Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents？知识梳理与中考精练2023-2024学年英语人教新目标八年级下册

Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents? 一、重点短语 1. have free time有空闲时间 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes课外活动课 5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6. until midnight直到半夜 7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many太多 9. study too much学得过多 10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠 11. write sb. a letter给某人写信 12. call sb. up打电话给某人 13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through翻看 15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal重要的事 17. work out成功地发展;解决 18. get on with和睦相处;关系良: 19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架 20. hang over笼罩 21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 23. so that以便 24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time一直 26. in future今后 27. make sb. angry使某人生气 28. worry about sth. 担心某事 29. copy one's homework抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself做自己 31. family members 家庭成员 32. spend time alone独自消磨时光 33. give sb. pressure给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动 37. get better grades取得更好的成绩 38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点 39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 40. practice sports体育训练 41. cause stress造成压力 42. cut out删除 2、 考点解析 01 Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢? 【拓展】用于提建议的句型有: (1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样? (2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢? (3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗? (5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事 (6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗? (7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗? (8)Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事吗? 【回答】 (1). 同意对方的建议时,一般用: ◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意 ◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 ◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意 ◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法◆ No problem 没问题 ◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以◆Yes, I think so 对,我也这样想 (2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用: ◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样 ◆Sorry, I can’t 对不起,我不能 ◆I’d love to, but… ◆ I’m afraid…我愿意,但恐怕…… 02 (1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework (3)much too +形容词 太… much too cold 03 allow v 允许 1.allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don’t allow smoking. 2.allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV. 3.be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 【拓展】allow与let的辨析: allow指“允许”,表示“默许,听任,不加阻止”, allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。 Let指“让”,let sb do sth让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let不能用于被动语态。 04 What’s wrong( with sb./ sth) (某人/物) 怎么了? 05 go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡,睡着”这一动作) 06 look 看起来 (系动词,后跟形容词作宾语) 【拓展】系动词:后跟adj. 作表语 一是:(be) am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静 二保持:stay/keep (表示持续状态) stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康 三变化:become/get/turn (表示状态变化) 五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel (表示感觉) 07 call up (v + adv) call on 拜访;号召I call up my parents every Sunday. 08 【1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class. 类似动词:hear,watch, see, feel 【2】look through 浏览 【拓展】与look相关的短语:look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through look out look up look around look forward to doing 09 angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地 (1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】 (2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 (3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气 10 although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。 【注】though / although 不能与but连用 【拓展】although/however辨析 ⑴although conj “虽然;即使;纵然”,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。 Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong. ⑵ however adv在句中作插入语,起一个连词的作用,一般用逗号与句子分开,可以放在句首或句中,意为“然而,尽管如此”。 It’s raining hard, However, I think we should go out. 11 leave v 遗忘,留下leave sth somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下 12 hope v 希望 hope to do sth hope + that 从句 (表示希望) wish v 希望 wish to do sth wish sb.to do sth wish +that 从句 表示愿望,从句用虚拟语气 13 get on with sb=get along with sb和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好 get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏 14 argue 争吵argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论 argue with sb. 与某人争吵argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事 15 hang over 挂在......之上; 悬浮在......之上hang out 闲逛;常去某处 hang on to 紧紧抓住 hang up 挂电话;悬挂 16 elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill. elder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系,常用作定语 older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系,可以用作表语,是old的比较级形式。 17 be nice to sb. be friendly to sb. be good to sb. 