happened at the beginning of the author’s trip to Asia? A．He made full preparations for the trip. B．He had expected the journey to be rough. C．He organized the trip with his family’s support. D．He started the trip out of his passion for traveling. 21．Why did the author repeatedly recall the sleeping car? A．For its romantic scenery. B．For its reassuring privacy. C．For its full equipment. D．For its long distance. 22．What did the author try to convey by saying “Nothing is the same”? A．The landscape in Asia was gone. B．Train trip was no longer popular. C．He couldn’t write another bestseller. D．Transportation and travel had changed a lot. 23．Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Sharp tools make good work. C．Travel, truth is not the arrival card. D．The journey, not the arrival matters. For much of human history, ethical (道德的) behavior has been guided by the Golden Rule: do to others as you would have them do to you. But the rule is imperfect. What you want in a given situation may not be what another person desires at all. In the medical field, making or influencing choices for others can make all the difference. Such choices impact people’s quality of life and even their chances of survival. As health care becomes more individualized, the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the “platinum (白金) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov: do to others as they would want done to themselves. Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year. He begins with a story about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen, who was severely disabled. The care doctor, after seeing her twisted (扭曲的) body, was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange question: Did Ellen read magazines? “The question was frightening.” Chochinov writes, “this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen … but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life, but the gap between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor’s sense of what he would want in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule. “That’s when judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to break down,” Chochinov explained. Time is a limited resource in the health-care system, and there’s no denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours. Still, Chochinov believes such investment is cost-effective. There are benefits for doctors as well. “When they emotionally connect to their patients, they do a better job.” In certain cases, doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule. But there is value in the effort: at the very least, their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices. 24．Why is the platinum rule introduced to the medical field? A．To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment. B．To help doctors acquire accurate information. C．To increase chances of survival for patients. D．To make person-centered care accessible to patients. 25．What can we learn from Ellen’s story? A．A health crisis caused her disability. B．The doctor was curious about her hobby. C．The doctor gave little thought to her needs. D．Her brother sang high praises for the treatment. 26．Which statement might Chochinov agree with? A．Health care system needs investing. B．Time put into knowing a patient is rewarding. C．Trust between doctors and patients is important. D．Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout. 27．What is the author’s attitude towards the platinum rule? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Careful. D．Unclear. Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album (唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2,000 fluent speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year. The album, tilted DOAP oaV and pronounced ‘Ah’ ‘Nuh’ ‘Duh’ ‘Nah’ ‘Lees’ ‘Gi’, means “Performers” in English. It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk. With a planned release date of Labor Day weekend, the record company is using the platform of the National Cherokee Holiday to give this album as much exposure as possible. Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the “music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide”. