2023届高三英语一轮语法复习 第03讲 代词 讲义

第03讲 代词 I. 代词的句法功用 作主语 She is a beautiful girl. 作宾语 John fell in love with her. 作表语 The book is mine. 作同位语 We both come from Beijing. 作定语 She is my mother. II. 代词的分类 1 人称代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 形容词性物主代词 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 2 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 3 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some 4 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 5 关系代词/连接代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 6 不定代词 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either 7 相互代词 each other, one another III. 反身代词的主要搭配 apply oneself to致力于 devote oneself to专心于 help oneself 随便吃、随便用 of oneself自动的 by oneself独自地 dress oneself自己穿衣、打扮 seat oneself坐下来 talk to oneself自问自答 .behave oneself举止良好 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 say to oneself心里想 come to oneself苏醒过来 for oneself亲自 teach oneself自学 IV. 不定代词用法注意点 类 别 区 别 例 句 many和much many修饰可数名词复数;much修饰不可数名词 1 There are trees in the forest. 2 We don’t have time to waste. one, some, any和it one可以泛指人或者事(东西),其复数为ones ①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found _ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it D.them ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等 —Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico.Would you like _? A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个 ①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —_way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either one指同类中的一个,it指代同一种类的东西。此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。 —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句 ①There’s _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little, some D.a little, any ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _. A.none B.either C.any D.each ③He doesn’t have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much each和every each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. none和no no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以 ①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. other和another other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way; the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others ①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract. A. another B. the other C. neither D. each ②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事” ①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so let’s have _ one this month. A.the other B.some C.another D.other ②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. ③Some like football, while others like basketball. either和neither 前者意思为:两者都(两者中任何一方都);后者意思为:两者都 ①—Do you want tea or coffee? — _, I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all ②It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each 不定代词的否定问题 (1) no one, none, nobody, nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。 None of us was going to the party. 我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。 (2) 当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等以及“every+名词”的句子中时,不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。 Not all of them smoke. All of them don't smoke. 他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。 Not everyone likes music. 并不是所有的人都喜欢音乐。 it的考点 1. it 指天气、时间、距离、环境 It is twenty miles from here to the village. 从这里到那个村庄有20英里路 2. it代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法等 Although he didn’t like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影,但我还是决定去看一看 3. 身份不明的人或婴儿 What will you call it if it is a boy? 要是男孩的话,你会给他取个什么名字? 4. it用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。常考it作形式主语的句型如下: It is a pity that you can’ t go with her. 你不能和她一起去真是太遗憾了。 I find it easy to get on with John. 我发现和约翰相处很容易。 5. 表示“喜欢、爱恨”等心理活动的动词后面接it作形式宾语再接从句,it为形式宾语,指代后面的从句,这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.不得不用法语打电话,我感到很厌烦。 I would appreciate it if you could help me. 如果您能帮我,我将不胜感激。 6. It用于强调句型中 It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other.我们是在一起工作过的农场上相互认识的。 7. it可用于意义表达不明确的语境中,通常不指代内容; get it(明白了);make it(成功了);forget it(算了) 不定代词用于习惯搭配中 nothing but 仅仅,只是 something of 有几分,略微 all but 几乎,差不多 if anything 要说有什么两样的话 anything but 决不 or something 诸如此类的人或物 every other day 每隔一天 have something/nothing to do with...与......有/无关 考向1 人称代词 1. (2023届安徽省皖豫名校联盟第三次联考试题)When they take the vivid stories and experiences back to_(they) home countries, it will benefit the people of those countries and promote cultural exchanges,” he said. 2. (2021年新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _(I).While you’ re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit! 考向2 反身代词 1.(2023届湖南省郴州市高三适应性考试(三模))Octopuses have the amazing ability to hide_ (they) in their environments, using unique organs in their skin that can shrink and expand within seconds. 考向3 it 1.(2023届四川省大数据精准教学联盟三联试题)If you’re suffering from brain fog or finding _hard to concentrate, poor circulation is probably to blame. 2. (2021年全国乙卷)Ecotourism has _63_(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2022年全国乙卷) The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening_ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—— A Special Exhibition of Pu’s er Tea. 2.(2022年北京卷) Since people can’t always eat out or cook for _ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. 3. (2021年新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “ will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _ (I). 4. 4.