2024年外研版中考英语语法知识-时态（时态讲解+时态练习+综合练习）

初中语法知识 时态 一、时态概述 1、时态的定义:时态 (Tense) 是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。 2、 时态的种类:英语中时态从时间上划分,可以分为:现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时,每一类从行为上又可分为四种形式:一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。这样,英语中的动词共有十六种时态。下面以work 为例列出各个时态的形式: ( 行为 时间 ) 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 work/works 一般现在时 am/is/are working 现在进行时 has/have worked 现在完成时 has/have been working 现在完成进行时 过去 worked 一般过去时 was/were working 过去进行时 had worked 过去完成时 had been working 过去完成进行时 将来 shall/will work 一般将来时 shall/will be working 将来进行时 shall/will have worked 将来完成时 shall/will have been working 将来完成进行时 过去 should/would 一般过去将来时 should/would be working 过去将来进行时 should/would have worked 过去将来完成时 should/would have been working 过去将来完成进行 时 注:1.八个常用时态: 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、 一般过去式、过去进行时、过去完成时、 一般将来时和过去将来时 2. 四个次常用时态: 现在完成进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时和过去将来进行时 3.四个很少用的时态: 过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成时和过去将来完成进行时 二、知识点 考点一 :一般现在时 (1) 用法。 1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语(always,usually, often, sometimes, never,every day等)连用。 3.表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实。 4.表示格言或警句。 1. Tom and Mike very excited because they will take a trip. 答案:B A.is B.are C.am D.be 2. I home for school at 7 every morning. 答案:C A.leaves B.is leaving C.leave D.am leaving 3. The earth around the sun 答案:A A. moves B. is moving C. moved D. move 4. Pride before a fall. 答案:B A.go B. goes C.is going D.going 考点二 :一般过去时 (1) 一般过去式的基本用法。 1.表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。常和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last week, three days ago等。 2.表示刚刚发生的事情而没说明时间。 3.可以表示过去的习惯性动作,句中常带有every day, often usually, always, sometimes等状语。 考点三 :现在进行时 (1) 现在进行时基本结构:am/is/are+动词的现在分词+其它成分 (2) 现在进行时常和now,look,listen等连用。 (3) 用现在进行时表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等位移性动词,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 We are leaving for Shanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车就快来了。 (4) 进行时态同always,forever等频率副词连用,表示各种感情色彩,如:赞扬、抱怨、讨厌等。 The man is always helping others.这个男的总是帮助别人。 He is always borrowing money from me but he never pays it back.他总是跟我借钱,但是从来不还。 考点四 :一般将来时 (1) 一般将来时基本结构1:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他成分,shall用于第一人称,will可用于所有人称。 Tom will be a middle school student next year. Tom明年是一名中学生。 I will clean the classroom this afternoon. 今天下午我打扫教室。 (2) 一般将来时基本结构2:主语+am/is/are going to+ 动词原形+其他成分,表示事先经过考虑,安排,计划要做的事情,或者根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。 1. 他们打算这周末打扫房间。(翻译句子) 答 案 :They are going to clean the classroom this weekend. 2. 看乌云密布,要下雨了。(翻译句子) 答 案 :Look at the black clouds, it is going to rain (3) will与be going to的区别:be going to指的是计划打算,并有迹象的推测,而will表示客观的将来。 The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 太阳每天早上六点升起。 The boy will be happy when he gets a good mark. 当这个男孩取得好成绩时,他会很高兴。 Their sister is going to buy a pair of shoes tomorrow evening. 他们的姐姐明天晚上要去买一双鞋。 考点五 :过去进行时 (1) 过去进行时的定义与结构。 ①定义:过去完成时表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 ②结构:was/were doing I was having a meeting at eight yesterday.我昨天八点正在开会 。 The students were reading books loudly when the the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候学生们正在读书。 (2) 常与过去进行时连用的时间状语。过去完成时的时间状语常为表示过去某一点时间的短语或者句子:at nine yesterday, at that time, when I arrived... 