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners. Featuring 12 Cherokee artists ranging from ages 14 to 50, you can see how this album is going to do a lot for the promotion of Cherokee music and can inspire people of any age to make music that connects with their heritage (遗产). The youngest contributor on the album, Lillian Charles, is only in 8th grade but had a major contribution to the Goth-pop song  “Circus”—a song she wrote at the age of 12. It originally written in English, she worked with translators Bobbie Smith and Kathy Sierra to be able to fully express herself in Cherokee. Projects like the DOOAP oaV album bring a modern approach to revitalizing language and culture and encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language. On average, a native language is lost forever every two weeks, and these people want to make sure that the Cherokee language isn’t one of them. 28．What can we learn about the album from paragraph 2? A．It has various musical styles. B．It is titled Performers in English. C．It sings high praise of Labor Day. D．It was exposed to the public by chance. 29．What’s Jeremy Charles’s expectation of the album? A．It will make a huge profit for the record company. B．It can help the 12 artists rise to fame overnight. C．It will satisfy the fans’ demand for pop music. D．It can fuel the youth’s interest in Cherokee language. 30．Which can best replace the underlined word “revitalizing” in the last paragraph? A．Translating. B．Reviewing. C．Restoring. D．Creating. 31．What’s the best title of the text? A．Alarming! The Cherokee Language is Dying B．Amazing! An 8th Grader is Releasing an Album C．Bringing Music to Life with Modern Technology D．Preserving a Language Through the Power of Music Last week, three days of cold rain had everyone in our house feeling a bit bad-tempered, especially my kid, who couldn’t go out to play. Then the music app on my phone recommended a station called “Rainy Day Jazz.” As the soft piano played, my daughter and I hugged closely, feeling comfortable and relaxed. Suddenly, our day was enjoyable. It turned out that Rainy Day Jazz was just the thing we needed. Life — especially life with young children — can often feel very busy and rushed. One of the great benefits of music is that it offers a safe and dependable place to feel our feelings. When we are afraid, sad, or happy, we can invite music in. Kids can be great at expressing their emotions, but they don’t always have the ability to regulate them and move through them. When kids engage with music, a sense of emotional security is increased, allowing them to feel safer to fully experience their feelings. Music has been a community practice throughout human history. Studies show that in early childhood, playing music in groups can increase cooperation skills and a sense of social belonging. In Pinkalicious and Peterrific, an educational children’s TV series, Peter is eager to share his musical experiences with others. Together, Pinkalicious and Peter make up their own happy song to sing and play, which cheers up the whole town. Music is for everyone. Lots of parents feel like they don’t have enough talent for music. Actually, they should let go of their insecurities about what they think music should be. Kids will love singing, dancing, and playing music with you no matter how it sounds. What’s the most important is to get them emotionally engaged. Ready to rock and roll? Here are some ways your family can interact with music. Make music accessible. You can empower your child to use music as an emotional support by giving them access to the tools they need. Talk about music. You can help your child explore the relationship between music and emotions by talking openly about your own relationship with music. Get your bodies moving. Children experience music in their bodies — not just in their minds! Music and movement are partners. 32．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Kids are able to adjust their emotions. B．Kids do well in showing their feelings. C．Music benefits children in many aspects. D．Music is a safe way to experience emotions. 33．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning a TV series? A．Music creates connection. B．Playing music brings fun. C．Cooperation skills are vital. D．Children are eager for music. 34．What does the author suggest parents do? A．Get rid of unnecessary worry. B．Become more skilled in music. C．Purchase expensive instruments. D．