2024年中考英语复习动词的语态课件

动词的语态 常见的动词的时态及语态能熟练在专升本考试的具体题型中进行运用（2课时） 动词的语态 语态：主动和被动 主动语态，就是指句子主语是动作的执行者 Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态) 而被动语态则指的是主语是动作的承受者 He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态) 进一步了解→中文中的把字句和被字句 我把这边本书给了我弟弟。 这本书被我给了我弟弟。 二、动词语态概述 ①.主动语态的句型结构：主语+谓语+宾语 ②.被动语态常见句型结构：原主动状态的宾语变成主语+be+done(过去分词）+by原主动语态的主语（一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态） He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him. 练习 I beat my sister. 变被动：My sister is beaten by me. 二、动词语态基本用法 一般来说，主动语态与被动语态的选用应根据具体的情况而定，但下面几种情况一般用被动语态 1.强调动作的承受者，常用被动语态 This picture was painted by my mother. 2.淡化动作的执行者，常用被动语态 The basketball was invented 100 years ago. 3.不知道或没有必要提到动作的执行者时，常用被动语态 The window was broken last night. 二、动词语态基本用法 4.动作的执行者有比较长的修饰语，常用被动语态 The lecture will be made by Joe,who is a young artist from the US. 5.当动作的执行者不是人（是无生命的事情）时，多用被动语态 The window was blown open by wind. 6.部分动词短语/句型在习惯上只用于被动语态 It is said that Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 参考教材P51 不是所有的主动语态都有一个相对应的被动语态 1）有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 2）一些宾语的限制P42（详情参考教材） 3）有些动词在某些结构中只有被动态，没有对应的主动态 I was born in China. 4）P49-50主动形式表被动含义 被动语态的特殊情况 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上 这类动词有 let, make, have,help和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to] 如：The boss made my grandfather work. 改成My grandfather was made to work by the boss. 3. 被动语态的常见结构P44 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下： (1) 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词 (2) 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词 (3) 一般将来时的被动语态：shall+be+过去分词;will+be+过去分词;be going to+be+过去分词;be about to+ 过去分词;be to+be+过去分词 (4) 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+ being+过去分词 (5) 现在完成时的被动语态：have /has+been+过去分词 练习 I am often chased by a dog.我经常被狗追赶 我刚才被狗追赶 I was chased by a dog just now. 我将会被狗追赶。 I will be chased by a dog. 我正在被狗追赶。 I am being chased by a dog. 我已经被狗追赶了一个小时了。我很累。 I have been chased by a dog for an hour.I feel so tired. 3. 被动语态的常见结构 (6) 过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词 他说工作已完成了。 He said the work had been finished. 我的表正在由他修理。 My watch is being repaired by him. 计划现在正在讨论。 The plan is now being discussed. 3. 被动语态的常见结构 (7) 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+过去分词 他说那个人正在动手术。 He said that the man was being operated on. 他说正在修建一个新车站。 He told me that a new station was being built. (8) 过去将来时的被动语态：would be+过去分词 他说会议将于下周举行。 He said that the meeting would be held next week. 3. 被动语态的常见结构 含有情态动词的被动形式 若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”： Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone. 请看以下带情态动词被动句实例： 这不是短期内可以完成的。 This can’t be done in a short time. 这工作必须马上做了。 The work must be done at once. 翻译练习 我昨天挨打了。 I was beaten yesterday. 他的家庭作业已经完成。 His homework has been finished. 前面在修路。 A road is being bulit in front. 运动会是上周五举行的。 The sports meeting was held last Friday. 你的作业明天必须上交。 Your homework must be handed in tomorrow. 教材被动语态重要补充 P46-（6）强调状态的被动语态的习惯用法 P48-几种特殊的被动语态形式 作业：P52-55 P167 text2 晚自习作业：百题斩P8-P11 $$