Unit 2 Improving Yourself 知识点梳理 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Improving Yourself知识点梳理 重点单词 （一）核心单词 1．switch v. (用开关)改变，转换 2．deadline n. 截止时间；最后期限 3．profile n. 概况 4．towel n. 毛巾 5．item n. 一件商品(或物品) 6．district n. 地区，区域 7．nail n. 钉子 8．vision n. 构想，设想 9．toothpaste n. 牙膏 10．soap n. 肥皂 11．lifelong adj. 终身的 12．likewise adv. 同样地；相似地 13．headline n. 媒体报道的热门话题；标题 14．jar n. (玻璃)罐子，广口瓶 15．procrastination n. 拖延 16．spit v. 吐口水，吐唾沫 17．headphones n. (头戴式)耳机 18．bin n. 垃圾箱 19．considerate adj. 替他人着想的 20．moderator n. 主持人 21．detox n. 脱瘾 22．fundraising n. 募捐，筹款 （二）重点单词用法归纳 1．motivate v．激发，激励 归纳拓展： (1)motivate sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事 be motivated by...受……激励/激发；出于……的动机 (2)motivation n．动力，积极性；动机 How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently? 你如何激励人们努力并高效地工作呢？ Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 没有动力，你既不能设定目标也不能实现它。 2．occupy v．占用，占去(时间) 归纳拓展： (1)occupation n．职业；占领，占用 (2)occupy oneself with sth.忙于某事 occupy oneself (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 (3)occupied adj.忙于……的；被占领的 be occupied with sth.忙于某事 be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities. 工作太忙，我一直没有时间参加社会活动。 The doctors have been occupying themselves in treating the patients with COVID19. 医生们一直忙于治疗患新冠肺炎的病人们。 3．access n．接触的机会 归纳拓展： (1)access to...……的通道，……的机会/权利 have/gain/get access to...使用/进入……的权利/机会 (2)accessible adj. be accessible to...可接近……；易使用……；可进入…… The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。 One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是去哪儿都很方便，比如商店和餐馆。 4．rely v．(为生活或生存而)依赖 归纳拓展： rely on/upon sb./sth.依靠某人/某物 rely on/upon sb./sth. to do sth.指望/信任某人/某物做某事 rely on it that...(it为形式宾语)相信/指望…… You can rely on me to keep your secret. 你可以相信我，我为你保密。 You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. 你放心好了，他会来见你的。 5．promote vt.推动；促进，增进；提升 归纳拓展： (1)promote sb. to...提升某人为…… (2)promotion n．促进；推广；推销 (3)promoter n．承办者；倡导者 The band has gone on tour to promote their new album. 这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新专辑。 Helen was promoted to senior manager. 海伦被提升为高级经理了。 词性转换 1．security n. 安全→secure adj. 安全的；可靠的 →securely adv. 安全地 2．motivate v. 激发，激励→motivation n. 动力；动机；积极性 →motivated adj. 积极的；主动 的 3．occupy v. 占用，占去(时间)→occupation n. 占领；占用；职业 →occupied adj. 已被占用的； 忙于……的 4．distract v. 分散(注意力)，使分心→distraction n. 使人分心的事 →distracted adj. 注意力分 散的；思想不集中的 5．constant adj. 连续的；不断的→constantly adv. 持续不断地；经常地 6．access n. 接触的机会→accessible adj. 可进入的；易得到的；易接近的 7．rely v. (为生活或生存而)依赖→reliable adj. 可靠的；值得信赖的 →reliably adv. 可靠地 8．clarify v. 澄清，讲清楚，阐明→clarification n. 澄清；阐明 9．promote v. 促进，增进→promotion n. 促进 10．necessity n. 必需品→necessary adj. 必需的；必要的 →necessarily adv. 必然地；不可避免 地 11．finance n. 财务→financial adj. 财政的；金融的 →financially adv. 财政上；金融上 12．invest v. 投资→investment n. 投资 13．equip v. 使有知识和技能，使能够胜任→equipment n. 设备；装备 14．benefit n. 益处；利益→beneficial adj. 有裨益的；有利的 15．embarrass v. 使尴尬→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 →embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 16．value n. 价值；价值观→valuable adj. 很值钱的，宝贵的 17．choose v. 选择→choice n. 选择 18．appropriate adj. 恰当的；合适的→appropriately adv. 恰当地，合适地 19．objectively adv. 客观地→objective adj. 客观的 重点短语 1．make full use of充分利用 2．lose one's temper发脾气 3．junk food垃圾食品 4．on average平均，通常 5．social media社交媒体 6．switch on打开 7．miss out失去；遗漏；不包括……在内 8．instead of代替；而不是 9．throw in the towel认输 10．max out (钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆 11．in contrast to与……形成对比 12．rely on依靠，依赖 13．personal finances(个人的)财务管理 14．what's worse更糟的是 15．to be honest说实话 16．give in屈服；让步 17．other than除了 18．