Get to know their own limitations. 35．How many ways of interacting with music are introduced? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. Several years ago, I was at a pre-season football practice at a high school where I was working with the team on a concussion (脑震荡) research project. The players were lined up in two rows facing each other and with little more instruction from the coach than, “on the whistle, hit the man across from you”, great concern rushed through my mind. Professional sports get the lion’s share of attention, but over three million children and teenagers in the United States play the same game. This directly places concussions as a significant public health concern for all. However, for decades, concussion has been considered a temporary injury with no long-term consequences. Many athletes will do just about anything to stay on the field and “play through the pain” as a sign of toughness. In 2005, with the release of the brain tissue pathology (病理学) report of Mike Webster a, a retired National Football League player, our thinking on concussion began to shift. Since then, public attention has focused on this link between brain injury and blows to the head. As our understanding of concussion progressed to understanding its significance as an injury, so too did the development of player equipment. In the early 1900s football was played without helmets (头盔), but severe injuries, like skull fractures, led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s. Modern helmets use advanced shell materials, have moveable panels to absorb forces, and multi-layered padding that responds to different impacts. Companies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available, guided by the newest science. Sports are an important part of a society’s culture and they give millions of children much-needed exercise. Yet, participation in any sport carries injury risk, and concussion will always be part of that. As those children become adults and make sport their hobby or even career, ensuring them play safely at all levels is essential. 36．What made the author feel concerned? A．The coach’s in experience. B．The physical conflicts among the players. C．Unawareness of the potential injuries. D．Unpredictable outcome of the project. 37．What did athletes use to do when meeting with sports-related concussion? A．They tended to ignore it. B．They felt scared about it. C．They quit playing immediately. D．They refused medical assistance. 38．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the helmet? A．Its gradual improvement. B．Its widespread influence. C．The discovery of its new materials. D．The difficulty of its mass production. 39．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Exercise is vital for children. B．Sports safety can’t be overemphasized. C．No participation in sports is without injuries. D．Concussion is the most common injury in sports. Benjamin Alexander, a 38-year-old man from Northampton shire, became the first athlete to represent Jamaica in an alpine skiing event (高山滑雪) at the Winter Olympics. But his story started in 2015. When he saw friends did the sport so skillfully, he was in awe and decided to take a ski lesson.” That first time, I fell 27 times on the way down the hill. I think a lot of people would have given up at that point.” “But I kind of just took that as the baseline. If I can aim for falling less than 27 times on the next hill, then I am progressing.” However, it wasn’t until two years later that Benjamin considered seriously competing in the sport. “In 2018, I went to the Winter Olympics as a spectator,” he said. “I noticed that there were only three athletes representing Jamaica. I found that very strange since my mother country is a powerhouse full of athletes in the summer game. So coming into 2019, I just had a plan to say, ‘Let’s see if this crazy idea of going to the Olympics is even possible. Let’s just go and ski for a little while and see what happens.’” he said. Alexander has no full-time coach. He built a support network that included Stokes and the US skier Gordon Gray, who called Alexander’s technique “terrible” but thought his lack of fear would give him an advantage in competition. A strategic approach and fearless technique have led the engineering graduate and former DJ not only to make sporting history but find success as a black athlete in a historically white sport. Alexander bills himself as a “reinvention expert” and has used skills learned in his other careers to develop his pursuit of skiing success. “I’ve been to 67 countries. I’ve spent a lot of my life on the road.” he said. “I’ve always loved to travel and a big part of my previous role as a DJ was getting myself out there, marketing myself in the right way, figuring out ways to get into venues, clubs and festivals that I wanted to perform at.” 40．