05.Unit 2 Starting out & Understanding ideas（课件+练习）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂(外研版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Starting out & Understanding ideas 一、单词拼写 1. Money doesn’t g a happy life. 2. Everyone knows that success r happens overnight. 3. I’m quite healthy and I r get colds. 4. We can’t take your advice. N thank you for putting it. 5. Whatever the final o of the talks, the war should end soon. 6. Our defeat was expected; n , it was disappointing. 7. Thanks for sharing with me your experience of learning China’s four great c novels and your personal understanding. 8. The voters are waiting for the o of the election. 9. I’m d   to inform all of you that you have all passed the exam. 10. There was widespread c of the government’s handling of the disaster. 11. All the members in the Chinese women’s volleyball team are aware that fighting spirit alone is not enough to g victory. 12. Believe it or not, very r do we have a complaint from any of our customers. 13. R   have I seen him playing football recently. 14. I need to pay off all my d before I leave. 15. The computer will give students the opportunity to learn at their own p . 16. Most marriages fail after between five and nine years. N people continue to get married. 17. If you d something that may happen, you will feel very anxious and unhappy about it because you think it will be unpleasant or upsetting. 18. Would you please keep me i of your plan in advance, so we can make arrangements accordingly. 19. Only by establishing confidence can we accomplish our goal. N , many people suffer from a lack of confidence. 20. We were all d to receive your e-mail. 21. It took them three years to pay off the d . 22. When applying for housing loans, customers may be required to prove their ability to pay off the d . 23. He has been studying English in the past few years; n , he finds that he still has difficulty talking with foreign people when he is traveling in English-speaking countries. 24. I need to pay off all my d before I leave the country. 25. Their project got stuck. N , he would not acknowledge defeat. 26. The official said the safety of up to 400 children in the refugee camp must be g . 27. J.K. Rowling received countless rejection letters from the publishers. N , she persevered and didn’t give up. 28. My favorite c , A dream of Red Mansions, occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature. 29. He promised to pay his d within a month. 30. This is my first visit to China and I’m d to be here.I hope I can come many more times. 31. We are d to inform you that your work has been accepted. 32. Children should be encouraged to read c literature works in their spare time. 33. China will do more on the ecological front by transforming its industrial structure at a faster p and promoting a green, low-carbon way of life and production. 34. His mother r blamed him for his failure, for which he was grateful. 35. We are anxiously waiting for the o of their discussion. 36. I’m d at the news that you are admitted to a key university. 37. We g that we will replace the broken door free of charge. 38. The final o of the game was tie (平局). 39. I’m a realist—You should know that you can’t change people o . 40. No airline can g (that) their flights will never be delayed. 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 41. Even (在美国军队服役时) during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service. 42. (继续努力) eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”（祈使句＋and＋陈述句） 43. I (遗憾地通知你) that your application has not been successful. 44. (对尖锐的批评很敏感), the young physicist became discouraged and almost quit scientific work altogether. 45. They are friends and (有很多共同点), so they are willing to have a talk with each other. 46. I am afraid your request for a pay rise was (拒绝) again. 47. I (毫不后悔离开). 48. People (时常) wait for success to happen to them. 49. You (可能花了)years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life’s work,  yet still this is often not enough. 50. Rarely (他看望他的父母), which surprised me very much. 51. (了解唐朝的历史概况), and you’ll understand the Tang Poems better. 52. J. D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to (发表他的作品). 53. The temple has been considered an example of (经典设计) 54. While Queensland Rail (尽一切努力)to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 55. Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing (尽管如此). 56. If you send the application form straight away, I can (保证你有一个面试的机会). 