对某人友好 18 refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事 19 instead 代替,反而,替(1) instead 副词代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了,所以我去了。 (2) instead of +n/doing 代替,而不是,放在句中 instead of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。例：She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn't call him. She wrote to him instead. 20 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 【拓展】offer v 主动给予 (1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 (2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物 21 communicate v交流 communication n 交流;沟通 communicate with sb. 和某人交流 22 explain 解释;说明 explanation n 解释;说明 explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。explain to sb sth给某人解释某事 23 be worried about sth. 担心某事 【拓展】worry v 担心 → worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为……担心 24 return ⑴v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给...... ⑵ v 回来;返回 = come back 25 opinion n 意见;想法;看法 in one’s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来 give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。 26 some time /sometime/some times/sometimes 【口诀】:分开是一段, 合起是某时；分开s 是倍次,合起s是有时。 (1) some time一段时间,做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 (2) sometime adv 在某个时候, (3) some times 名词词组,“几次,几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer. (4)sometimes=at times 有时 (一般现在时的标志词) 27 others pron. “其他的人或事物” 例题：My sister is outgoing. She likes making friends with ____. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 28 The Taylors are a typical American family.【解析】The Taylors 泰勒一家。 在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”,使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。 29 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断(水、电)供应 cut out 删除;删去 (v+adv) 30 succeed v 成功,达到 →success n 成功→successful adj 成功的 →successfully adv成功地 ◆succeed in doing sth 31 continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事(前后不是同一件事) 33 send away 赶走 send for 派人去请 send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射 send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物 【注】类似的动词有:show (展示; 给……看) give (给) lend (借出) offer(提供) return (归还) tell ( 告诉) 34 (1) kind of +adj.有点,有几分, a kind of 一种的,某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种 (2) be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 【辨析】kind of 与kinds of: 1. kind of 单独用,表示“有点”,后接形容词或副词:He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦” 2. 若kind of前有a, this, that, what等,译为“种,种类” 后加名词。 What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动? 35 compare A with B 将A和B 比较 (1)compare…with… 把……与…..做比较 (2) compare…to… 把…..比做…… 36 perhaps,probably,possibly,maybe辨析 ⑴perhaps意为“也许,可能”,一般指比较小的可能性。 Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure. 也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定。 ⑵probably“很可能,大概”,其可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。 He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。 ⑶possibly意为“可能,或许,也许”,可能性较大。 I’ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow.我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天。 ⑷maybe“或许,大概”,主要用于非正式场合,常用在口语中,语气比perhaps轻。 Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。 37 It’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth 【注】若形容词表示事物特征的,如:easy ,difficult, hard ,important等,须用介词for 【形容物,用for】 It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth. 【注】若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,如:good ,kind ,nice, wrong等,用介词of。【形容人用of】 38 keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上 keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避开 三、重点语法 1、情态动词should与could的用法 should的用法 should为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为“应该”,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为shouldn’t。 Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。 could的用法： 情态动词could既是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为couldn’t。 My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty. 我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。 You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药。 2、until引导的时间状语从句until意为“直到;在........之前”。 注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。 Until:在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里 如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 例：The young man read till the light went out.Let’s wait until the rain stops. We won’t start until Bob come Don’t get off until the bus stops. 3、so that引导的目的状语从句 so that是连词,意为“为的是,以便”,引导目的状语从句。 注意so that, in order that和in order to在用法上的区别。 Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later. 让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。 4、although引导的状语从句 although的用法意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and, so等连用,但可以和yet, still等词连用。 ① Although the book was old, we decided to buy it. ② Although he was tired, he went on working. 写作指导：典例剖析 假设你是某学生杂志社的编辑Diana,不久前你收到了Steve的一封信,信中倾诉了他目前的烦恼。 提示: 与人交流 课上主动参与小组讨论,勇敢地表达自己的想法;课间和同学交流 表达善意 主动问候同学;对同学友好;乐于帮助同学 参加活动 积极参加课外活动(如运动会、歌咏比赛等) 要求:1.70个词左右;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3.要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。 