What made Benjamin decide to compete in Olympics? A．His love for his motherland. B．His friends’ encouragement. C．His desire to change his life. D．His enthusiasm for alpine skiing. 41．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The challenges Benjamin met. B．The advantages Benjamin has. C．The way of Benjamin’s training. D．The reason behind Benjamin’s success. 42．What can we learn from Benjamin Alexander? A．Better late than never. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Never judge a book by its cover. D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 43．In which column will you read this passage on the Internet? A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Sports. D．Culture. Every holiday season, Patricia Gallagher fills her car with stuffed animals and drives around Philadelphia. She gives them not to kids but to seniors. Patricia’s holiday tradition started in 2009. “I just got this idea to call two nursing homes at random and ask if I could come and read It was the Night Before Christmas,” she said. She brought some of her kids’ stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read. “But when I went to gather them and take them back to go to the next nursing home, nobody wanted to give up their stuffed animals,” she added. It was then and there that she realized the power of a simple holiday gift. Patricia wanted to continue her tradition of giving, so she put an ad online, asking for gently used stuffed animals. In her first two years of collecting, she received more than 11,000 donated stuffed animals. She said sometimes local schools would hold stuffed animal collections on her behalf, or a child who outgrew their toys would donate. After receiving too many, Patricia started capping how many she would collect at a time, and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season. Then, she took them to nursing homes. “The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but they were conversation starters. It reminded them of their childhood,” she said. And she recalled one man said, “You know, I never wanted to go to school. And my father said if I would go that day, he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo. And you know what? This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.” Spreading joy isn’t just a holiday pastime for Patricia. She is also known as the “Happy Flower Lady” around Philadelphia, because she collects old flowers from stores and passes them out to anyone who needs a pick-me-up. “When you give, you really do get more back,” Patricia said. “Every morning, whether it’s the flowers or the stuffed animals, I have a purpose.” 44．Why did Patricia go to the nursing homes in 2009? A．To send gifts to the seniors. B．To read a story to the elderly C．To get over her loneliness. D．To get rid of her kids’ toys. 45．What does the underlined word “capping” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Limiting. B．Recording. C．Identifying. D．Doubling. 46．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．Seniors love good old days. B．Cute animals have healing effects on seniors. C．Giving makes seniors happy. D．Stuffed animals have more than one function. 47．What does Patricia think of her giving experiences? A．Rewarding. B．Entertaining. C．Timely. D．Tough. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.(此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出他们喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显不同。哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社交规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因，当您制定这些指导方针时，请解释其背后的原因)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”)(首先帮助孩子学会同情（(本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心?”）)”以及“then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”)(然后建议他如何解决这个问题(“如果你让他打球，也许他会感觉好些。”))”