2023届高三英语一轮语法复习 第04讲 形容词与副词 讲义

►第04讲 形容词词和副词 一、形容词 （1）形容词的构成 某些动词词尾可以加-ing或-ed构成的形容词 amusing、amused astonishing、astonished disappointing、disappointed exciting、excited 带有-ly后缀的形容词 friendly、deadly、lovely、lonely、likely、lively、ugly 名词+y sun—sunny fun—funny 名词+ful power—powerful peace—peaceful 名词+al nation—national education—educational 名词+en wood—wooden gold—golden 名词+ous danger—dangerous fame—famous 名词+ish fool—foolish self—selfish 动词+ive act—active impress—impressive 动词+able comfort—comfortable reason—reasonable 动词+ent differ—different insist—insistent （2）形容词的句法功能 1）作定语 she is a pretty girl. 2）作表语 After a long walk I felt tired. 3）作补足语 The house was found empty. 4）作伴随状语 Hungry and tired，I had to stop to have a rest. （3）复合形容词的构成 1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered 4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged 5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year （4）形容词的位置 形容词作定语通常前置，以下情况后置 1、修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible 2、以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible 3、alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake 4、和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5、成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6、形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 7、enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000) A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序 熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。 ▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 二、副词 （1）副词的分类 时间副词 now then next just soon immediately late today tomorrow before already early finally 地点副词 everywhere far here there inside in out indoors outdoors midway downtown 方式副词:表示行为、动作、状态发生或存在方式的副词 angrily anxiously badly calmly carefully clearly closely nervously eagerly 程度副词 absolutely fully entirely enough little almost nearly much quite rather too very most 频度副词 Usually often sometimes never always forever seldom constantly frequently 评注性副词:对句子中陈述的观点进行评价的副词 Luckily happily fortunately honestly generally briefly perhaps 疑问副词 Where why when how wherever whenever however 连接副词 连接句子：besides though however therefore otherwise then 引导从句或不定式：where when how why 关系副词 定语从句的关系副词：where when why 其他副词 no certainly surely really （2）副词的句法功能 1）作状语（修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子） Swimming alone in the river is highly dangerous. 2）作表语 The meeting is over. 3）作定语 The surroundings here are very beautiful. 4）作补足语 He went to see her but found her out. 5）作介词的宾语 He lives not far from here. 三、形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。 项 目 例 句 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make 用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。） 倍数的表达 表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. 注意： 1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal； 2. 表示最高程度的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favorite, excellent, extreme, perfect, superior, junior等。 1.[2022 新高考全国卷I ] The GPNP 's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas ,and__________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2.[2022 全国卷甲] Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more__________(meaning). 3.[2022 全国卷甲] In the last five years ,Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro ,Africa's___________(high) mountain. 4.[2022 全国卷乙] As a main promoter of the International Tea Day ,the birthplace of tea and the_______(large)tea-producing country ,China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 5.[2021 新高考全国卷I] The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the__________ (hot)the spring! 6.[2021 新高考全国卷I] It will_____________(undoubted) help you get refreshed! 7.[2021 全国卷甲] Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their____________(day) routines. 课后练习 一、单项选择 1. He wasn’t to lift the case. A. too strong B. enough strong C. strong enough D. so strong 2. The food she has prepared for the party is not enough, for there are ______ people than she expected. A. so many B. fewer C. many more D. much more 3. Everybody said it was an ideal marriage; no one had ever known ______ couple. A. the happier B. a happier C. a happy D. the happiest 4. There are ten ______ men in wheelchairs listening to the stories. A. disabled B. disability C. disable D. disabling 5. ---- I did well in the English exam last week. ---- I did _____ . I got a full mark. A. no better B. no worse C. even worse D. not better 6. This ruler is too short. I need a one. A. long B. longer C. more long D. more longer 7. Go on climbing to the top of the peak, and you will see all the ______ hills. A. surround B. surrounded C. surrounding D. to surround 8. Antonio was ________ that he even showed ________ to Shylock. A. merciful; mercy B. mercy; mercifully C. kindly; pitiful D. mercy; to mercy 9. Some Chinese people believe that the more you drink, the closer your relation will be, and _________ the thing is to handle. A. the easier B. easily C. the more easily D. easier 10. My parents have always