57. As we know, Harry Potter became a global success, (销量超过4亿册，并被翻译成70多种不同的语言)（with复合结构）. 58. He’s a (典型的) of a kid who’s clever but lazy. 59. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck (起作用), perseverance is the key.   60. What’s the (可能的结果) of this whole business? 三、语法填空 1 All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with 61 (reject). J. D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled 62 (get) his works published. “We feel that we don’t know the central character well enough” was the criticism he 63 (receive) on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye. Despite rejections from several publishers, J. D. Salinger refused to give 64 . Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six 65 (chapter) of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel 66 his war service. When it was eventually 67 (publish), the book became an 68 (immediately) best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies. 2 Many writers often receive rejections of their works like this “We regret to inform you...”. Many of them may have spent years giving 69 their weekends and free time to write their life’s work, yet still this is often not enough. In fact, success 70 (rare) happens overnight. Take 71 example J. K. Rowling. When she finally finished her first book, she also received comments from 72 (publisher) with “too difficult for children 73 (understand)”. Nevertheless, she 74 (persevere). After a total of twelve rejections, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books 75 (sell) and translated into more than seventy different languages. J. D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but 76 (late) struggled to get his works published. Even when 77 (serve) in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service. Although it was a time 78 women were not encouraged to become writers, all three Brontë sisters became famous writers. 四、阅读理解 1 The story happened on the day when I lost my best friend to a hit-and-run driver, the day a precious life was taken from us way too soon. It was a bright and sunny day in November. Thanksgiving had been celebrated only two days before. Since it was a holiday weekend I had been on the phone with Greg the night before many times. His dad didn’t want him to come over because of the holiday. I guess he finally wore him down and he called and said “I can stay.” So, my mom, brother, and I went to pick him up. He was always smiling. The complete opposite of my shy self, Greg was always the life of the party. We got two large pizzas that Friday night. I’ve never known anyone in my entire life who loved to eat more than Greg. That’s the way he was though. He was just enjoying life. And if it meant gaining weight or whatever, so be it. He would sit back and put his hands on his belly and just laugh. We (Greg, David, and I) did so many fun things together and had such great times. Things we should have done and things we shouldn’t have done, I’ll “Never” forget. On Saturday morning Dad took us out for breakfast. We all finished eating and followed my Dad up to the cashier. Greg asked Dad if he could have a candy bar. I looked at Greg shaking my head. He just laughed. After breakfast, Father took us to my Mom’s house. When we got out at Mom’s house there was no one home. So, one of us grabbed a big wheel and rode it down the steep driveway into the street. Just boys being boys. Greg and I did it several times until the last time. The car hit him in the head, knocking him around 75-100 yards. My brother and I both ran screaming just yelling for help and crying. One of the neighbors called 911. I was in shock. That day was forever etched (铭刻) into our memories. It still hurts to think about it. Wishing we could have grown old together. Wondering how it would have been. I’m sure IT WOULD HAVE BEEN GREAT. 79. We can describe Greg as 　　　. A. impolite and greedy B. easy-going and optimistic C. shy and unconfident D. friendly and brave 80. Greg was killed in 　　　. A. a fire B. an earthquake C. a car accident D. a firefight 81. Which shows the right order of the following events? ①Greg died of an accident while playing in the street. ②Greg went out for breakfast with the author. ③The author together with his bother and mom went to meet Greg. ④The three boys got two large pizzas and had great fun. ⑤The author invited Greg to spend the weekend at his house. A. ②①④③⑤ B. ⑤②③①④ C. ①②⑤④③ D. ⑤③④②① 82. Who came to help them after the accident? A. David’s mother. B. David’s father. C. David’s brother. D. David’s neighbor. 