可知，这些引用是通过举例说明这两个建议：帮助孩子学会同情并解决问题，故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation(对很多孩子来说，蹒跚学步是建立友谊的重要时刻。研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极的关系，他们在青少年和成年人时期就越善于与他人建立联系。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社交行为，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社会规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel.( 另一种鼓励健康社交的方法是鼓励孩子用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。)”可知，本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选C项。 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知， 很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.(因为它们最大的敌人是鹰，鹦鹉对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感。)” 和下文“This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(这是一种不受逻辑或理性约束的内在反应。简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能移动速度快，让使鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。 13．B 14．B 15．D 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。一艘载有新烤箱和其他物资的宇宙飞船星期六从美国的瓦勒普斯飞行基地发射升空，宇航员将在国际空间站测试这种新烤箱，其目的是探索为太空旅行者制作新鲜出炉的饼干的可能性。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goal is to explore the possibility of making freshly baked cookies for space travelers.(目标是探索为太空旅行者制作新鲜出炉的饼干的可能性。)”可知，将这款烹饪设备和其他用品送入国际空间站是为了寻找在那里制作新鲜出炉的饼干的方法。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the past, space station crews have created their own pizzas using a thin, fiat piece of bread known as flatbread. Astronauts have tried other creative ways to make food, such as creating salads from vegetables grown in the space station.(过去，空间站工作人员用一种薄而扁平的面包制作了自己的披萨，这种面包被称为扁平面包。宇航员们尝试了其他创造性的食物制作方法，比如用空间站种植的蔬菜制作沙拉。)”可知，在空间站，工作人员用自己的方式制作了披萨，并尝试了创造性的食物制作方法，比如沙拉，由此可推测出，披萨、沙拉等食物与地球上的食物没有什么不同。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“The cookie baking will be a slow process. The oven can heat just one cookie at a time. The test could take weeks before the astronauts have chance to try out freshly baked cookies.(烤饼干的过程会很慢。烤箱一次只能加热一块饼干。测试可能需要数周时间，宇航员才有机会尝试新鲜出炉的饼干。)”可推测出，这款新烤箱测试将会很耗时。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句“Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) will soon test a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies.(国际空间站的宇航员将很快测试一种用于制作巧克力碎片曲奇的新烤箱。)”引出主题，即一款新型烤箱将在国际空间站进行测试，以便制作饼干。故选B。 17．D 18．B 19．C 【导语】本文为一篇应用文，文章主要从饮食、睡眠、锻炼、衣物和个人清洁几个方面介绍了宇航员在空间站内的生活。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In a typical workday, crew members in the space station will spend 14 hours working and exercising, 1.5 hours preparing and eating meals, and 8.5 hours sleeping.(在一个典型的工作日，空间站的工作人员将花14个小时工作和锻炼，1.5个小时准备和吃饭，8.5个小时睡觉。)”可知，宇航员在空间站保持清醒的时间为14+1.5=15.5小时。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth.(太空食物越来越好，越来越像我们在地球上吃的食物。)”可知，如今，宇航员在空间站上吃的食物更像我们在地球上吃的。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But now the station is equipped with microwave ovens and refrigerators, allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food, including fruit, vegetables and ice cream!(但现在空间站配备了微波炉和冰箱，让宇航员可以吃到更多的“正常”食物，包括水果、蔬菜和冰淇淋！)”、第三段“With no gravity, they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds, or they will float away!(没有重力，他们需要把自己绑在床上，否则他们就会飘走！)”、第四段“To fight this, astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes, rowing machines, and other equipment about two hours every day.(为了解决这个问题，空间站上的宇航员每天将在自行车、划船机和其他设备上锻炼大约两个小时。)”、第五段“Of course, a specially designed, pressurized space suit is required for space walks.(当然，太空行走需要特别设计的加压太空服。)”可推知，在太空中宇航员们需要采取一些措施来保障日常生活。故选C。 20．B 21．B 22．D 23．D 【导语】本篇是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者早年坐火车旅行并写旅行书籍的事迹，引发了作者对时代变迁和旅行的思考。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段的“I didn’t have a credit card. I had no idea where I’d be staying nor how long this trip would take. And I’d never written a travel book before. I hoped my trip wouldn’t suffer a lot, though it was obviously a leap in the dark.(我没有信用卡。我不知道我会住在哪里，也不知道这次旅行要花多长时间。我以前从未写过一本旅游书籍。我希望我的旅行不要太痛苦，尽管这显然是一次冒险。)”可知，作者并未对这个旅行做好充分的规划和打算，且准备不足，因此他期望旅途不要遭受太多苦难，由此推知，他预料到旅途的辛苦。故选B项。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The romance associated with the sleeping car comes from the fact that it is extremely private(卧铺车厢的浪漫之处在于它非常私密)”可知，作者认为卧铺车厢私密性好，这是作者一再提及卧铺车厢的原因。故选B项。 22．词义猜测题。该句前文“That’s the past.(那是过去的事了。)”