Dear Diana, I just came to a new school. And I can't get on well with my new classmates...What should I do? Steve Dear Steve, I've learned about your problems. I think_______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Diana 审题指导 1.本次习作给出的提示很详细,写好本文只需围绕提示用正确的句子表达出来,并稍加润色即可。 2.可根据个人意见适当发挥,注意把握好逻辑顺序,并正确使用情态动词could/should 来提建议。 模板展示 引出话题 I've learned about... 给出建议 I think you should... Try to talk with... If you want to...,don't forget to... Being friendly and helpful is... What's more,you could... 表达愿望 I'm sure you'll soon... 佳作评析 Dear Steve, I've learned about your problems. I think you should be active in group work in class and be brave enough to express your ideas. Try to talk with your new classmates at breaks. If you want to get on well with your classmates, don't forget to say hello when you meet them. Being friendly and helpful is also very important. What's more,you could take part in all kinds of after-school activities , such as sports meetings, football games and singing competitions. I'm sure you'll soon have many good friends. Best wishes, Diana 高效分层训练： 一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。 1. Our teacher doesn't a ___________us to copy others" homework. 2. I'll do w________________I can to help you because you're my best friend. 3. My e______________sister is 3 years older than I. 4.We a____________ with each other last week, and I said sorry to her yesterday. 5.You should e_____________to her why you can't go to the party, 二、单项选择。 ( )1.-It's useful for the deaf to learn sign language(手语). -Yes, it's a major way of___________________for them. A. suggestion B. vacation C. production D.communication ( )2.--Did you go to the park yesterday? -No, I didn't., ___________I went to the museum by bike. A. Instead B. Luckily C. Anyway D. Perhaps ( )3. Mark offered ________________us to the train station, but we would like to walk there. A. driving B. to drive C. to catch D. catching ( )4.-I don't think we can find a new way to ___________the problem. -But we'd better not give it up. A. take out B. come out C. work out D. run out 三、从方框中选择适当的单词,并用其正确形式填空。 instead, relation,communication,talk,stay, importance,argument, allow, child, wrong When you are teenagers, it seems that every time you say "I want to...", your parents answer, "No, you can't. " About this, you often 1___________ with your parents. Perhaps you get angry with them about it. If your parents don't offer 2___________ with you,you may not want to talk with them for a long time. 3 ___________often complain(抱怨)that their parents do not understand them. When something goes 4_____________, most parents think their kids are to blame(应付责任)without asking for any explanation. Many parents don't 5 ___________ their kids to make decisions or do anything by themselves.6 ___________ between children and their parents are becoming worse and worse. I think if you want to get more freedom( 自由)， you should often 7_____________ with your parents and try a friendlier way to get what you want. If you want them to allow you 8 ___________out late, don't just say, " All the other kids can stay out late."9____________,you try telling them what you want to do, where you will be and why it is 10_____________ for you to stay out late. Then they just might say,"Yes. " 对接中考训练： ( )1.(江苏南通中考) -Why not hold a Chinese Poetry Competition to welcome our motherland's 70th birthday?________. Let's make a plan together in our group. A. That's all right B. Yes, please C. Good idea D. Never mind ( )2.(上海市中考)-____________-That's a good idea. A. I've got the first prize in the English speech contest. B. I'd like to invite you to my birthday party tomorrow. C. Shall we go to the farm to pick peaches this weekend? D. Would you mind opening the window a bit more? ( )3.(湖北宜昌中考》-Lucy, you can't use the phone _______we are far from the gas(天然气)station. --OK, I won't do that again. A.after B.when C.though D.until ( )4.(广东省中考)We should take care of the earth _________________we can make a better world to live in. A. so that B.until C. even if D. while ( )5.(四川乐山中考)Bike sharing is very useful in our daily life _____________it still has some disadvantages. A. unless B. because C. although ( )6.(云南省中考)I'm sure dreams don't work ___________________you do. A.if B.until C. when D. since ( )7.(辽宁铁岭中考)WeChat(微信)is one of the most convenient ways of ____________ A. Information B. competition C.communication D. Pollution 题型解读 完形填空解题技巧(四) 方法点拨 充分利用首句信息 完形填空所选用的短文一般不给标题,文章的首句通常是个完整的句子,不设空,常常包含对解题有用的信息,是我们窥探短文全貌的窗口。由第一句话我们通常可以了解文章的体裁、主旨、内容乃至作者的态度,紧接着摸清文章的线索,预判作者对介绍的人或叙述的事件的态度,从而展开合乎情理的分析推理。总之,我们要充分利用完形填空首句的提示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口，争取开局顺利。 (湖北武汉中考)Four years ago, Joel Kline gave up his job as a magazine editor to become a freelance copywriter for advertisements, but now he had money trouble. He says that he wishes he'd never 41____________ to set up his own business,"I am now in such a bad situation, "says Joel, "I hope I am 42___________working as an editor...” 41.A. pretended B. learned C.failed D. decided 42.A. specially B. still C.also D. certainly 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$