2 My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly. Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!” An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back—the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally,probably because of hunger. I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders,and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long. Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear. The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break. Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack. The first time I felt panic. Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I’m proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome. 83. When did the bear finally go away? A. After it felt safe. B. After it got injured. C. After it found some food. D. After it took away the camera. 84. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their 　　　. A. calmness B. patience C. pride D. cautiousness 85. When the bear moved back towards the forest, how did the family feel? A. Excited. B. Threatened. C. Relieved. D. Puzzled. 86. The whole text is mainly arranged in　　　. A. result and inference B. cause and effect C. space order D. time order 参考答案 一、 1. guarantee/uarantee 【解析】考查动词。句意：金钱并不能保证幸福的生活。根据空格前的doesn't和所给首字母g以及空格后的a happy life分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母g开头的及物动词的原形作谓语，且意义为“确保”，所以应该用动词guarantee。故填guarantee。 2. rarely/arely 【解析】考查副词。句意：每个人都知道成功不是一蹴而就的。根据句意可知，这里含义为“很少，难得”，结合首字母提示，所以此处用副词rarely，在句子中作状语，表示否定含义。故填rarely。 3. rarely/arely 【解析】考查副词。句意：我非常健康，极少感冒。根据句意和首字母提示可知，副词rarely“极少地”符合题意，作状语，修饰动词短语get colds。故填rarely。 4. Nevertheless/evertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们不能接受你的建议。尽管如此，还是谢谢你这么说。句中用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。根据首字母提示及句意，故填Nevertheless。 5. outcome/utcome 【解析】考查名词。句意：无论会谈的最后结果如何，战争都应该很快结束。根据空前的final可知，这里表示会谈的最后结果。再根据首字母提示可知，这里应用名词outcome“结果”，为可数名词，且这里表示单数概念，应用名词单数形式。故填outcome。 6. nevertheless/evertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们的失败是预料之中的；然而，结果令人失望。nevertheless然而，为副词形式，在句中作状语。根据首字母提示及句意，故填nevertheless。 7. classic/lassic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：谢谢你和我分享你学习中国四大名著的经验和你个人的理解。根据句意及首字母提示可知，classic经典的，有代表性的，形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词novels。故填classic。 8. outcome/utcome 【解析】考查名词。句意：选民们正在等待选举结果。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词outcome“结果”，作介词宾语。故填outcome。 9. delighted/elighted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我很高兴地通知大家，你们都通过了考试。be动词后用形容词，作表语，根据“inform all of you that you have all passed the exam.”可知，通过考试这是高兴的事。根据首字母可知，用delighted。故填delighted。 10. criticism/riticism 【解析】考查名词。句意：政府对灾难的处理方式遭到了普遍的批评。根据单词首字母以及句意“批评”可知应填名词criticism，作主语。故填criticism。 11. guarantee/uarantee 【解析】考查动词原形。句意：中国女排全体队员都意识到，只靠斗志还不足以保证胜利。分析句子可知，此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以应填动词原形构成不定式短语作状语，根据首字母提示和句意可知，此处应为guarantee意为“保证，确保”符合句意。故填guarantee。 12. rarely/arely 【解析】考查副词。句意：信不信由你，我们很少接到客户的投诉。根据单词首字母以及句意“很少”可知应填副词rarely，作状语。故填rarely。 13. Rarely/arely 【解析】考查副词和倒装句。句意：最近我很少看到他踢足球。分析句子可知，否定副词位于句首时，句子部分倒装。设空处在句中作状语修饰谓语see，根据首字母提示和句意可知，应用副词rarely“很少，极少”。故填Rarely。 14. debts/ebts 【解析】考查名词。句意：我在离开前需要还清所有的债务。空处应填名词作pay off的宾语，结合句意及首字母提示可知，debt欠款，债务，是可数名词，结合空格前的all可知此处应用复数形式。故填debts。 15. pace/ace 【解析】考查名词。句意：计算机将使学生有机会按照自己的节奏学习。根据句意及首字母提示可知，pace步伐，节奏，不可数名词，在句中作介词at的宾语，故填pace。 16. Nonetheless/onetheless/Nevertheless/evertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：大多数婚姻在五到九年后破裂。尽管如此，人们还是会继续结婚。根据英语提示及首字母提示，可知，此处的含义为“然而”，nonetheless/nevertheless“然而”为副词，符合题意，故填Nonetheless/Nevertheless。 17. dread/read 【解析】考查动词。句意：如果你害怕可能发生的事情，你会感到非常焦虑和不高兴，因为你认为这将是不愉快或令人不安的。结合句子结构和首字母提示可知，动词dread“害怕”符合题意，主语用将来时，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。故填dread。 18. informed/nformed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：请你提前告知我你的计划，这样我们才能做出相应的安排。根据“ of your plan in advance,”可知，空白处应填入动词的过去分词形式，构成keep sb. done的结构。根据下文“so we can make arrangements accordingly(这样我们才能做出相应的安排)”可推理出空白处应填表示“告知”含义的动词，根据首字母提示，以字母i开头且表示“告知”含义的动词为：inform，其过去分词形式为informed，故填informed。 19. Nevertheless/evertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：只有建立信任，我们才能实现我们的目标。然而，许多人缺乏信心。分析句意和首字母可知，第一句和第二句语意存在转折关系，故空格处填表示“然而”的副词符合语境，故nevertheless符合语境。故填Neverthelss。 20. delighted/elighted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：收到你的邮件我们都很高兴。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填形容词delighted，作表语。故填。 21. debt/ebt 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们三年才还清欠债。