讲到上面所讲述的有关火车的美好经历都已经是过去的事了，而该句后文内容“All travel is time-related. All such trips are singular and unrepeatable. It’s not just that the steam trains of Asia are gone, but much of the peace and order is gone.(所有的旅行都与时间有关。所有这些旅行都是独一无二的，不可重复的。不仅是亚洲的蒸汽火车消失了，而且大部分的和平与秩序也消失了。)”则讲到随着时间和社会的发展，旅行以及旅行方式也随之发生了变化，交通工具不一样了，和平秩序也消失了。由此可知，作者想通过“Nothing is the same”这句话表达“交通方式和旅行本身都随着时间（社会）的发展而变化了很多”这一含义。故选D项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“All travel books are dated. That’s their fault that they’re outdated, and it’s their virtue that they preserve something of the past that would otherwise be lost.(所有的旅行书籍都注明了日期。这是它们的错，它们已经过时了，它们的美德是它们保留了一些原本会丢失的过去。)”可知，在作者看来，旅行书籍具有时效性，会过时，其记录下来的旅途过程会成为一种“过去”，这反而是其值得珍惜的地方，因为过去会被遗忘，而这个对旅途过程的记录会将“过去”保存。由此可推知，作者认为旅途过程才是真正意义所在。因此，作者应是同意选项D“The journey, not the arrival matters.(重要的是旅程，而不是到达。)”的观点。故选D项。 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了医学领域实施的“白金法则”，作者认为实施这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“As health care becomes more individualized, the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the “platinum (白金) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov: do to others as they would want done to themselves.(随着医疗保健变得更加个性化，似乎是时候制定一项新的道德准则了——哈维·马克斯·乔契诺夫教授提出的“白金法则”：己所不欲，勿施于人)”可知，将“白金法则”引入医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。故选D。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The care doctor, after seeing her twisted (扭曲的) body, was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange question: Did Ellen read magazines? “The question was frightening.” Chochinov writes, “this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen … but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life, but the gap between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor’s sense of what he would want in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule. “That’s when judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to break down,” Chochinov explained.(护理医生在看到她扭曲的身体后，正在考虑是否要插入呼吸管，这时他问了乔奇诺夫一个奇怪的问题：艾伦看杂志吗?“这个问题很可怕。”乔奇诺夫写道：“这不是为了了解艾伦，而是为了判断她的生命是否值得拯救。”艾伦博览群书，享受生活中许多简单的乐趣，但她作为一个轮椅使用者的生活与医生对她的情况的理解之间的差距太大，无法用黄金法则来弥合。乔奇诺夫解释说:“这时，从你的立场来判断别人可能需要或想要什么就开始失效了。”)”可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生很少考虑到她的需要。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“Time is a limited resource in the health-care system, and there’s no denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours. Still, Chochinov believes such investment is cost-effective. There are benefits for doctors as well. “When they emotionally connect to their patients, they do a better job.”(在医疗保健系统中，时间是一种有限的资源，不可否认，要了解一个病人的个人情况意味着要投入额外的时间或时间。不过，乔奇诺夫认为这样的投资是划算的。这对医生也有好处。“当他们在情感上与病人建立联系时，他们会做得更好。”)”可推断，乔奇诺夫认为花时间了解病人是值得的。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In certain cases, doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule. But there is value in the effort: at the very least, their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices.( 在某些情况下，医生可能会发现很难应用“白金法则”。但这种努力是有价值的：至少，他们努力完成这项工作将确保他们对自己的选择是否明智有足够的谦逊)”可知，作者认为“白金法则”虽然难以应用，但是努力是值得的，因为医生努力解决问题将确保他们对自己选择的智慧有足够的谦虚。因此推断作者支持“白金法则”。故选B。 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk. (它是由一系列的当代音乐风格组成，包括流行音乐，雷鬼音乐，乡村音乐，重金属音乐，嘻哈和民间音乐)”可在，这张专辑有各种各样的音乐风格。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the“music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide”. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners. (Jeremy Charles是这张专辑的关键人物，他说，“这张专辑将让切罗基族艺术家和演讲者成为焦点，并增加我们在全世界的文化和语言的曝光度。”他希望这张专辑能够激励下一代人学习Cherokee语)”可知，Jeremy Charles希望这张专辑可以激发年轻人对Cherokee语的兴趣。故选D。 30．词句猜测题。由画线单词下文“encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language(鼓励年轻观众参与进来，开始学习Cherokee语)”可知，这些项目鼓励年轻观众开始学习Cherokee语，这说明这些项目能振兴语言和文化，即恢复语言和文化，由此可推知，划线单词revitalizing与C项“Restoring(恢复)”意思相近，故选C。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album(唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language.(保持一种语言的活力可以增强人们的认同感，最重要的是可以保存整个文化。这可能就是为什么一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家决定专门用这种高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑)”可知，文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言，D项“通过音乐的力量来保护语言”适合做文章标题，故选D。 32．D 33．A 34．A 35．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐是一种安全的体验情感的方式，当孩子们接触音乐时，情感安全感会增加，让他们感到更安全，可以充分体验自己的感受。并且音乐一直是一种集体实践，音乐适合每个人。 