1. Tom's mother when Tom went into the kitchen 答 案 :C cooked dinner B.cooking dinner C. was cooking dinner D. cook dinner 2. At three yesterday afternoon, the farmers on the farm. 答案 : B A.worked B. were working C. was working D. work 3. -Please don't smoke in the nonsmoking area 答案:C -Sorry,I the sign 'No Smoking' don't notice B. won't notice C. wasn't noticing D.noticed (3) 过去进行时的用法。 ①表示过去某时正在发生的动作。 I was reading a newspaper at nine o'clock yesterday evening.昨天晚上九点我正在看报纸。 ②表示过去某段时间持续的动作。 They were building a dam last spring.他们去年春天一直在建造大坝。 ③表示与过去某个动作同时发生的动作,常见于从句中。 I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.当我妈妈正在烧饭的时候,我正在写作业。 ④同always,forever等频率副词连用表示各种感情色彩。 She was always complaining about her husband.她总是抱怨她的 丈 夫 。 考点六 :现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时的结构。 现在完成时是由"助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词"构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义 He has already finished his homework.他已经做完作业了。 He hasn't finished his homework yet.他还没有做完作业。 -Has he finished his homework yet?他已经做完作业了吗? -Yes,he has./No,he hasn't.是的,做完了。/不,还没有。 (2) 现在完成时的的定义和用法。 ①表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 -Would you like some bread?你想要一些面包吗? -No,thanks. I have had my breakfast.不,谢谢,我已经吃过早饭了 。 (对现在的影响:不饿) -Why don't you drive to your office?你为什么不开车去办公室啊? -Because my car has broken.因为我的车坏了。 (对现在的影响;车没办法开了) ②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在,也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。 He has studied English for 6 years.他已经学习英语六年了。 Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou. 自从从杭州回来,玛丽一直在忙。 (3) 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语。 ①用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业 。 ②用ever"曾经"和never"从未"。它们多用于否定或疑问句 中 。 Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗? I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 ③用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before, up to now, so far,until now, in the past few years等。 I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times in the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。 ④用for+一段时间,since+时间点。 I've lived here for 15 years.我已经在这里住十五年了。 I've lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里 了 。 Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China. 自从来到中国,格林先生一直在这里工作。 注 意 : "for+一段时间"和"since+时间点"都是表示一段时间的状语,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。所以谓语动词必须是延续性动词。像come,arrive,buy等短暂性动词在肯定句中不能与表示"一段时间"的状语连用,否则要改为延续性动词。 常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词: arrive be here begin(start) be on die be dead come back be back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep) be ill(sick,asleep) get up be up go out be out finish be over put on wear或be on open be open join be in或be a member of close be closed go to school be a student borrow keep buy have catch a cold) have a cold He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。 (4) have been in 、have been to与have gone to的区别。 ①have been in表示"在某地(多长时间)",常与表示 一 段时间的状语连用。 Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大有五年了 。 ②have been to表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了,可与just,ever,never等连用。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。 have(has) been to后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。 They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 ③ have gone(to)表示“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,常用于第三人称。 -Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里? -He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。 (5) 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。 现在完成时表示过去的动作 一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去 或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响; 一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围,因此,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last night, two weeks ago等。 1. The classroom is very clean because the students . 答案 : C A. cleaned it B. clean it C. have cleaned it D. are cleaning it 2. When I was a child,I for two years. 答 案 : A A.lived in the countryside B.live in the countryside C. was living in the countryside D. am living in the countryside 3. He his hometown three years ago. 答案:A A.left B.leaves C.has left D. is leaving 考点七 :过去完成时 (1) 过去完成时的定义及构成。 定 义 :过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即"过去的过去"。 构成:助动词had+过去分词 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。 He didn't go to bed until he had finished he work.他直到把工作做完之后才睡 (2) 过去完成时的用法。 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前 已经完成或结束,即发生在“"过去的过去"。过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是"过去的过去",只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 ①过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一动作之前已经完成或结束 When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时,雨已经停了 。 He had left when I arrived.当我到达时他已经离开。 She told me that she had written a new novel.她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。 I found the watch which I had lost.我找到了我丢失的表。 ②过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经完成或结束。 Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 艾米来中国之前,在一所中学已经教了五年英语。 Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven. 汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。 ③过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。 By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years. 去年年底时,爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。 By six o'clock he had worked eleven hours.到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。 (3) 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别。 现在完成时着眼于现在,强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果,或是由过去持续到现在的动作。 过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别,表达 的是"过去的过去",即比过去发生的某动作都还要"过去",两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去 时 。 They have lived here for twenty years.他们住在这二十年了。 We have lived in Beijing since we came China. 自我们来中国就住在北京了。 We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.在上期期末,我们就已经学了2000个单词。 考点九 :过去将来时 (1) 过去将来时的定义和构成。 定 义 :过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存 在的状态.是在某一过去时之后发生的动作,我们可以理解为它是"立足于过去,着眼于未来"的一种时态。 构成:would/should do或was/were doing Li Ming said that you would be happy if you heard from me.李明说如果你收到我来信,你会很开心的。 He said that he was going to have a walk with his mother.他说他将要和他妈妈去散步。 练习题: 阅读理解。 A Jane is a happy girl, but she doesn't do well at school. Her desk is not tidy. Her things are everywhere. She can't spell English words and she doesn't listen to the teachers. So she never has a star(星星). The stars are for good students. It's a Friday morning. Miss White, the art teacher, says to the class, “Boys and girls, tomorrow is Teachers' Day. Please draw(画)a Thank- you picture for your favorite(最喜爱的) teacher.” All the boys and girls draw one picture. They have one favorite teacher, but Jane doesn't. She draws seven pictures. All her teachers have one. Jane loves them. She thinks they are very nice. “Oh, Jane, you draw seven pictures,” Miss White says. “Yes. Miss White. I like to thank all my teachers. This one is for you.” “Thank you, Jane. You're a good girl. This is a star for you!” 1.The story happens(发生)_. A.at school B.after class C.in the afternoon 2.The underlined(下划线)word“never”means“_”in Chinese. A.