设空处在句中作动词短语pay off的宾语，由句意以及首字母提示可知，debt“债务，欠款”为可数名词，符合句意；由空前定冠词the可知此处表特指，设空处用名词单数形式。故填debt。 22. debts/ebts 【解析】考查名词。句意：申请住房贷款时，客户可能需要证明他们的还款能力。根据单词首字母及句意“债务；欠款”以及空格前the的可知，该空格处应填写名词，作前面off的宾语；侧重表示“债；欠款”时，debt为可数名词，根据句意，空格处应填写名词复数形式，故填debts。 23. nevertheless/evertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里他一直在学习英语；然而，当他在说英语的国家旅行时，他发现他仍然很难与外国人交谈。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为副词nevertheless“然而，不过”，满足句意要求。故填nevertheless。 24. debts/ebts 【解析】考查名词。句意：在我离开这个国家之前，我需要付清我所有的债务。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词debt，表示“借款，债务”时，是可数名词，由all修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填debts。 25. Nevertheless/evertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：他们的项目陷入了困境。不过，他不会承认失败的。结合句意及首字母提示可知，空前后意思表示转折，nevertheless不过，然而，副词，在句中作状语修饰句子，首字母应大写。故填Nevertheless。 26. guaranteed/uaranteed 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：这位官员说，难民营中多达400名儿童的安全必须得到保障。根据单词首字母以及句意“保障”可知应填动词guarantee，结合上文must be可知为被动语态。故填guaranteed。 27. Nevertheless/evertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：J.K.罗琳收到了无数出版商的退稿信。然而，她坚持住了，从没有放弃。根据句意可知，空格处填写副词，因为前句“J.K. Rowling received countless rejection letters from the publishers. （J.K.罗琳收到了无数出版商的退稿信。）”与本句存在转折关系，即被拒绝然而她不认输不放弃；故根据句意和首字母可知填写nevertheless，“然而”，呈现出先后的转折，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Nevertheless。 28. classic/lassic 【解析】考查名词。句意：我最喜欢的经典作品《红楼梦》在中国文学史上占有重要的地位。根据首字母和句意可知，形容词favorite（最喜欢的）后接名词，空处使用名词classic（经典作品），根据occupies可知，应使用单数形式。故填classic。 29. debt/ebt 【解析】考查名词词义。句意：他答应一个月内还债。根据首字母提示和句意，此处用名词“债务”，debt“债务”为名词，故填debt。 30. delighted/elighted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这是我第一次来中国并且我很开心来到这里。我希望我能来更多次。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处需要填写形容词delighted表示“高兴的”作表语，构成短语be delighted to do sth.，表示“做某事很高兴”。故填delighted。 31. delighted/elighted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们很高兴地通知您，您的工作已被接受。由空后“your work has been accepted.(你的工作已经被接受)”和首字母d可知，delighted高兴的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填delighted。 32. classic/lassic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：应该鼓励孩子们在业余时间阅读经典文学作品。根据句意和首字母提示应填classic“经典的”作定语，故填classic。 33. pace/ace 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国将加大生态文明建设力度，加快产业结构转型，倡导绿色低碳的生产生活方式。根据句意和首字母提示应填pace“速度”符合句意，at a faster pace“以更快的速度”，故填pace。 34. rarely/arely 【解析】考查副词。句意：他的母亲很少因为他的失败而责备他，对此他很感激。根据“he was grateful”可知，他的母亲很少因为他的失败而责备他。用频度副词rarely（很少）作状语，故填rarely。 35. outcome/utcome 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们正焦急地等待着他们讨论的结果。设空处在句中作动词短语waiting for的宾语，由句意以及首字母提示可知，outcome“结果”为可数名词，符合句意；由空后的“of their discussion”可知设空处应填可数名词outcome的单数形式。故填outcome。 36. delighted/elighted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：听到你被一所重点大学录取的消息，我很高兴。根据“you are admitted to a key university”可知，我对你被重点大学录取感到很高兴，所以空处要用形容词delighted “高兴的”，作表语。故填delighted。 37. guarantee/uarantee 【解析】考查动词。句意：我们保证免费更换坏了的门。根据句意及首字母提示可知，guarantee保证，动词，此处是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是We，谓语动词用原形，故填guarantee。 38. outcome/utcome 【解析】考查名词。句意：比赛的最后结果是平局。由“was tie”可知，句子表示“比赛的最后结果是平局”，空格处意为“结果”，由首字母提示o可知，是outcome，由was可知，空格处用单数，故填outcome。 39. overnight/vernight 【解析】考查副词。句意：我是一个现实主义者——你应该知道你不可能在一夜之间改变一个人。根据“you can’t change people”可知，不可能一夜之间改变。根据首字母提示和句意可知，“一夜之间”使用副词overnight。故填overnight。 40. guarantee/uarantee 【解析】考查动词。句意：没有哪家航空公司能保证他们的航班永远不会延误。根据首字母和空前后句意可知，guarantee保证，动词作谓语，符合题意；情态动词can后续接动词原形。故填guarantee。 二、 41. when serving in the US Army 【解析】考查时间状语从句的省略。句意：即使在二战期间在美国军队服役时，他也随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》的六章，并在整个战争期间一直在写这本小说。“在美国军队服役时”用when引导的时间状语从句，由carried可知，从句时态用过去进行时，主语是he，“服役”是serve，“在美国军队”是in the US Army，因此从句是when he was serving in the US Army，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词，因此省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是when serving in the US Army。故填when serving in the US Army。 42. Keep trying and 【解析】考查固定句式。句意：继续努力，最终你会读到“我们很高兴通知你……”。“继续做某事”keep doing sth.，“努力”try，使用动名词形式trying作宾语，本句使用“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式，keep使用动词原形形式即可，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Keep trying and。 43. regret to inform you 【解析】考查动词短语和动词。句意：我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。表示“遗憾地做某事”应用动词短语regret to do，此处用to do不定式表示动作发生在regret之后。表示“通知”应用动词inform，表示“你”应用代词you作宾语。故填regret to inform you。 44. Sensitive to sharp criticism 【解析】考查形容词短语作状语。句意：对尖锐的批评很敏感，这位年轻的物理学家灰心丧气，几乎完全放弃了科学工作。根据所给出的汉语提示并分析英语句子可知，“______ (对尖锐的批评很敏感)”在英语句子中作状语，其中“对……（很）敏感”用形容词短语“(be) sensitive to sth”表示，“尖锐的批评”用名词短语“sharp criticism”表示。