32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Life — especially life with young children — can often feel very busy and rushed. One of the great benefits of music is that it offers a safe and dependable place to feel our feelings. When we are afraid, sad, or happy, we can invite music in. Kids can be great at expressing their emotions, but they don’t always have the ability to regulate them and move through them. When kids engage with music, a sense of emotional security is increased, allowing them to feel safer to fully experience their feelings. (生活——尤其是有孩子的生活——常常会让人感到非常忙碌和匆忙。音乐的一大好处是它提供了一个安全可靠的地方来感受我们的感受。当我们害怕、悲伤或快乐时，我们可以邀请音乐进来。孩子们很擅长表达自己的情绪，但他们并不总是有能力调节自己的情绪。当孩子们接触音乐时，情感安全感会增加，让他们感到更安全，可以充分体验自己的感受)”可知，第二段的主要内容是音乐是一种安全的体验情感的方式。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Studies show that in early childhood, playing music in groups can increase cooperation skills and a sense of social belonging. In Pinkalicious and Peterrific, an educational children’s TV series, Peter is eager to share his musical experiences with others. Together, Pinkalicious and Peter make up their own happy song to sing and play, which cheers up the whole town. (研究表明，在儿童早期，集体演奏音乐可以提高合作技能和社会归属感。在儿童教育电视剧《Pinkalicious and Peterrific》中，Peter渴望与他人分享他的音乐经历。Pinkalicious和Peter一起创作了他们自己的快乐歌曲来演唱和演奏，这让整个小镇都欢呼起来)”可推知，作者提到一部电视剧是想告诉我们音乐创造联系。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Lots of parents feel like they don’t have enough talent for music. Actually, they should let go of their insecurities about what they think music should be. Kids will love singing, dancing, and playing music with you no matter how it sounds. What’s the most important is to get them emotionally engaged. (很多父母觉得他们在音乐方面没有足够的天赋。事实上，他们应该放下对音乐应该是什么的不安全感。孩子们会喜欢和你一起唱歌、跳舞、玩音乐，不管它听起来怎么样。最重要的是让他们在情感上投入)”可知，作者建议父母摆脱不必要的烦恼。故选A。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Here are some ways your family can interact with music. Make music accessible. You can empower your child to use music as an emotional support by giving them access to the tools they need. Talk about music. You can help your child explore the relationship between music and emotions by talking openly about your own relationship with music. Get your bodies moving. Children experience music in their bodies — not just in their minds! Music and movement are partners. (这里有一些你的家人可以与音乐互动的方式。让音乐触手可及。你可以通过给孩子提供他们需要的工具，让他们把音乐作为一种情感支持。谈论音乐。你可以通过公开谈论你自己与音乐的关系来帮助你的孩子探索音乐和情感之间的关系。让你的身体动起来。孩子们在他们的身体中体验音乐，而不仅仅是在他们的思想中！音乐和动作是搭档)”可知，介绍了三种与音乐互动的方式。故选C。 36．C 37．A 38．A 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述运动中的安全问题，以脑震荡为例，由一开始的忽视到后来得到重视的过程，来以此告诉我们运动中安全问题至关重要。 36．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Several years ago, I was at a pre-season football practice at a high school where I was working with the team on a concussion research project. The players were lined up in two rows facing each other and with little more instruction from the coach than, “on the whistle, hit the man across from you”, great concern rushed through my mind.（几年前，我在一所高中参加季前足球训练，当时我正与球队一起进行脑震荡研究项目。球员们面对面排成两排，在教练的指导下，‘哨声一响起，就打你对面的那个人’，我的脑海里闪过极大的担忧）”可知，作者当时正与球队一起进行脑震荡研究项目，而教练命令队员去打对面的人，由此可推论出，作者一定是担心教练没有意识到其中潜在的伤害。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“However, for decades, concussion has been considered a temporary injury with no long-term consequences. Many athletes will do just about anything to stay on the field and ‘play through the pain’ as a sign of toughness.（然而，几十年来，脑震荡一直被认为是一种暂时的伤害，没有长期后果。许多运动员会尽一切努力留在赛场上，‘带伤比赛’，以此作为坚韧的象征）”可知，运动员在遇到与运动相关的脑震荡时往往会忽视它。故选A项。 38．主旨大意题。根据第四段的内容“In the early 1900s football was played without helmets (头盔), but severe injuries, like skull fractures, led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s. Modern helmets use advanced shell materials, have moveable panels to absorb forces, and multi-layered padding that responds to different impacts. Companies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available, guided by the newest science.（在20世纪初，足球是不戴头盔的，但20世纪20年代，颅骨骨折等严重损伤导致偶尔使用皮头盔。20世纪50年代，第一个面罩进入了比赛。现代头盔使用先进的外壳材料，有可移动的面板来吸收力，还有多层衬垫来应对不同的冲击。随着新材料的出现，公司将在最新科学的指导下继续改进头盔）”可知，该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的改进与变化。故选A项。 39．推理判断题。根据文章的最后两句“Yet, participation in any sport carries injury risk, and concussion will always be part of that. As those children become adults and make sport their hobby or even career, ensuring them play safely at all levels is essential.（然而，参加任何运动都有受伤的风险，脑震荡永远是其中的一部分。