2024年中考英语复习动词的时态课件

动词的分类及时态 常见的动词的时态及语态能熟练在专升本考试的具体题型中进行运用（2课时） 0 1 动词的分类（复习） 0 2 动词的时态 目 录 0 3 作业 动词的分类（复习） 01 分类：实义动词 系动词 情态动词 助动词 动词的分类 实义动词 表行为，动作或状态，具有实在的意义-------行为动词（及物，不及物） play,swim,give,listen,talk.... 系动词 用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”（连接主语和表语，无意义） 状态系动词：be 感官系动词：look、sound、taste、smell、feel 变化系动词：become、get、turn、grow、make、come、go、fall、run 持续系动词：keep、rest、remain、stay、lie、stand 表象系动词：seem、appear、look The candy tastes sweet. 5 情态动词 表达说话人主观态度情感，态度，后面+动词原型 can,may,must,should,need，have to.. 助动词 帮助实义动词构成各种时态，句型的动词 be(主要构成进行时和被动语态）,do,does,did（主要用来构成否定句，疑问句）,have,has（主要用来帮助构成完成时）... My father doesn’t like eating nooldes. He has made a plan. I can dance. You must finish homeweork first. 6 02动词的时态 时：动作发生的时间 态：动作进行到哪种程度 时态：动作什么时候发生然后进行到哪种程度 时间：过去，现在，将来 I was a boy. I am a student. I will be a doctor. 英语中所有时态 都是通过谓语动词（实义动词和系动词）的变化来表现的 态：一般，进行，完成 ①一般态：习惯性的动作（强调事实） ②进行态：正在进行的动作（强调动作） ③完成态：已经完成的动作（强调影响） 英语时态=时间+状态 比如：过去进行时=was/were+doing was/were be动词的过去式-过去的时间 doing 表示动作正在进行 过去正在进行的动作→过去进行时 Ⅰ.一般现在时 1.定义 一般现在时描述现在或经常性的动作，性质或状态 2.标志词 always，usually，every morning/night/evening/day/week/year，often，sometimes，，seldom，hardly，never..... 3.动词第三人称单数 ①一般加S ②辅音字母+y把y改i再+es ③以s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词+es ④特殊用法have变has Ⅰ.一般现在时 4.句子结构 ①.be动词的一般现在时的构成（否定，疑问） ②实义动词的一般现在时（否定，疑问） Ⅰ.一般现在时 5.一般现在时的用法 ①表示特征，能力或现在的情况或状态（表示动作经常发生） She loves music. The soup tastes good. ②表示现在习惯性，经常性的动作或状态，常与often,usually,always,sometimes,seldom,every day,normally,weekly,once a week等状语连用 She seldom eats meat. ③表示普遍真理，客观存在及自然现在现象 China lies in the east of Asia. The earth moves around the sun. Ⅰ.一般现在时 5.一般现在时的用法 ④在状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。（特殊情况） We will let you konw as soon as she arrives. 主从句的动作都还没发生 If you get the root of a problem,you will solve it. Ⅰ.一般现在时 总结：一般现在时就是两种情况：一种是指动作经常发生，一种特殊情况，在状语从句中用主将从现 If you heat ice,it_____into water. A.turns B.turned C.was turning D.has turned The Danube is a river in Europe.It ____through Vienna. A.will go B.went C.goes D.has gone I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. I____.It’s not safe. A.agree B.agreed C.will agree D.had agreed Ⅱ一般过去时 1.定义 表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词 yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago，the day before yesterday,just now... 3.动词的变化 ①一般加ed ②辅音字母+y把y改i再+ed ③重读闭音节结尾的动词：双写末尾这个辅音字母+ed ④不规则变化 Ⅱ一般过去时 4.句子结构 ①.be动词的一般过去时的构成（否定，疑问） I was not happy last night. Were you satisfied with the food yesterday? ②实义动词的一般过去时（否定，疑问） I did not understand you. Did they play basketball yesterday? Ⅱ一般过去时 一、一般过去时的用法： ①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. She was at home last night. The person you are looking for went away just now. ②可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 He always went to work by bus last year. We often played together when we were children. 16 Ⅱ一般过去时 ③表示在过去特定时间一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作，此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语，需要通过情景断定 I got up early,washed my face,had a quick breakfst and hurried to school. ④追述逝去的人或事 The book was written by Lu Yao. 现学现用 1.Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month. 3.Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 4.There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago. 5.I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 6.Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 7.Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 8.My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday. Ⅲ一般将来时 1.定义 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词 tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next,soon.... 3.动词的变化 动词是由be going to/will +动词原形构成（注意非延续性动词如come,go,leave等用现在进行时表将来。I am leaving.) 19 Ⅲ一般将来时 4.句子结构 ①.will/shall +动词原形（主语是第一人称I或we时，常用shall） It will soon be Mid-Autumn Festival. What shall we do this weekend? ②be going to+动词原形，表将来 表示决定，打算要做某事，或有迹象做某事 I am going to live in the country after I retire. Look!The sun is going to come out. ③“be about to+ 动词原形”,表将来 表示客观上就要发生的事或动作，一般不与具体的时间状语连用 Don’t go out. We are about to eat lunch. ④“be to + 动词原形”，表将来 表示计划中约定的或按职责，义务和要求要去做的事或即将发生的动作 We are to meet at the school gate.我们约定在校门口碰头。 you mustn't tell him anything about our plans.你不可以把我们的计划透露给他。 ⑤一般现在时表将来 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 现学现用 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be Ⅳ现在进行时main 1.定义 ①表示正在进行的动作或状态。 He is working now ②表示现阶段正在进行或从事的动作，说话时未必正在做 He is writing a novel this month. 