故填Sensitive to sharp criticism。 45. have a lot in common 【解析】考查固定短语和时态。句意：他们是朋友，有很多共同点，所以他们愿意彼此交谈。have...in common (有共同之处)，a lot ( 很多、许多)，结合are可知，并列谓语用一般现在时，主语They，谓语复数形式。故填have a lot in common。 46. turned down 【解析】考查被动语态和动词短语。句意：恐怕你的加薪要求又被拒绝了。根据汉语提示“拒绝”，短语turn down符合题意，根据句意分析，turn down的主语是request，request与turn down之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，turn用过去分词turned。故答案为turned down。 47. have no regrets about leaving 【解析】考查固定搭配及非谓语动词。句意：我毫不后悔离开。表示现在的情况用一般现在时。have regrets about doing sth表示后悔做过某事；have no regrets about doing sth毫不后悔做某事。结合句意，故本题的答案为①have②no③regrets④about⑤leaving。 48. all too often 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：人们总是等待成功降临在自己身上。表示“时常”用all too often，此处使用固定短语作状语。故填all too often。 49. may have spent 【解析】考查动词。句意：你可能已经花了好几年的时间放弃你的周末和空闲时间来写你一生的作品，但这往往还不够。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据汉语提示，表示“可能花了”使用may have spent，即may+have done的结构，表示对过去发生动作的推测。故填may have spent。 50. did he visit his parents 【解析】考查倒装。句意：他很少去看望他的父母，这让我很吃惊。 rarely 意为“少有地；罕见地”，是否定副词，放在句首时句子主谓语需要倒装。根据which surprised me very much可知，此处应用一般过去时态，故要借助助动词did。故答案为：did he visit his parents。 51. Learn about the general history of the Tang Dynasty 【解析】考查固定句式。句意：了解唐朝的历史概况，你就会更好地理解唐诗。“了解”learn about，“唐朝的历史概况”the general history of the Tang Dynasty，名词短语作介词about的宾语，本句使用“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式，learn使用动词原形形式即可，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Learn about the general history of the Tang Dynasty。 52. get his works published 【解析】考查动词和非谓语。句意：J. D. Salinger在高中时开始写短篇小说，但后来他的作品很难发表。表示“发表他的作品”可用短语 his works published，动词原形和to构成不定式作宾语；get sth done是固定短语，get接宾语work“作品”常用复数，动词publish和宾语之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作宾语补足语。故填get his works published。 53. classic design 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：这座寺庙被认为是经典设计的一个例子 。classic“经典的”是形容词作定语，design“设计”是不可数名词，作介词of的宾语，故填classic design。 54. makes every effort 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：虽然昆士兰铁路公司尽一切努力确保列车按计划运行，但无法保证列车之间或列车服务与巴士服务之间的连接。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语“make every effort to do sth”，意为“尽一切努力做某事”。该动词短语在条件状语从句中作谓语动词，句子的时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式，所以make用第三人称单数形式。故填①makes②every③effort。 55. nevertheless 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们的失败是意料之中的，但仍然令人失望。根据汉语提示，副词nevertheless意为“尽管如此”，在该句中作状语。故填nevertheless。 56. guarantee you an opportunity for an interview 【解析】考查动词。句意：如果你马上把申请表发过来，我可以 保证你有一个面试的机会。根据汉语提示可知，“保证”应为动词guarantee，且该动词可接双宾语，且空前为情态动词，所以应用动词原形。“面试机会”译为 an opportunity for an interview。故填guarantee you an opportunity for an interview。 57. with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages 【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：……并且正如我们所知，《哈利·波特》在全球取得了成功，销量超过4亿册，并被翻译成70多种不同的语言。结合语意可知，句子表示由于销售量超过4亿册以及被翻译成70多种不同的语言，《哈利·波特》在全球取得了成功，空处应用with复合结构作原因状语，“超过4亿册”over 400 million books，作介词with的宾语，“销售”sell，“翻译成70多种不同的语言”translate into more than seventy different languages，分析句子结构可知，sell与translate并列，作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语over 400 million books之间均为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式sold and translated，作宾语补足语。故填with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages。 58. classic example 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：他是个典型的聪明但懒惰的孩子。“典型的”用形容词“classic”，作定语，注意题干有不定代词a，且空后有of表所属，所以可用“adj.+example”来作为“典型的例子”翻译，所以“典型的”译为“classic example”。故填classic example。 59. play a part 【解析】考查动词。句意：虽然大量的努力和一点点运气起了作用，但毅力是关键。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“起作用”用play a part。句子的主语为 a lot of hard work and a touch of luck，为复数，谓语动词用动词原形。故填play a part。 60. likely outcome 【解析】考查形容词及名词。句意：这整件事可能的结果是什么？根据句意及汉语提示可知，“可能的”英文为likely，“结果”英文为outcome。故填likely outcome。 三、 1 61. rejection 62. to get 63. received 64. up 65. chapters 66. throughout 67. published 68. immediate 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作家J. D. 塞林格的作品《麦田里的守望者》的写作及出版经历。 61. 考查名词。句意：伟大作品的作者常常不得不面对批评和拒绝。空处与criticism并列，应用名词rejection，表示“拒绝”，抽象概念不可数。故填rejection。 62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：J. D. 塞林格在高中开始写短篇小说，但后来他的作品很难出版。struggle to do sth.表示“挣扎做某事”，符合句意，所以空处应用动词的不定式形式。故填to get。 63. 考查时态。句意：“我们觉得我们对中心人物还不够了解”，这是他的《麦田里的守望者》手稿上受到的批评。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据句中was可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词应用过去式形式。故填received。 64. 考查固定短语。句意：尽管遭到几家出版商的拒绝，J. D. 塞林格拒绝放弃。结合语意，空处应用up，构成短语give up，表示“放弃”。故填up。 65. 考查名词。句意：即使在第二次世界大战期间在美国军队服役时，他也随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》的六章，并在整个战时服役期间致力于这部小说。