总是 B.经常 C.从未 3.Miss White asks her students to draw for_. A.Teachers' Day B.Children's Day C.Father's Day 4.What is TRUE(正确的)about Jane? A.Her desk is tidy. B.She thinks all her teachers are good. C.She doesn't like Miss White. 5._, so(因此)she has a star. A.Jane spells words well B.Jane is a good girl C.Jane helps Miss White B Mr. Morgan is an old man. He is 65 years old. He has a big house and a new car. He has no wife(妻子), but he is a father of four children. He lives a happy life. He has two sons and two daughters. One of the sons was born(出生)in America. His name is Jack and the other(另一个)is Simon, and he comes from England. His daughters' names are Qianqian and Mikou. Qianqian is from China, and Mikou is a Japanese girl. Mr. Morgan is not their real(真正的)father, but he loves them very much. In his free time, they often watch TV, listen to music and talk to each other. His son Simon likes football, and Jack likes basketball. They often play sports after school, but they walk home together after that. On weekends, the girls usually stay at home and watch TV. They sometimes help Mr. Morgan with some housework because he is too old. This weekend, Mr. Morgan and his children go to Disneyland in America happily. He buys his children a lot of things and they see a lot of people in the street. They all have a good time. 6.According to the passage, how many people are there in Mr. Morgan's family? A.4. B.5 . C.6. 7.Who was born in America? A.Simon. B.Jack. C.Qianqian. 8.When do Simon and Jack often play sports? A.In the morning. B.On weekends. C.After school. 9.Who sometimes help Mr. Morgan with the housework? A.The two boys. B.Qianqian and Simon. C.Mikou and Qianqian. 10.What does the passage mainly talk about? A.Mr. Morgan's happy life. B.Mr. Morgan's children. C.Mr. Morgan's weekend 语篇翻译 Mr. and Mrs. Miller have two sons, Mike and Danny. They are different(不同的). Mike is tidy, but Danny isn't. ①这是迈克的房间。His photo is on the wall. His radio is on his desk. His schoolbag is on his chair. His books and CDs are in his bookcase. Mike likes model planes. Where are they? They are on the bookcase. This is Danny's room. His clock is on his bed. ② His books are on his bed, in his desk and under his chair. Danny likes basketball(篮球). ③他的篮球在哪儿? Danny can't find it. He looks for(寻找)it on his desk. ④He doesn't find it. He looks for it under his bed. He doesn't find it. “Where is my basketball?” he asks Mrs. Miller. “Look at your bed! ⑤ It is on your quilt!” Mrs. Miller answer. 11._ 12._ 13._ 14._ 15._ 完型填空 I have(有)a new friend. 11 name is Peter Smith. Smith is his 12 name. His 13 Jack Smith and Mary Smith are teachers. Cindy Smith is a nice girl. She is only four years old. She is Peter’s 14 . Peter studies in a middle school. His 15 number is192401. His teacher is Ms. White. Ms. White is 16 English teacher. Is she from 17 ? No. She is from America. Look! This is Peter's room. Oh, what are 18 ? They are his notebooks and on the notebooks there is a 19 . Is the tape player Cindy’s? Yes, it’s 20 . It’s not her brother Peter’s. 16.A.Her B.His C.My 17.A.Last B.one C.first 18.A.Uncle B.parent C.parents 19.A.sister B.brother C.aunt 20.A.friend B.student C.teacher 21.A.a B.an C.the 22.A.English B.Chinese C.China 23.A.that B.those C.this 24.A.notebook B.tape C.tape player 25.A.Hers B.Her C.she’s 材料作文。 