made me_______about myself,even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 11. Jane has been so ______ in getting used to everything that she hasn’t had time for social activities. A. confused B. worried C. devoted D. occupied 12. The poor man, ________, ran out of the dark cave. A. trembled and frightened B. trembling and frightened C. trembling and frightening D. trembled and frightening 13. The bank ______ from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. every day. A. opens B. keeps open C. keeps opened D. keeps opening 14. It's really _______ (amaze) to know that there're only seven bones in giraffes' long necks. A. amazingly B. amazed C. amazing D. amazement 15. With the final exams coming, Mark, the top student in our class, is not worried about Chinese, and _________ English. A. still more B. at least C. least of all D. better than 16. He has _____ energy that he can do the work of three ordinary men. A. such much B. so much C. many more D. more much 17. The child seemed________ when he found his present broken. A. to annoy B. annoying C. annoyed D. being annoying 18. The secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the applicants to have an interview. A. important B. spare C. public D. convenient 19. The American approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many people because there is less emphasis on learning facts _________ is true in the systems of many other countries. A. than B. that C. which D. what 20. ________, the boys were shouting and singing. A. Happy and excited B. Happily and excitedly C. Happily and excited D. Happy and excitedly 21. The man________ in a ghost costume looks quite________. A. dressed; frightened B. dressed; frightening C. dressing; frightened D. dressing; frightening 22. Beneath this________sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree. A. amazement B. amazing C. amazingly D. amazed 23. The ballet dancer’s confidence built up ________ as she gained more and more experience on the stage. A. mostly B. generally C. sharply D. gradually 24. Jane was so ______ for the news of her lost child that she was almost driven ______. A. proper; madly B. thirsty; mad C. sad; madly D. curious; mad 25. A cool drink will make you feel ____ in a hot summer day. A. good B. well C. bad D. badly 26. —Do you have a big library? —No, we don’t. At least, not______yours. A. as big as B. as big than C. as bigger than D. bigger as 27. She just stared at me, ________ a beautiful smile, which made me strangely _______. A. flashed, pleased B. flashing, pleasing C. flashing, pleased D. flashed, pleasing 28. He thinks that this popular book written by the young writer deserves _______,but in my opinion, the book written by the famous writer is _____ worth reading. A. to read; better B. reading; more C. to be read; more D. reading; better 29. ________ usual, I have forgotten something. A. As B. It’s C. As it is D. That is 30. Fortunately,everything worked out all right in the end. A. Easily B. Luckily C. Exactly D. Finally 31. — Did you take enough money with you? — Yes, but I spent _______ I had expected. A. not so many as B. as many as C. much more than D. much less than 32. She doesn’t speak ____________her friend, but her written work is excellent. A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as 33. In most cases, a parent’s behavior matters ________ more than ________ he or she says. A. very... that B. much... what C. far... which D. still... how 34. The number of students in this university is _____that of ten years ago. A. ten times as large as B. ten times large C. ten times large as D. as large as ten times' 35. His first book is of great use for our course. But his latest one is ____ worth reading. A. better B. more C. much D. very 36. It’s generally believed that the popular South Korean drama Man From the Stars is ________ in creative storylines as in pretty faces and fashion. A. such a successful example B. so successful an example C. as a successful example D. as successful an example 37. Young parents are advised to choose natural food ________ free of chemicals for their children to make sure of their health. A. rarely B. occasionally C. absolutely D. mostly 38. His curious words left me ________ about his real purpose. I don’t think I should take them________. A. wonder …seriously B. wondering…literally C. to be wondering…for granted D. wondered…as usual 39. Another group of Qing Tombs sits about 100 kilometres ______ of Beijing. A. at the west B. the west C. to west D. west 40. —Why didn’t Jim come to school this morning? —Because there was _______ with his legs. A. nothing wrong B. wrong something C. something wrong D. anything wrong 41. More freeways have been built in China, ________ it much ________ for people to travel from one place to another. A. making; easily B. making; easier C. to make; easier D. to make; easily 42. It’s so cold this morning. I can’t remember ________ before. A. a cold day B. the coldest day C. a colder day D. the