空前six是基数词，后接可数名词的复数形式。故填chapters。 66. 考查介词。句意：即使在第二次世界大战期间在美国军队服役时，他也随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》的六章，并在整个战时服役期间致力于这部小说。结合语意和句子结构，空处应用介词throughout，表示“自始至终，贯穿整个时期”，符合句意。故填throughout。 67. 考查语态。句意：当它最终出版时，这本书立即成为畅销书，并继续售出了数百万册复印本。publish与主语it之间是被动关系，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填published。 68. 考查形容词。句意：当它最终出版时，这本书立即成为畅销书，并继续售出了数百万册复印本。空处修饰名词best-seller，应用形容词形式作定语。故填immediate。 2 69. up 70. rarely 71. for 72. publishers 73. to understand 74. persevered 75. sold 76. later 77. serving 78. when 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了成为作家不是一件容易的事。 69. 考查固定搭配。句意：很多作家可能已经花了多年的时间放弃了他们的周末和空闲的时间写他们一生的著作，但这仍然是不够的。give up意为“放弃”。故填up。 70. 考查副词。句意：事实上，成功很少在一夜之间发生。修饰动词happens需用副词rarely作状语。故填rarely。 71. 考查介词。句意：以J.K.罗琳为例。take... for example 以……为例。故填for。 72. 考查名词。句意：当她终于完成第一本书时，她也收到了出版商的评论：“对孩子来说太难理解了。”空处需填名词publisher，作介词from的宾语，publisher为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填publishers。 73. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当她终于完成第一本书时，她也收到了出版商的评论：“对孩子来说太难理解了。”too…to…为固定句型，意为“太……而不能……”，空处需填动词不定式。故填to understand。 74. 考查动词时态。句意：尽管如此，她还是坚持了下来。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填persevered。 75. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在总共12次拒绝之后，《哈利•波特》在全球范围内获得了成功，卖出了4亿多本，并被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，books和sell为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填sold。 76. 考查副词。句意：J.D.塞林格在高中就开始写短篇小说，但直到后来才好不容易出版了他的作品。空处需填副词作状语，later adv.较晚地；以后，过后；后来。故填later。 77. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：即使在第二次世界大战期间，他在美国军队服役时，也随身携带着《麦田的守望者》的六个章节，并在整个战争服役期间都在写小说。When引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，when serving in the US Army相当于when he was serving in the US Army，省略了he was。故填serving。 78. 考查定语从句。句意：虽然这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代，但勃朗特三姐妹都成了著名的作家。空处引导定语从句，其中a time为先行词，在后面的从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 四、 1 79. B 80. C 81. D 82. D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者邀请朋友Greg前来度假，他们玩儿得很高兴，但是那天Greg却被车撞死了，作者为此感到很伤心。 79. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“He was always smiling. The complete opposite of my shy self, Greg was always the life of the party.(他总是面带微笑。与害羞的我完全相反，格雷格总是聚会上的主角。)”和第三段的“He was just enjoying life.(他只是在享受生活。)”和“He would sit back and put his hands on his belly and just laugh.(他会坐下来，把手放在肚子上，只是笑。)”可知，Greg是为人随和乐观的，故选B。 80. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The story happened on the day when I lost my best friend to a hit-and-run driver(这个故事发生在我最好的朋友被一个肇事逃逸的司机撞死的那天)”和倒数第二段的“The car hit him in the head, knocking him around 75-100 yards.(汽车撞到了他的头部，把他撞到了75到100码的地方。)”可知，Greg死于车祸，故选C。 81. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Since it was a holiday weekend I had been on the phone with Greg the night before many times.(因为那是一个假日周末，我在前一天晚上和格雷格通了很多次电话。)”，“So, my mom, brother, and I went to pick him up.(所以，我妈妈，哥哥和我去接他。)”，第三段的“We got two large pizzas that Friday night.(那个星期五晚上我们订了两个大披萨。)”，第四段的“On Saturday morning Dad took us out for breakfast.(星期六早上，爸爸带我们出去吃早餐。)”和倒数第二段的“The car hit him in the head, knocking him around 75-100 yards.(汽车撞到了他的头部，把他撞到了75到100码的地方。)”可知，事件正确的排序是⑤③④②①，故选D。 82. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“One of the neighbors called 911.(其中一个邻居拨打了911。)”可知，事故发生后David的邻居前来帮助他们，故选D。 2 83. A 84. A 85. C 86. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在海滩遭遇棕熊的攻击，最终自救的过程，告诉我们在遇到危险时，要保持冷静的头脑思考问题，遇事不要慌张。 83. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.”（一头有攻击性的熊通常会冲上前吓唬它的敌人，但会在最后一刻突然停下来）和最后一段的“Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.”（显然，这只熊很满意我们没有造成进一步的威胁，它离开了，跑的时候撞坏了栅栏）可知，当熊感受到安全以后，最终走开了。故选A。 84. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I’m proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.”（我感到骄傲的是，在恐慌可能导致截然不同的结果时，我的家人却保持了清醒的头脑）可知，作者和他的家人之所以能活下来，主要是因为他们的冷静。故选A。 85. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.”（我的胳膊受伤了，但是对我们来说这个结果是再好不过的了）可知，这个结果比预想的要好，人还活着这是不幸中的万幸。由此推知，熊离开后这家人感到如释重负。故选C。 86. 推理判断题。通篇阅读文章可知，作者讲述在拍摄鸟类时看见一只饥饿的熊，不一会熊来到了作者和家人身后，然后讲述作者对抗熊的过程，到最后熊一无所获走开。由此推知文章是以时间顺序展开的。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Starting out & Understanding ideas 外研版2019必修第一册 重点词句分析 1.inform v.通知,告知 Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details. 现在,我写信告诉你一些相关的细节。 I’d like to inform you that our sports meeting will be put off until next Thursday. 我想通知你们,我们的运动会将推迟到下周四。 【知识拓展】 (1)inform sb.of/about sth.　 告诉某人某事;通知某人某事 inform sb.that/when/how... 