26.假如你是李明,请根据下列信息写一篇短文介绍一下你自己。 要求:(1)字迹工整,书写规范、正确,语句通顺,注意单词的大小写和标点等。 (2)不少于40词(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。 Name Li Ming Sex(性别) Female(女) Age(年龄) 13 Telephone Number 654-7859 QQ Number 2472193 Room 很整洁,里面有一张床、一张书桌、一把椅子。书在书包里,书包在书桌上,椅子在书桌底下,墙上有家庭照和漂亮的图画等。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 作业: 1—Have scientists found life on Mars? —Not yet, but I think they _it some day. A.find B.found C.have found D.will find 2.一Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing? - Very cool. I_ there once. I'd like to go there again. A. has been B. have been C. have gone D. has gone 3.—Would you like to go hiking if it _ fine this Saturday? —I'd love to. But nobody knows if it_. A.is; will rain B.is; rains C.will be; will rain D.will be; rains 4.—_did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu? —While we _ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A.When; have had B.When; were having C.While; are having D.While; have 5.While Mike computer games in his room, his dad came in. A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays 6. —Peter, have you ever been to the English Corner? —Oh, yes. I there to practice speaking once a week last term. A. went B. go C.have gone D. will go 7.Listen! Our teacher _in the music classroom. A. sings B. sang C. will sing D. is singing 8.Don't drink coffee before going to bed, or you_easily. A. don't fall asleep B. won't all asleep C. didn't fall asleep D. haven't fallen asleep 9.I _ a math problem with Joe when Mike called me up. A.have discussed B.discussed C.was discussing 10.—Alice, have you finished learning the whole book? —Not yet. So far, we _ six units. A.learned B.have learned C.learn 11.—What were you doing at this time yesterday? —I _ a movie named Lost in Russia directed by Xu Zheng. A.was seeing B.saw C.am seeing 12.To avoid gathering (聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher _ going to the party this evening. A.was B.are C.is 13.—I asked him a question, but he didn't reply. —Maybe he _about something else while you were asking. A.thought B.thinks C.was thinking 14.Tom. together with his friends, often_ to the old people's home to cheer the old up. A.go B.going C.goes 15.—Hi, Jill. I _ in my math since you shared your good experience with me. —Great! Congratulations! A.have made rapid progress B.made rapid progress C.will make rapid progress 填空题 1.﹣What's he doing? ﹣He (use) the computer. 2.My family _ (go) to Yongzhou botanical garden(植物园) last weekend. 3.This novel is very interesting. My brother _(read)it three times. 4.I was watching TV while my parents _ (chat) on the Wechat. 5.Shake the bottle well so that the milk _ (混合) with the tea. 6.Although his parents didn't want him to work abroad, Li Yang _(stick)to his own decision. 7.He f_ the exam because he was so careless with his spelling. 8.At yesterday's meeting, I_(控制) the speed of speaking and made myself heard clearly. 9.Scientists say that music makes our brain “feel happy" and it _the importance of music in cultures all over the world.(解释) 10.If you_red and yellow,what colour will you get?(mixture) 11.I haven't seen my grandpa for a long time. I _(想念)him so much. 12.He's a quiet artist and doesn't like to talk much, but his work _. (shout) 13.A stranger_ (主动提出) to give her a ride on the street, but she refused politely. 