colder day 43. For students, there is nothing like smartphones that get us ________ when we are trying to concentrate on study. A. to distract B. distracting C. distracted D. distraction 44. I wish you’d do _____ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more 45. —What do you think of Wilson’s speaking? — No one does ________ in our school. A. good B. well C. better D. best 46. It was on his way home ________ he ________ his wallet. The next morning he found it ________. A. that; lost; missing B. where; missing; lost C. which; missed; lost D. that; lost; missed 47. Mr. Stevenson is great to work for ——I really couldn’t ask for a ________ boss. A. better B. good C. best D. still better 48. _________about the application of the strategy(策略), most teenagers are interested in the novel _________the Second World War. A. Concerned, concerned B. Concerning, concerning C. Concerned, concerning D. Concerning, concerned 49. We should not leave the door _____.when we leave. A. opening B. opened C. open D. opens 50. The play is ________ worth ________. A. very, seeing B. good, to see C. well, seeing D. well, to see 51. Hostels used to provide cheap accommodations for people under the age of 25. _______ , hostels don’t have any age requirements. A. Nowadays B. Meanwhile C. However D. Therefore 52. Your coat is smarter than mine, but mine is _________ cheaper than yours. A. somewhat B. a lot of C. well D. so 53. She took a deep breath to calm herself, but her voice still sounded ________. A. excitement B. excited C. exciting D. excitedly 54. _____ on the fact, the moving movie moved the___ audience. A. Base , moved B. Basing , moved C. Based , moved D. Basing , moving 55. The manager has a ________ schedule this month, so he can’t make it to this meeting. A. flexible B. firm C. tight D. close 56. It's said that __________ is going to give us a lecture. A. an American famous young B. a famous American young C. a famous young American D. a young famous American 57. ______ by the ______ news, he made up his mind to work as a doctor ______ people. A. Inspired, encouraged, serving B. Inspired, encouraging, served C. Inspired, encouraged, served D. Inspired, encouraging, serving 58. ________ and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising 59. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are _______ to inform you...” A. delightful B. delighted C. delight D. to delight 60. The players, ________ came from a big city, were practicing playing basketball on the playground. A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest one D. the tallest of them 二、完成句子 61. 购物前，能够比较不同网络商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。 ______ ______ ______ be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before buy. 62. 我觉得我已经被赋予了第二次生命，可以献身于一些有意义而宏大的事情。 I feel that I’ve been given a second life to______ something that is ______ and enormous. 63. 熊猫是世界上最稀有的动物之一，也是中国独有的动物。 Pandas, among the rarest animals in the world, are __________ __________ China. 64. ________, the letters did not contain the usual warnings to children that they might not receive their presents if they were not good. 有趣的是，信里没有那些常见的对孩子的警告，比如表现不好就得不到礼物之类的话。 65. 我们约定星期五在公园见面，那里的空气呼吸起来很舒服，风景特别美丽。 We are to meet on Friday in the park, where the air is good to breathe and________. 66. 这对所有相关人员来说都是一个非常有压力的情况。 It’s________ ________ ________ ________ for everyone concerned. 67. In heavily __________ areas, half the population become blind. 在受污染严重的地区,有一半人口失明。 68. Her father was an________ man. 她父亲是个古怪的人。 69. 那姑娘看到这景象后很惊讶，不知道说什么。 The girl ,________, didn’t know what to say. 70. 他们比我们更加意识到技术应用在教育中的重要性。 They ________of technology’s uses in education than we are. 71. 他们能够对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。 _________ are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 72. 鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。 The Eagles went home _______ and _______ because they did not win the tournament. 73. 然而，她初次见到机器人的时候感到惊恐。 However, when she first saw the robot, she________ ________. 74. 严重的洪水和干旱会导致疾病传染，并对我们的生活产生意想不到的影响。 ________can cause disease infections and________ our lives. 75. 他对自己的新车感到满意。 He ______ ______ ______ his new car. 76. 有些人刷牙的时候不关水龙头或者出门的时候不关灯。(leave+宾语+宾补) Some people _______________ while brushing their teeth or ___________when going out. 77. _________ _________ we know about this lovely creature, ________ _________the chance it will survive... 我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它生存的机会就越大...... 78. 如果你积极外向，其他人都会愿意跟你做朋友。 If you are positive and ________, others would like to make friends with you. 79. Mr. Heath is the ________ Prime Minister of Britain. 希思先生是英国前任首相。 80. 慷慨友善的人会得到更多的快乐作为回报。(reward) People ________more happiness. 81. 在你方便的时候,我们见面喝一杯吧。 Let’s meet and have a drink when_________________________. 82. 他现在足够大了,能照顾自己了。 He is ________now. 83. 当然欢迎你上台表演，这样可以给音乐节带来色彩和欢乐。 You are definitely _____ _____ show up on stage, and it will ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ our festival. 