通知某人…… keep sb.informed (of) 使某人随时了解(……) (2)information n.消息;情报;信息 【核心提示】 常见“动词+sb.+of sth.”结构的动词短语集萃 cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的病;改掉某人的坏习惯 remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某情况(事) rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人的某物 warn sb.of sth.警告某人有某情况 【知识微练】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I’ve just been informed __________(attend) an important conference, so I will arrange for my colleague Li Lei to pick you up.  ②Be sure to keep it a secret and don’t offer any relevant ____________(inform) to other people. ③They would inform him _________ any progress they had made. ④I hope you will ____________________how you are getting on with your study.  我希望你告诉我你的学习进展如何。 to attend information of/about keep me informed of 2.guarantee v.保证;确保 n.保证 (教材原句)So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success. 因此,似乎仅凭天赋不足以保证成功。 Do guarantee to behave yourself when invited to your Chinese friend’s home. 被邀请到中国朋友家做客时,一定要保证自己举止得体。 【知识拓展】 (1)guarantee to do sth./that... 保证/担保做某事/确保…… guarantee sb.sth. 保证某人某事 be guaranteed to do sth. 一定做某事 (2)give sb.a guarantee (that)... 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 【知识微练】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is essential that your computer should be still _______guarantee. ②We guarantee __________(inform) you of what’s happening here in time.  ③Such a tasty breakfast _______________________their mom delighted on Mother’s Day.  这样一顿美味的早餐保证会让他们的妈妈在母亲节快乐。 under to inform was guaranteed to make 3.delighted adj.愉快的,高兴的 (2021·全国甲卷)Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.很显然,我们都非常高兴地欢迎又一只小牛加入我们的黑犀牛大家庭。 I was delighted at/by/with the presence of such a witty student. 有这样一位风趣的学生在场,我很高兴。 【知识拓展】 (1)be delighted to do sth.　 高兴做某事 be delighted by/at/with sth. 对某事感到高兴 (2)delight n.高兴;快乐 v.使高兴;使快乐 to one’s delight = to the delight of sb.使某人高兴的是 take delight in (doing)sth. 以(做)某事为乐 with/in delight 高兴地;愉快地 (3)delightful adj.令人高兴的 【知识微练】语段填空/完成句子 ①Today, a piece of good news __________(delight) Lily.When class began, the maths teacher told the whole class ________ delight, “____ my delight, the results of the test are excellent, and Lily got full marks.This is a __________(delight) result; next Lily will share her experience with us.” ②(应用文之人物介绍) He is so kind that he ___________________________.  他如此友善,以助人为乐。 delighted with/in To delightful takes delight in helping others 4.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,but later struggled to get his works published.J.D.塞林格从高中时就开始写短篇小说了,但之后他的作品却难以发表。  [句式解构] 本句中的get his works published是“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。此处是过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动。 ※“get+宾语+宾语补足语”的常见结构: get+宾语+adj./doing/done/to do 【知识微练】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The boy soon went to the hospital and got his injured leg __________(examine). ②It was very cold that morning,so I couldn’t get my car _________(run). ③If you are weak in English,you can get your brother ________(help) you.  ④What a mess! You’d better ______________________________.  真乱!你最好保持你房间里的所有东西干干净净。 examined running to help get everything in your room clean 5.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”  坚持下去,你终会收到这样的回复:“我们高兴地通知您……” [句式解构]该句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。祈使句相当于一个条件句;陈述句表示一种结果,故该句型可以转化为“If条件句+主句”。 *Hurry up, or/otherwise you’ll be late again. =Unless you hurry up/If you don’t hurry up,you will be late again. 快点,否则你会再次迟到的。 【核心提示】“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型点拨 (1)名词词组+and+陈述句,名词词组中通常含有more, another, further等。 (2)祈使句+or+陈述句=If...not...,+主句,or表示否则,前后为转折关系。 注意:以上结构后面的陈述句多用一般将来时。 【知识微练】单句语法填空/句式升级 ①A bit more effort, I think, _____you will settle the problem. ②Don’t be too talkative, ____you may leave a poor impression on others. ③If you follow your teacher’s advice, you’ll catch up with others in English study. →_______________________________________________________________ _______(祈使句+and+陈述句)  →_____________________________, you’ll catch up with others in English study.(动词-ing形式作状语)  and or Follow your teacher’s advice, and you’ll catch up with others in English study. Following your teacher’s advice 6.debt n.债务,欠款 I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。 You are so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe you. 你对我太好了,我永远都还不清欠你的人情债。 