14.Don’t worry. Hobo is a smart dog and I’m sure he _ (come) back soon. 15.Millions of young people _ (fight) in World War so we could live in peace. 16.Beijing Opera, an important part of Chinese culture, _(have) a history of over 200 years. 17.Li Ziqi, together with her grandma, _ (live) a happy and peaceful life. 18.1 tried to talk with them, but they _ (agree) with me. 19.There is a train in now. If you run, you'll just _ (赶上) it. 单项选择答案: 1.【答案】D 【解析】句意:——科学家在火星上发现生命了吗?——还没有,但我想他们总有一天会找到的。 考查一般将来时。find找到,found是find的过去式;have found现在完成时,找到了;will find一般将来时,将会找到。根据答句中“some day”可知,句中时态为一般将来时,所以此处使用will find。故选D。 2.【答案】B 【解析】句意:—— 玛丽亚,你觉得梵净山怎么样? ——很酷。我已经去过那里一次。 我还想再去一次。have been去过某地,已经回来;have gone去过某地,还没回来;此处主语为第一人称单数,所以用have,排除A和D;根据 I'd like to go there again. 可知,此处已经回来了,用have been,故选B。 3.【答案】A 【解析】句意:——如果本周六不下雨,你想去远足吗?——我想去。但是没人知道是否会下雨。 考查if引导的条件状语从句的“主将从现”以及if引导的宾语从句。分析第一处可知,此处表示“如果”,时间状语是this Saturday表将来,所以应满足if引导的条件状语从句的“主将从现”,此处使用一般现在时,排除C和D。分析第二处可知,此处表示“是否”,是if引导的宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,所以应满足“主现从不限”原则,又因为时间状语是this Saturday表将来,所以使用一般将来时。故选A。 4.【答案】B 【解析】句意:——刘老师,暴风雨什么时候来的?——昨天下午我们正在上化学课的时候。 考查when和while的区别以及动词的时态。When什么时候;have had现在完成时;were having过去进行时;While在……期间;are having现在进行时;have一般现在时。根据句意可知,问句提问的是暴风雨到来的时间,并且问句的动词come是短暂性动词,而while引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词,所以第一空用特殊疑问词when,排除选项C和D。根据答句的句意和yesterday afternoon可知,第二空应该用与过去相关的时态,故选B。 5.【答案】B 【解析】句意:迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时,他爸爸进来了。 考查过去进行时。is playing现在进行时;was playing过去进行时;will play一般将来时;plays一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据句意迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时,他爸爸进来了。可知前面是正在发生,后面 came 是过去式,所以前面要用过去进行时,构成是was/were+doing,故答案选B。 6.【答案】A 【解析】句意:——彼得,你去过英语角吗? ——哦,是的。上学期我每周去一次那里练习口语。 考查一般过去时。went表一般过去时;go动词原形;have gone表现在完成时;will go表一般将来时。根据句中last term提示,空格处谓语应用一般过去时,表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作和行为,故选A。 7.【答案】D 【解析】句意:听!我们的老师正在音乐室里唱歌。 考查动词时态。sings唱歌,是动词的第三人称单数形式;sang是sing的过去式;will sing是一般将来时态;is singing现在进行时。根据句中的“Listen”可知,这里表示让对听一个正在进行着的动作,应用现在进行时态。故选D。 8.【答案】B 【解析】句意:睡觉之前不要喝咖啡,否则你很难入睡。 考查动词时态。don’t fall asleep不能入睡,一般现在时;won’t fall asleep一般将来时;didn’t fall asleep一般过去时;haven’t fallen asleep现在完成时。这句话使用了句型:祈使句+and/or+简单句,简单句中常用一般将来时态。故选B。 9.【答案】C 【解析】句意:Mike打电话给我时,我正在与Joe讨论一道数学难题。 考查时态。have discussed 现在完成时态;discussed 一般过去时态;was discussing 过去进行时。根据called可知事情发生在过去,此处是when引导的时间状语从句,“讨论”这个动作可以持续进行,故应用过去进行时,结构为was/were doing.故选C。 10.【答案】B 【解析】句意:——Alice,你学完整本书了吗?——还没有,到目前为止,我们已经学习了六个单元了。 考查动词时态。learned学习,是learn的过去式或过去分词形式;have learned现在完成时;learn学习,动词原形。根据句意和句中的So far可知,这句话应用现在完成时,故选B。 11.【答案】A 【解析】句意:——昨天这个时候你在干什么?——我在看徐峥导演的电影《囧妈》。 考查过去进行时。was seeing正在看,过去进行时;saw看,一般过去时;am seeing正在看,现在进行时。根据题干中“What were you doing at this time yesterday?”可知问的是昨天这个时候正在做什么,用过去进行时符合题意。故答案为A。 12.【答案】C 【解析】句意:为了避免聚会,学生们和他们的班主任都不参加今晚的聚会。 考查主谓一致。was是,be动词的过去式,主语是I或第三人称单数;are是,be动词的复数形式,主语是you或复数;is是,be动词的第三人称单数形式,主语是第三人称单数。根据题干中“neither the students nor their head teacher”可知neither nor 连接并列主语,谓语遵循就近一致原则,their head teacher是第三人称单数,排除B;再由时间状语“this evening”可知此处用一般现在时表将来,排除A,be动词用is。故选C。 13.【答案】C 【解析】句意:——我问他一个问题,但他没有回答。——也许你问的时候他在想别的事情。 考查时态。thought 一般过去时态;thinks 一般现在时态;was thinking 过去进行时。根据were asking可知事情发生在过去,同时,“思考”这个动作与询问这个动作是同时进行,故应用过去进行时态。故选C。 14.【答案】C 【解析】句意:汤姆,和他的朋友一起,经常去老人之家帮助老人们高兴起来。 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。go动词的一般现在时的原形;going动名词;goes动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据often可知句子是一般现在时态。