84. Police believe the fire was started ___________. 警方认为有人故意纵火。 85. 我们需要一个温柔的声音。在这方面，女性应该比男性更受欢迎。 [词汇复现] We need a tender voice. ________________, a female should be ________________ a male. 86. 同伟大的欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——这是我梦寐以求的冒险。我已经准备好了。19岁的时候，我身体健康而且精力充沛。然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格。 An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Emest Shackleton— this is the adventure that I ________ ________ ________ ________. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me ________ because he thought I was too young and wasn’t ________. 87. 他是一个多才多艺的学生，因此获得了老师的高度赞扬。 He is a student of many gifts, so he ________ ________ ________ ________ by his teachers. 88. 她很能体谅他人的感情。She is very ______other people's feelings. 89. When taking examinations, you'd better make your answers ________. 参加考试时，你应该使你的答案正确。 90. 直到散会他才开始教我英语。(not...until...的强调句型) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ he began to teach me English. 三、语法填空 1 There are all kinds of 91 (festival)throughout the world，festivals to satisfy and please the ancestors，to honor some famous people 92 important events，and to express people’s gratitude to the God for bringing them a year of plenty .For example，Japanese observe Obon ,when people go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 93 India，October 2 is a national festival to honor Mohandas Gandhi，who helped India become an 94 (depend) country .And in China the Spring Festival, 95 is celebrated in January or February，is the 96 (much)energetic and important because it is a festival that 97 (look) forward to the coming of spring .Why are all these festivals everywhere？Because during the festivals，people can get together 98 ( eat)，drink and have fun with each other, 99 (forget) all the 100 (day) struggles and demands for a while. 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly 101 (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research 102 (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. "People who forgive show 103 (little) anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people 104 (feel) more energetic." So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something 105 gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an 106 (apologize). “Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing," says Dr. Luskin. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in 107 same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time." Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean 108 (accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person's perspective. You may realize that he 109 she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 110 (you) from that person's point of view. 3 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is 111 (well) suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. 112 its high altitudes(海拔), long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, 113 the rest are made into raisins for easy storage. In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that results from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and 114 (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious 115 (sweet) to the locals. In mid-September, 116 their Seedless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes 117 (transport) to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes 118 (hang) on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put 119 in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the 120 (burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 121 was Zhang Zhifu , a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   122 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 123 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 124 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 125 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 126 (bring) many changes to the world’s 127 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 128 (treasure) come alive again. “ 129 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 130 people’s daily lives,” he said. 5 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are four ways 131 which British and American English differ from each other. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are a few 132 (differ) in grammar, too. The British say Have you got…? 133 Americans prefer Do you have…? The British use prepositions 134 Americans sometimes omit them. The other two areas in which the two varieties are different are spelling and 135 (pronounce). However,with communications 136 (develop) 137 (steady) for over a century, some experts believe that the two varieties 138 (move) closer together due to satellite TV and the Internet. English 139 (speak) with different accents; in the future, there are going to be many “ Englishes ”. In spite of this, users of English will have no difficulty 140 (understand) each other. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$