( 2021年全国乙卷) Ecotourism has _ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 课后练习 一、单项选择 1. Mom promised to buy me a nice gift for my birthday, _beyond my imagination. A. the one B. that C. which D. something 2. — Are the two dresses of the same size and price? — Yes. You may take , if you like. A. everyone B. all C. each D. either 3. I had thought I would have difficulty in solving the problems, but as a matter of fact, I met _. A. no one B. none C. nothing D. neither 4. It is so difficult a problem that _ student in this class _ work it out. A. any; can't B. no; can C. every; can D. no; can't 5. Never should we forget the war and sufferings _ caused to the people. A. it B. which C. that D. what 6. "Not all birds can fly" means . A. All birds can not fly B. No birds can fly C. None of birds can fly D. All birds can fly 7. If you enjoy reading, then _do that whenever you want. A. by all means B. by no means C. anything but D. nothing but 8. Could you tell me where you bought your beautiful handbag? I want to buy _ too. A. one B. that C. this D. it 9. The river was once with fishes, but now we find as a result of pollution. A. alive, none B. lively, nothing C. live, none D. living, nothing 10. —Wow! You’ve got so many clothes. —But _ of them are in fashion now. A. all B. both C. neither D. none 一、用单词的适当形式填空 1.This type of drum dance is commonly seen performed during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities, thus expressing _41_ (people) hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come. 2.Getting into the spirit of Lunar New Year, the woman said her hope for the Year of the Rabbit is “health, happiness, prosperity and peace for everyone, and _44_(equal) for everybody and every culture. 3.In _44_(add), Hangzhou will also increase forest coverage along the river in partnership with Huangshan, which perfectly matches President Xi Jinping’s concept of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” 4.The short dance, which lasted less than two minutes, was seen as a _38_(combine) of contemporary art and traditional Chinese culture. 5.These _39_ (condition) provide a favorable environment for the blue sandalwood (檀香) tree and rice growing, offering the materials needed to make the best Xuan paper. 6.China Post has its unique advantages in developing coffee shops: public data shows that by the end of 2020, there were 54, 00Q postal offices and 43, 000 _45_(deliver) service outlets (网点) in China. 7. One of the best _58_(option) available for them is home care Rockville, which offers numerous benefits that are hard to match with other forms of care. 8.“My _40_ (inspire) for the project was the great beauty I discovered in China’ s culture, landscapes, and more. 9.Wu believes the Grand Canal is often compared with the West Lake, one of the most famous scenic_41_ (attraction)in Hangzhou. 10. Spyce offers various _63_ (choose) of food in Latin, Mediterranean and Asian styles. 二、完成句子 1.一句多译 给我印象最深的是他歌唱得好。 ①_ was that he sang well.(what) ②_ that he sang well.(it做形式主语) 2.很显然,他是在和我们开玩笑。 _he is playing a trick on us. 3.在中国建立了更多的高速公路,使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更容易。 More freeways have been built in China, _ _ _ _ for people to travel from one place to another. 4._ likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。 5.她好像没有什么亲密的朋友。 _ _ _she doesn’t have any close friends. 6.The presidents of the two developing countries are holding another round of negotiations in a friendly _. A.climate B.situation C.phenomenon D.Atmosphere 7.The girl got into a _ when she heard the frightening news. A.anxiety B.worry C.disorder D.Panic 8.The tomato juice left brown _ on the front of my jacket. A.spot B.point C.track D.Trace 9.When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manger. A.location B.profession C.career D.Position 10.Any _ is required to fill in the form first. A.participate B.participates C.participant D.Participation 三、语法填空 1 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 81 (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 82 the cheeks. This is also common in France, 83 the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 84 universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 85 (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 86 (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 87 (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 88 (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 89 (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 90 (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 2 A twist of fate When Tamara Rabi met Adriana Scott at a local McDonald’s restaurant, their lives changed forever. “I didn’t know what to say 91 ‘hi’. I was just so shocked - it was like seeing myself,” says Adriana. They were both students at neighbouring universities in Long Island, New York, and they had grown up only 30 kilometres apart. They shared a birthday, they were exactly the same height and both loved hip hop. But the most important thing 92 was shared between them was the same Mexican mother. Both girls grew up knowing that their mother 93 (give) them up for adoption when they were born, but they had no idea 94 they had a twin sister. Then, Justin Lattore, a friend of Adriana’s, went to Tamara’s twentieth birthday party. When he walked in and saw Tamara, hardly 95 he believe his eyes. “I was just shocked - she looked so much like Adriana,” says Justin. Then it got clear - they had to be sisters. In fact, Tamara had already noticed that strangers on her university campus often smiled and said hello, clearly 96 (mistake) her for someone else. Following the birthday, Justin put the two girls in touch and they arranged the McDonald’s meeting by email. “ 97 she came towards me, she was walking like me, talking like me,” says Tamara. “We have the same mannerisms, the same interests and got the same grades at school,” adds Adriana. The girl even discovered that as children they had often had the same nightmare of a really loud noise 98 (follow) by a very quiet one. They had another sad factor in common. 99 of their adoptive fathers had died a few years before they met. Now the twins are finishing their studies, and they meet often. “I feel she’s my sister, but our relationship right now is more like friends,” says Tamara. She’s optimistic and excited that their futures will be together. “We will always have each other. We don’t have any other brothers and sisters - we are sure 100 (grow) old together!” 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$