2024-2025学年人教版2019高中英语必修第二册Unit4单词详解

人教版高中英语新教材 必修二 Unit 4 1. Confucius /kənˈfjuːʃəs/  n. 孔子 2. mansion /ˈmænʃn/  n. 公馆；宅第 3. cemetery /ˈsemətri/  n. 墓地；公墓 4. philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/  n. 哲学 5. descendant /dɪˈsendənt/  n. 后裔；后代；子孙 6. individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdjʊəl/  adj. 单独的；个别的；n. 个人 7. heel /hiːl/  n. 足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟 8. Achilles' heel /əˈkɪliːz hiːl/ （喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 9. kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国；领域 10. chief /ʧiːf/ adj. 最重要的；最高级别的；n. （公司或机构的）首领；遒长 11. puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问；vt. 迷惑；使困惑 in a puzzle 感到困惑 I am in a puzzle as to how to get along with him. solve a puzzle 解决一个谜题 be puzzled by\about 对…感到困惑 The student was puzzled about what to do next. puzzling （adj）令人迷惑不解的 a puzzling problem令人困惑的问题 12. nearby /ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/ adj. 附近的；邻近的；adv. 在附近 13. join…to…. /jɔɪn…tuː…. / 把……和……连接或联结起来 14. break away（from sb/sth） 脱离；背叛；逃脱 如果你能就如何戒掉吸烟的坏习惯给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。 I'd appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to break away from the bad habit of smoking． break up　　打碎；分裂，解体；结束，(关系等)破裂 break down 垮掉；出故障 break into 破门而入 break in 破门而入；打断；插话 break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发 用break的相关短语填空 ①The people of the province wished to break away and form a new state. ②To my disappointment, the car broke_down on the way to their wedding. ③He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke_out． 15. belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ vi. 应在（某处）；适应 In my opinion, you'd better put the book where it belongs. 16. belong to /bɪˈlɒŋ tuː/ 属于 剪纸有1，500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。 Paper-cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional art in China. The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families belonging to five nationalities. belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时使用动词ing形式。 belongings n．　　　　　所有物；财产 Having sold most of his belongings, he almost had nothing left in the house. a sense of belonging 归属感 17. as well as /æz wel æz/ 同（一样也）；和；还 (1)as well as既……又……，可连接两个平行结构。 ①As well as having difficulty adapting herself to the new school life, she found the culture difference was another challenge for her. (2)as well as连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 ②The equipment, as well as those books, has been donated to the poor local school so far. (3)as well也；又；还，位于句末。 Of course, I'll do some reading for fun, and for knowledge as well. 当然，我会为了消遣读些书，也为了获取知识。 (4)may/might as well do sth倒不如做某事；不妨做某事 The deadline for the project is around the corner, so we may/might as well get some help. 18. currency /ˈkʌrənsi/ n. 通货；货币 19. military /ˈmɪlətri/ adj. 军事的；军用的 20. defence /dɪˈfens/ n. 防御；保卫 21. legal /ˈliːgl/ adj. 法律的；合法的 22. surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt. 围绕；包围 (1)surround ...by/with ...　　　用……包围…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 In a word, you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings soon. 总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应这里的新环境。 单句语法填空 ①Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded (surround) by his family. ②Surrounding (surround) yourself with people who'll provide you with support can be very beneficial. ③他的房子很大，间距适当，周围全是花园。 His houses are large, well­spaced and surrounded by gardens． 23. evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据；证明 24. achievement /əˈʧiːvmənt/ n. 成就；成绩；达到 25. location /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ n. 地方；地点；位置 26. conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r)/ vt. 占领；征服；控制 27. battle /ˈbætl/ n. 战役；搏斗；vi. ＆ vt. 搏斗；奋斗 28. port /pɔːt/ n. 港口（城市） 29. fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 30. keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 31. charge /ʧɑːʤ/ n. 收费；指控；主管；vt. 收费；控告；充电 ①Your replacement card will be produced free of charge. ②I wonder how much you will charge me for the six-week course. ③He was charged with stealing a car last week，which made all of us puzzled. 系统归纳 (1)free of charge＝for free　免费 (2)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事 辨析比较 (1)动词短语 take charge of以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”。 (2)介词短语in charge of 多以人为逻辑主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”。 (3)介词短语in the charge of 多以物为逻辑主语，指“某物由某人掌管/负责”。 多年来，格林小姐一直掌管这家公司。 Miss Green has been in charge of/has taken charge of the company for many years. =For many years the company has been in the charge of Miss Green. 根据语境选出charge的含义。 A．n.收费　　 B．n.主管　　　C．vt.收费 D．vt.控告 E．vt.充电 1．I wonder how much you will charge us for the six­week course.__C__ 2．Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away.__B__ 3．We have enough confidence to charge you with abuse of power.