raise money筹钱 19．vary from...to...从……到……不等 20．put off推迟；延期 21．work out解决(问题)；找到解决办法；制定出；锻炼 22．come up with提出，想出 23．in control of管理……；控制……；掌管…… 24．pass by经过；走过；逝去 25．turn over翻身；翻转；仔细考虑；移交 重点句型 1．with复合结构即with＋宾语＋宾补 “with＋宾语＋宾补”在句中常作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有： 【教材原句】 With the detox now finished, they've switched on their devices and they're back online. 现在戒瘾活动结束了，他们打开了自己的电子设备，又回到了网上。 【经典例句】 ①China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs. 中国的形象正在稳步提升，越来越多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。 ②I will have to buy a new pair with my glasses broken．由于眼镜碎了，我不得不买一副新的眼镜。 With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here. 由于有很重要的事情和你商量，你必须留在这儿。 2．that引导表语从句 that引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。【教材原句】 The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness. 消费观教给我们的价值观是要为自己的幸福负责。【经典例句】 ①One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 一种观点是睡眠可以帮助我们强化新的记忆。 ②The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late. 他上学迟到的原因是他起晚了。 3．动名词(短语)作主语动名词(短语)作主语多表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，谓语动词常用单数形式。动名词(短语)作主语时，有时用It作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构： It is no use/good＋doing...做……是没用的 It is a waste of＋n.＋doing...做……是浪费…… 【教材原句】 Doing the detox meant we had to talk and explain what we were doing and thinking! 脱瘾意味着我们必须谈论并解释我们在做什么和想什么！【经典例句】 ①Reading English loudly in the morning will do you a lot of good. 早晨大声读英文将对你有许多好处。 ②Swimming is one of Mr. Wang's favorite hobbies in his spare time. 游泳是王先生闲暇时最喜欢的业余爱好之一。 ③It's no use crying over spilt milk. 事已至此，后悔也没有用了。 重点语法——过去完成时的被动语态 一、构成肯定式：主语＋had been done. 否定式：主语＋had not been done. 一般疑问式：Had＋主语＋been done? 二、用法 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的被动动作，表示“过去的过去”常与by, before, when, until, by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。 A new agreement had been signed by the time we got there. 等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署。 The house had been picked up by the hurricane before they took measures. 在他们采取措施之前，房子已经被飓风卷走了。 2．表示从过去某一时间开始延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与 for, since引导的表示一段 时间的短语或从句连用。 It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场销售活动已经做了好几个星期的广告了。 3．用在said, told, knew, thought, wondered 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示在这些动作之前已经 发生的被动动作。 The architect told us that the project had been completed．那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经完工了。 We know that they had been punished twice for doing that, so we dared not go to see the film. 我们知道他们已经因为做那件事而被惩罚两次了，因此我们不敢去看电影了。 4．根据语意可以判断出两个过去动作先后的被动语态，先发生动作用过去完成时。 He had to leave his house because it had been flooded． 他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹没了。 5．在It was the first/second... time that...的从句中，主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时 的被动语态。 It is the first time that we have been criticized here. 这是我第一次在这儿受批评。 It was the second time that his bike had been stolen. 那是他的自行车第二次被盗。 6．在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时 的被动语态。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 要是我早些时候被邀请，我就会和你一起去了。 If I had been given another day, I would have done it much better. 如果再给我一天时间，我会把这事做得好得多。 7．在 Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...和 No sooner...than...句型中，when 和 than 从句里用一般 过去时，主句的谓语为过去发生的被动动作，且用倒装，表示“刚刚……就……”。 Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down. ＝No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down. 工作刚做完，雨就倾盆而下。 1 / 6 1 / 6 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$