主语Tom是第三人称单数,后面跟有由together with引出的短语时,谓语动词要与结构前面的主语保持一致,即与比较远的那个主语Tom保持一致。谓语动词用第三人称单数形式goes。故选C。 15.【答案】A 【解析】句意:——你好,吉尔。自从你和我分享了你的好经验,我的数学进步很快。——好极了!恭喜你! 考查现在完成时。make rapid progress取得快速的进步。根据题干中“since you shared your good experience with me”可知这里是含since的主从复合句,since引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,结合选项可知A项符合题意。故选A。 填空答案: 1.【答案】is using 【解析】【分析】﹣﹣他在干什么? ﹣﹣他正在用电脑. 【解答】考查现在进行时.根据What's he doing?"他正在干什么?"可知,现在进行时态,结构是is/am/are+动词的现在分词.主语He"他"第三人称单数,用be动词单数is.use的现在分词是using. 故答案为:is using. 2.【答案】went 【解析】句意:我的家人上周末去永州植物园了。 此处缺谓语动词;根据last weekend可知讲述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时态。此处用go的过去式went。故答案为went。 3.【答案】has read 【解析】句意:这本小说很有趣。我哥哥已经读了三遍。 根据three times可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态have/has done;句子主语为My brother,助动词应用has,read的过去分词为read,故填has read。 4.【答案】were chatting 【解析】句意:当我的父母在微信上聊天时,我在看电视。 根据题干可知此处是while引导的时间状语从句,表示一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作也正在进行,从句与主句时态保持一致,用过去进行时,其结构为was/were doing;主语“my parents”是复数,be动词用were,chat的现在分词是chatting。故答案为were chatting。 5.【答案】mixes 【解析】句意:把瓶子摇匀,使牛奶和茶混合在一起。 “混合”译为“mix”。so that引导的目的状语从句,主句是祈使句,从句根据需要选择合适的时态,结合句意可知要用一般现在时;主语"the milk”是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式mixes。故答案为mixes。 6.【答案】stuck 【解析】句意:尽管他的父母不想让他出国工作,李阳还是坚持自己的决定。 stick to坚持,动词短语。本句为although引导的让步状语从句,结合句中didn't及语境可知,从句时态为一般过去时,故主句也应为一般过去时,故此处应用所给动词的过去式stuck。故答案为stuck。 7.【答案】failed 【解析】句意:他考试不及格因为他拼写非常不小心。 此处缺谓语动词,根据was可知句子是一般过去时态,动词用过去式;此处表达“考试不及格”用短语failed the exam。故答案为failed。 8.【答案】controlled 【解析】句意:在昨天的会议上,我控制了发言的速度,让大家听得很清楚。 control控制,动词,根据句中At yesterday's meeting可知,本句时态为一般过去时,故此处应用其过去式。故答案为controlled。 9.【答案】explains 【解析】句意:科学家们说音乐让我们的大脑“感到高兴”,而且它解释了在全世界的文化中音乐的重要性。 由and可知此处是两个宾语从句的并列,根据say可知宾语从句是一般现在时态。主语it是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,此处用explains表示“解释”。故答案为explains。 10.【答案】mix 【解析】句意:如果你把红色和黄色混合,你会得到什么颜色? mixture混合物,名词;句子缺少谓语动词,if引导的条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态;从句主语you,第二人称,一般现在时态,谓语动词用原形mix混合;故填mix。 11.【答案】miss 【解析】句意:我有很长时间没见到我爷爷了。我很想念他。 提示词“想念”,英文表达是miss,动词;前句使用了现在完成时have seen,它强调对现在造成的影响/结果,所以这里的时态应用一般现在时,主语是I,谓语动词用原形;故答案为miss。 12.【答案】shouts 【解析】句意:他是一个安静的艺术家,不喜欢说太多,但他的作品却在呐喊。 此句是一个but连接的并列转折句,根据is,doesn't like可知是一般现在时态。his work是主语,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故答案为shouts。 13.【答案】offered 【解析】句意:一个陌生人在街上主动提出载她一程,但是她礼貌地拒绝了。 “主动提出”可用offer表示,动词;分析句子可知,此处用于句中作谓语,根据其后的refused可知,本句时态是一般过去时,所以此处使用动词过去式形式。故填offered。 14.【答案】will come 【解析】句意:别担心。 霍波是只聪明的狗,我相信他很快就会回来的。 根据空前的I’m sure可知,本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句,主句为一般现在时,所以从句时态不受限制;根据空后的soon结合所提供单词可知,从句应该是一般将来时,所以动词用一般将来形式will come。故答案为will come。 15.【答案】fought 【解析】句意:正因为数百万人在第二次世界大战中战斗,所以我们可以和平地生活。 根据could以及in World War II可知是一般过去时态,故答案为fought。 16.【答案】has 【解析】句意:京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分,已有200多年的历史。 空格处所给参考单词为have。根据句子结构,句子缺谓语,陈述事实的句子时态用一般现在时,且主语Beijing Opera为第三人称单数,故动词have应用第三人称单数形式,故答案为has。 17.【答案】lives 【解析】句意:李子柒和她的奶奶过着幸福、安静的生活。 live居住,过……的生活,是一个动词。根据句意可知,这句话陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态;主语是Li Ziqi, together with her grandma,用with, together with或along with连接两个名词时,谓语动词的单复数形式应跟前面的名词一致,因此这里应用第三人称单数形式。故答案为lives。 18.【答案】disagreed 【解析】句意:我试着和他们交谈,但他们不同意我的意见。 “agree”同意,动词。根据语境可知,我试图和他们交谈,句中“but”表转折,故他们不同意我的意见,故此处应为disagree不同意。根据句中tried可知,本句时态为一般过去时,故此处应用disagree的过去式。故答案为disagreed。 19.【答案】catch 【解析】句意:现在有一列火车,如果你跑的话,你将会赶上它。 提示词“赶上”,英文表达是catch,动词;句子时态是一般将来时,即will+动词原形;故答案为catch。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$