随着这些孩子长大成人，把运动作为他们的爱好甚至职业，确保他们在各个层面上的运动安全至关重要）”可以推论出，运动安全怎么强调都不为过。故选B项。 40．A 41．D 42．D 43．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。38岁的Benjamin Alexander来自北安普顿，他是第一位代表牙买加参加冬奥会高山滑雪项目的运动员。文章主要介绍了他的成功历程。 40．推理判断题。根据第三段中““I noticed that there were only three athletes representing Jamaica. I found that very strange since my mother country is a powerhouse full of athletes in the summer game. So coming into 2019, I just had a plan to say, ‘Let’s see if this crazy idea of going to the Olympics is even possible. (“我注意到只有三名运动员代表牙买加。我发现这很奇怪，因为我的祖国是一个夏季比赛中充满运动员的强国。因此，到了2019年，我刚刚有了一个计划，我想说，‘让我们看看这个疯狂的想法去参加奥运会是否真的可能。’)”可知，Benjamin看到只有三名运动员代表自己的国家参加奥运会，于是他决定去参加奥运会，由此可推知，Benjamin决定参加奥运会是出于对祖国的热爱，故选A。 41．主旨大意题。通读最后一段，尤其是“but thought his lack of fear would give him an advantage in competition. A strategic approach and fearless technique have led the engineering graduate and former DJ not only to make sporting history but find success as a black athlete in a historically white sport. Alexander bills himself as a “reinvention expert” and has used skills learned in his other careers to develop his pursuit of skiing success.(但是他认为他缺乏恐惧会给他在竞争中带来优势。一种战略方法和无畏的技术使得这位工程学毕业生和前 DJ不仅创造了体育历史，而且作为一名黑人运动员在一项历史悠久的白人运动中获得了成功。亚历山大自诩为“再造专家”，并利用其他职业生涯中学到的技能来发展自己对滑雪成功的追求。)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了Benjamin成功的原因。故选D。 42．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“That first time, I fell 27 times on the way down the hill. I think a lot of people would have given up at that point.” “But I kind of just took that as the baseline. If I can aim for falling less than 27 times on the next hill, then I am progressing.”(“第一次，我在下山的路上摔了27次。我认为很多人会在那个时候放弃。”“但我只是把它当作基准线。如果我的目标是在下一座山上摔倒不到27次，那么我就在前进。”)”和倒数第二段中“Alexander has no full-time coach. He built a support network that included Stokes and the US skier Gordon Gray, who called Alexander’s technique “terrible” but thought his lack of fear would give him an advantage in competition(亚历山大没有全职教练。他建立了一个支持网络，包括斯托克斯和美国滑雪运动员戈登格雷，他们称亚历山大的技术“可怕”，但认为他的缺乏恐惧将给他在竞争中的优势。)”可知，Benjamin虽然没有全职教练，而且在锻炼的时候经常摔倒，但是他没有放弃，坚持下来，最终实现自己的梦想，由此可推知，从他身上，我们能学到的是只要愿意去做没有什么是不可能的，故选D。 43．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Benjamin Alexander, a 38-year-old man from Northampton shire, became the first athlete to represent Jamaica in an alpine skiing event (高山滑雪) at the Winter Olympics.(38岁的本Benjamin Alexander来自北安普顿，他是第一位代表牙买加参加冬奥会高山滑雪项目的运动员。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Benjamin Alexander是第一位代表牙买加参加冬奥会高山滑雪项目的运动员，并介绍了他的成功历程，由此可推知，你可以在网上的运动栏目读到这篇文章，故选C。 44．B 45．A 46．D 47．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Patricia Gallagher每到假日季节，就会在车里装满毛绒玩具，然后开车在费城兜风。这些玩具不是给孩子，而是给老年人。文章介绍了她这一传统开始的时间以及她对此的看法。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段“Patricia’s holiday tradition started in 2009. “I just got this idea to call two nursing homes at random and ask if I could come and read It was the Night Before Christmas,” she said. She brought some of her kids’ stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read.(Patricia的节日传统始于2009年。她说：“我突然想到随便给两家养老院打个电话，问他们能不能让我过去读读《圣诞前夜》。”她带了一些孩子们的毛绒玩具，让老人们在她读书的时候抱着)”可知，Patricia在2009年去养老院是为了给老人读故事。故选B。 45．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“After receiving too many, Patricia started(收到太多后，帕特丽夏开始)”以及后文“how many she would collect at a time, and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season(她一次能收集多少，并且说在节日期间她每周只能收集大约250个毛绒玩具)”可知，Patricia在收到太多毛绒玩具后，于是开始限制每次收集的数量，她说在假期期间她每周只能接收大约250只毛绒玩具。故画线词意思是“限制”。故选A。 46．推理判断题。根据第四段““The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but they were conversation starters. It reminded them of their childhood,” she said. And she recalled one man said, “You know, I never wanted to go to school. And my father said if I would go that day, he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo. And you know what? This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.”(“老年人想要毛绒玩具不仅是为了舒适，而且它们还能成为聊天的话题。这让他们想起了自己的童年，”她说。她记得一个男人说：“你知道，我从来不想去上学。我父亲说如果我那天去的话，他会带我去布鲁克林动物园。你知道吗？这是我在那里看到的第一个动物，它看起来就像这只长颈鹿。”)”可推知，毛绒玩具不止一种功能。故选D。 47．推理判断题。根据最后一段““When you give, you really do get more back,” Patricia said. “Every morning, whether it’s the flowers or the stuffed animals, I have a purpose.”(帕特里夏说：“当你付出的时候，你真的会得到更多的回报。每天早上，无论是买花还是毛绒玩具，我都有一个目标。”)”可推知，Patricia认为她的捐赠经历是有益的。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$