【知识拓展】 in debt　 负债 out of debt 还清债务 get into debt 负债 pay off the debt 还清债务 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(应用文之申请信)I would be ____your debt if you could take my application into consideration. ②We’ll get _____debt if you spend more than our income. ③The fact that my family was ________occurred to me,so I dropped my favorite toy and ran towards my home,hoping that my hard-earned money could help my father stay ___________.  我突然想起我家负债的事实,因此我放下我最喜爱的玩具往家跑去,希望我辛苦 挣的钱可以帮助爸爸还清债务。 in into in debt out of debt 7.regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事 I regret to tell you that I can’t pick you up at the airport because I have to care for my grandma at home. 我很遗憾地告诉你,我不能去机场接你了,因为我要在家照顾我的奶奶。 I regret to inform you that your application has not be successful. 我很遗憾地通知你,你的申请没有成功。 【知识拓展】 (1)regret　后悔做了某事 regret that... 后悔/遗憾…… (2)with (great) regret (非常)遗憾 (much) to one’s regret/to one’s (great) regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①“I regret _______(tell) you that you failed to pass the test,”said the teacher.  ②I have regretted ___________(leave)the work unfinished.  ③He told me ______regret that he could not come to the party. ④(应用文之道歉信) __________________________________, I am unable to accept your invitation.  很抱歉,我不能接受你的邀请。 to tell having left with Much to my regret/To my great regret 8.dread n.&v.畏惧,惧怕 (教材原句)These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, but words every writer knows well.这是每个作家都害怕收到的话,但又为每个作家所熟知。 Anne looked with dread at the end of the passage. 安妮恐惧地看了看通道的尽头。 【知识拓展】 (1)dread doing sth.　　 害怕做某事 dread sb.doing sth. 害怕某人做某事 dread that... 害怕…… (2)with dread 恐惧地 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①He is dreading _______(go) back to work after graduation. ②我很怕父母把我一个人留在家里。 →I __________________________________at home.  →I ________________________________at home.  going dread that my parents leave me alone dread my parents leaving me alone 9.rarely adv.很少,难得 I very rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. 我很少穿雨衣,因为我大部分时间都在车里。 Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset. 我很少看到这么美的日落。 【知识拓展】 rare 　adj.稀少的;珍贵的;(肉)半熟的 it is rare (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)难得做某事,(某人)很少做某事 【核心提示】 　　否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时,句子使用部分倒装。 Rarely did he go anywhere except to his office. 除了去办公室,他很少去别的地方。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _______(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. ②I often remind myself how rare it is for me ________(have) such an opportunity.  ③He rarely goes to the cinema with his parents. →Rarely ___________to the cinema with his parents.  rarely to have does he go 10.turn...down拒绝;调低(温度等) (教材原句)“I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down,but I often feared that would happen,” she later posted. “我不会放弃,除非所有的出版商都拒绝我,但我经常担心会发生这种情况,” 她后来发帖子说。 Please turn the radio down; I am going to sleep. 请将收音机音量调小,我要睡觉了。 【知识拓展】 turn on/off　　 打开/关闭(水、煤气、电灯等) turn out 结果是,证明是,生产出 turn up 调大;出现 turn to 求助于;转向;着手,致力于 turn over 打翻;翻阅;反复思考 turn around 转过身 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Tom had to turn _______the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. ②Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will turn ____sooner or later. ③He said he was a doctor, but later he turned _____a cheat. ④ ___________________,he was surprised to see that the man had disappeared.  当他转身时,他惊奇地发现那个人已经消失了。 down up out As he turned around 11.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.  出版商给了回信,作家急切地拆开来读,当读到那最后一句时,他们的心随即跌落谷底。 [句式解构] 本句中their hearts sinking为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,可表示原因、 条件、伴随状况等。 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. =He sat in the front row, and his mouth was half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半张着。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. =When her work was done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她做完了工作,坐下来喝茶。 【核心提示】 独立主格结构 (1)名词/主格代词+动词-ing形式(短语)。名词或主格代词与动词-ing形式之间是主谓关系。 (2)名词/主格代词+动词-ed形式(短语)。名词或主格代词与动词-ed形式之间是动宾关系。 (3)名词/主格代词+不定式(短语)。名词或主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体的动作。 (4)名词/主格代词+形容词/副词。 (5)名词/主格代词+介词短语。这类独立主格结构中,当其中的介词是in时,其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数形式。 【知识微练】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It _______(be) a fine day,the children went to the amusement park. ②The work _________(finish),the employer allowed them to leave the office and went home. ③(读后续写之神态描写)The little girl entered the room, ____________________.  小女孩走进房间,脸冻红了。 being finished her face red with cold $$