__D__ 4．Have you got your phone charged? It was power off just now.__E__ 5．Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge.__A___ 32. announce /əˈnaʊns/ vt. 宣布；通知；声称 ①At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached. ②Our head teacher made an announcement just now. ③It's my great honour to announce that I am running for chairman of the Students' Union. 我很荣幸地宣布我将竞选学生会主席。 系统归纳 (1)announce sth.to sb.＝ announce to sb.sth.　　　　向某人宣布某事 announce that ... 宣布…… It is/was announced that ... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 宣告；通告 make an announcement 发布通告 难点解释 (1)announce熟词生义：预示 (2)announce后不接双宾语，常用于announce sth.to sb.结构，用法类似的动词还有suggest, explain等。 The first few leaves on the ground announced the beginning of autumn.预示 The government announced to the media the plan to develop a new project. 33. amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 金额；数量 (1)the amount of ...　　　　　……的数量 a large/small amount of＋[U]＋v.(单数) large/small amounts of＋ [U]＋v.(复数) ①Large amounts of honey and butter were (be) used to make this kind of snack. ②A large amount of money was (be) spent on the construction of the school last year. 为了保持健康，有规律地做适量运动是必要的。 In order to keep healthy, it is necessary to take a proper amount of exercise regularly． 只修饰不可数名词的词汇荟萃 a great deal of, a great amount of (large amounts of)，much (2)amount to 共计，总计；等于 ③His debts amount to five thousand dollars. 34. gallery /ˈgæləri/ n. （艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊 35. approach /əˈprəʊʧ/ n. 方法；途径；接近；vt. 接近；接；着手处理；vi. 靠近 (1)an approach to (doing) sth(做某事的)方法/途径 与名词approach搭配的to为介词，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词作宾语。 At the meeting they discussed three different approaches to the study of mathematics. China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. at the approach of 在快到……的时候 At the approach of the cinema，he stopped and waited for his friends. 其他“(做)……的方法”的搭配 ①the way to do/of (doing) sth ②the means of (doing) sth ③the method of (doing) sth (2)be approaching 正在/将要接近 As Teachers' Day was approaching，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate it. with ...approaching 在……快到的时候 随着学校音乐节即将来临，我想邀请你参加。 With the school music festival approaching, I'd like to invite you to take part in it. (3)approach sth/sb 接近某物/某人 Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. 36. ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ vt. 保证；确保；担保 37. landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n. （陆上，尤指乡村的）风景 38. generous /ˈʤenərəs/ adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 39. butter /ˈbʌtə(r)/ n. 黄油；奶油；vt. 涂黄油于 40. honey /ˈhʌni/ n. 蜂蜜 41. ancestor /ˈænsɪstə(r)/ n. 祖宗；祖先 42. position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置；姿态；职位 43. courtyard /ˈkɔːtˌjɑːd/ n. 庭院；院子 44. snack /snæk/ n. 点心；小吃 45. eager /ˈiːgə(r)/ adj. 热切的；渴望的 (1)be eager to do sth　　　　渴望做某事 “渴望做某事”荟萃 ①be dying to do sth　　　　　②long to do sth ③be thirsty to do sth ④starve to do sth be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 To perform well, we are eager for your professional advice. (2)eagerly adv. 热切地；急切地 Now that they have made great achievements, they are looking forward to the celebration eagerly． (3)eagerness n. 热切；渴望 When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday, the boy couldn't hide his eagerness. with eagerness 热切地；急切地 hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望 46. poet /ˈpəʊɪt/ n. 诗人 47. county /ˈkaʊnti/ n. （英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）郡 48. feast /fiːst/ n. 盛宴；宴会；节日 49. roll /rəʊl/ vi. ＆ vt. （使）翻滚；（使）滚动；n. 卷（轴）；翻滚 50. dot /dɒt/ n. 点；小（圆）点；vt. 加点；遍布 51. cattle /ˈkætl/ n. 牛 52. roar /rɔː(r)/ vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮 53. ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ n. 大海；海洋 54. scent /sent/ n. 气味；气息 55. greet /griːt/ vi. 问候；迎接 56. pub /pʌb/ n. 酒吧；酒馆 57. wine /waɪn/ n. 葡萄酒；果酒 58. beer /bɪə(r)/ n. （一杯）啤酒 59. stew /stjuː/ n. 炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）；vt. ＆ vi. 炖；煨 60. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 风俗；习俗；习惯 61. sensory /ˈsensəri/ adj. 感觉的；感官的 62. striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj. 引人注目的；显著的 63. transition /trænˈzɪʃn, -sɪʃn/ n. 过渡；转变；变迁 64. crowd /ˈkraʊd/ n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤 65. Wales /weɪlz/ 威尔士（英国） 66. Scotland /ˈskɒtlənd/ 苏格兰（英国） 67. Northern Ireland /ˈnɔːðən ˈaɪələnd/ 北爱尔兰（英国）Anglo-Saxon /ˈæŋgləʊˈsæksən/ 盎格鲁. 撒克逊人 68. Viking /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/ n. 维京人；北欧海盗 69. Norman /ˈnɔːmən/ adj. 诺曼式的；诺曼人的 70. the Normans /ðə ˈnɔːmənz/ 诺曼人 71. Battle of Hastings /ˈbætl ɒv ˈheɪstɪŋz/ 黑斯廷斯战役 72. Roman /ˈrəʊmən/ adj. 古罗马的；罗马的；n. 古罗马人；罗马市民Van Gogh /væn gəʊ/ 梵高（荷兰画家） 73. the Emerald Isle /ði ˈemərəld aɪl/ 绿宝石岛（爱尔兰的别称） 74. Irish /ˈaɪərɪʃ/ adj. 爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人（或语）的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$