2.标志词 now ,at the moment,at present... look,listen,look out..... Ⅳ现在进行时main 3.构成 主语+be动词（am,is,are)+doing 现在分词构成 ①一般情况下，直接加ing ②以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing ③重读闭音节结尾的动词：双写末尾这个辅音字母+ing running ④以ie 结尾的单词6，改ie为y+ing die-dying lie-lying Ⅳ现在进行时main 4.特殊考点 ①瞬间动词go,leave,arrive,start,come...现在进行时表将来 I am coming. ②与always, constantly, continually,forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的,表现负面的感情，抱怨 He is always losing his keys. 他老是丢钥匙。 He is always thinking of his work. 他老是想到他的工作。 ③无进行时的词 感官动词：smell,look,feel,taste,sound Ⅳ现在进行时main 1.Listen! Someone_____in the next room. A. is crying B. was crying C. has cried D. cried 2. The population of the world___still___now. A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown 3. —It's time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma? —He____his bike in the yard. A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean Ⅴ过去进行时 1.定义 表示在过去某一时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作 2.标志词 at that time,at this time, yesterday... 3.构成 主语+be动词(was,were)+doing(参考现在进行时动词变化） 1、表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作 Jane was working on her homework last night. 2、表示一个动作在过去发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，常与when,while,as引导的时间状语从句连用 I was doing my homework while my father was cooking. 过去进行时就是过去时间正在发生的一个动作 Ⅵ现在完成时main 1.定义 从过去一直持续到现在的动作和状态，或者过去的事情对现在造成的影响 过去的事情对现在造成的影响-（动作发生在过去，但是没有确切的时间点） 2.标志词 already,yet,just,by this time,so far，since+时间点，for+时间段 3.动词变化：have/has+done done的变化形式 ①规则变化：参考动词过去式变化 ②不规则变化：特殊记忆 Ⅵ现在完成时main 4.句子结构 现在完成时由：助动词have/has+done 构成 现在完成时的否定和疑问 I have finished my homework. 5.现在完成时的用法 ①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响，着眼于现在，常与just,already,yet(用于否定句和疑问句）连用 He has just received a new bike for her birthday. She has taught me a lot. Have you heard the news yet? Ⅵ现在完成时main 注意：非延续性动词（瞬间动词）在肯定句中通常不能用表示一段时间的词，短语或句子作状语，但在否定句中可以用。肯定句中若有表示时间段的状语，非延续性动词要换成延续性动词 I have joined the club. I have been in the school for two years. ②表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，延续至今，并可能持续下去 They have lived here for two years. My hometown has changed rapidly since I was born. 现在完成时 用法补充 have gone to,have been to和have been in 的区别 ①have gone to表示”去而未归“ She has gone to Pairs. 她去了巴黎。（现在不在说话处） ②have been to表示”去过某地，已经回来“ She has been to Paris （three times）. 她去过巴黎（三次）。（现不在巴黎） ③have been in+地方，“表示某人来到某地或在某地呆了多久” I have been in Beijing for the past years. She has been abroad for six months. Ⅵ现在完成时main Becky,we are leaving in several minutes.Are you ready? No,I____my clothes yet. A.have packed B.haven’t packed C.didn’t pack Since he was a little boy,he____in love with music. A.is B.was C.has been D.had been Congratulations!You____big progress in the last three years. Thank you!I will never forget the good times in Junior High. This book must be great.My sister______it five times. A.reads B.has read C.is reading D.was reading Ⅶ过去完成时-过去的过去”——即过去完成时表示的是在“过去的过去”就已发生的情况或存在的状态 ————过去的过去————过去（参照点）————现在————→ “我昨天去朋友家玩，但当我到达时朋友外出了”，在这个句子中，“到达朋友家”为过去，以此为参照点，“朋友外出”就属于过去的过去。 When the doctor arrived the patient had died. 医生到时病人已死了。 “医生到达”为过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时；而当医生到时病人已死了，所以“病人死”就是过去的过去发生的情况，故用过去完成时。 33 过去完成时用法，构成 1、表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经完成或结束 I had already eaten breakfast before he arrived. She had studied for the exam for a month before taking it. 在考试之前，她已经学习了一个月。 2、表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，仍有继续下去的可能 常和 “for”, “since” 构成的时间状语连用 She said that she had made much progress since she came here. 过去完成时构成 had + 过去分词 34 Ⅸ现在完成进行时/过去完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的用法： 1、表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作-与现在完成时未完成的用法相仿 现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了一会儿： How long have you been learning English? 你学习英语多久了? How long has it been snowing? 雪下多久了? （还在下雪） 二、现在完成进行时的构成： “have/has + been + 现在分词” 三、过去完成进行时用法与现在完成进行时相同，构成 had been+现在分词 We had been waitting for her for two hours by the time she came. 翻译练习 我从来没有去过哈尔滨，但是我相信它是一个美丽的城市 I have never been to Harbin,but I believe that it is a beautiful city. 如果我去北京，我会去参观长城。 If I go to Beijing,I will visit the Great Wall. 昨天我到家的时候，我妈妈已经睡着了。 When I arrived home yasterday,my mother had fallen asleep. 去年的这个时候，我正在家里吃西瓜。 I was eating watermelons at home at this time last year. 自从遇见你，我的数学有了很大的改进。 My Maths has improved a lot since I met you. 相关作业教材P37-P40 $$