Unit 6 Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3 [对应学生用书P125] [默写单词] 1.upload vi.& vt.(使）上载，上传 n.上载（上传）的信息 2.corporation n.大型公司；企业集团 3.witness vt.亲身经历；目击 n.目击者；证人 4.spot n.地点 5.sew vi.& vt.缝，缝纫；缝制；缝补 6.budget n.预算 vi.& vt.把……编入预算 7.boost n.增长 vt.促进，推动 8.link vt.把……联系起来 n.联系，关联 9.welfare n.幸福，健康；福利 10.neighbourhood n.社区，住宅小区，街坊 11.sponsor vt.赞助，资助；为……担保 n.赞助商；资助者 [拓展单词] 1.advertise vi.& vt.为……做广告→advertisement n.广告→advertising n.广告（业）→advertiser n.广告商 2.interactive adj.互动的，交互的；合作的→interact vt.交流;沟通;相互作用→interaction n.相互影响/作用 3.freedom n.自由→free vt.释放;使自由 adj.自由的→freely adv.自由地 4.fundamental adj.根本的；基本的；基础的→fundamentally adv.根本上，完全地 5.commercial adj.商业的，商务的→commercialize vt.使商业化；利用……牟利→commercialization n.商业化 6.originate vt.创始，创造→original adj.起初的;独创的→origin n.起源 7.suitable adj.合适的，适宜的→suit vt.适合，适宜 8.attract vt.吸引→attraction n.吸引;有吸引力的事→attractive adj.吸引人的;有吸引力的 9.visual adj.视觉的，视力的→visualise vt.设想，想象→vision n.视力，视野 10.competitive adj.竞争性强的，有竞争力的→compete vi.竞争→competition n.竞争;比赛→competitor n.竞争者;参赛者 11.combine vi.& vt.（使）结合,（使）组合→combination n.结合;联合 12.anticipate vt.预期，预料→anticipation n.预期;预料 13.profit n.利润，收益，盈利→profitable adj.有利润的;赢利的;有益的 14.participate vi.参加，参与→participant n.参与者;参加者→participation n.参加;参与 1.as a result 因此，所以 2.cut out 切断；停止;关掉 3.on the spot 在现场 4.in one's opinion 在某人看来 5.common practice 常规，惯例 6.be suitable for 适合于 7.consist of 由……组成 8.be/get used to doing 习惯于 9.stand out 突出，显眼 10.link with 与……有关 11.participate in 参加 12.be likely to 可能 13.separate ...from 分开 14.combine ...with 把……与……结合 15.aim to 目的是 1．句型公式：It is likely to do/be ... 教材原句：It was likely to be the name of a company, part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated. 这些信息很可能是一家公司的名称，其中一部分可能包括产品的原产地。 佳句仿写：这些发展可能会使我们语音骚扰电话问题变得更糟。 These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. 2．句型公式：不定式作表语 教材原句：Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and that people find interesting. 他们的目标是创造一些以前从未见过的东西，从而让人们觉得有趣。 佳句仿写：我小时候最喜欢做的事情是去操场上滑滑梯和荡秋千。 When I was little, my favourite thing to do was to go to the playground to slide down slides and swing on swings. 3．句型公式：部分否定 教材原句：However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品和服务。 佳句仿写：但并不是所有的城市都会在很长一段时间内发展缓慢。 But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. [对应学生用书P127] [主旨大意] The text introduces the development of advertisements in the order of time, and it contains lots of time explanations and examples. [文章架构] Classic ads Give information about finding certain 1.products; to tell people what the company sells, where they are located and the name of the product; not be suitable when products and services are in direct competition with each other; not 2.attractive. 3.Modern ads Consist of pictures or words from experts； apply modern design techniques；to show people how 4.good the product is；to make ads visually attractive；not enough to be noticed. Improved modern ads Combine the highest standard of design with 5.creative ways；Use concepts including freedom, happiness, wealth and success； not 6.effective；It does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is. Further 7.improved modern ads Use humour as well as new and unusual ideas； to 8.surprise people Public ads Help to increase public knowledge and make our society a 9.better place for everyone；to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, 10.helping the poor, giving up smoking. [细节探究] 1.What's the purpose of an advertisement?( B ) A.To meet people's needs. B.To promote and sell goods. C.To attract people. D.To educate people. 2.Classic advertisement tended to help you A . A.to find where the product is produced B.hold the attention of the public C.show you how good the product is D.to advertise the product with its pictures 3.According to the passage, we can see that B . A.classic advertisements cost more than the modern ones B.modern advertisements are easier to attract the attention of the public C.classic advertisements tend to apply design technologies to attract the public D.classic advertisements are more competitive than the modern ones 4.Today's advertisers prefer to use humour in the advertisements because A . A.they want people to buy their products without feeling being persuaded B.they consider humour is a more successful approach to advertise their products C.they realise that their products are not good enough to make people buy them D.they want people to feel their products are unique 5.According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?( A ) A.All advertising aims to get profit from advertisements. B.Public advertisements aim to help people know something that is ignorant of before. C.Modern advertisers prefer to use various of methods to advertise their products. D.Advertisers tend to spend amounts of money applying modern design technologies to make their products attractive. [难句突破] 1.It was likely to be the name of a company, part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated. 分析：句中包含“It is likely to do/be...”结构，从句中有两个“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。 翻译：这些信息很可能是一家公司的名称，其中一部分可能包括产品的原产地。 2.They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is—most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，为“it does not matter+从句”结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面how引导的从句。破折号后面的宾语从句中动词不定式作表语。 翻译：他们意识到，与产品相关的概念有多么吸引人并不重要——大多数人都明白，广告的主要目的就是让客户购买产品。 3.Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and that people find interesting. 分析：本句中的两个that都引导定语从句，修饰先行词something。第一个that在从句中作主语，第二个that在从句中作宾语。 翻译：他们的目标是创造一些人们从未见过的东西，从而让人们觉得有趣。 4.However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 分析：not all意为“并不是所有”，属于部分否定结构。 翻译：然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品和服务。 5.These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge about topics that used to be ignored by most people, and this has made our society a better place for everyone. 分析：本句是and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词topics；第二个分句中使用了“make+宾语+宾补”结构。 翻译：这些广告帮助公众增强对以往被忽视话题的公共认知，也让我们的社会更加美好。 The advertising industry started with① the fundamental purpose of promoting and selling goods to people who might need them. Advertising agencies would create a basic type of advertisement known as② a commercial advertisement. Such advertisements have gone through a process of change over the years along with social, economic and technological developments. Classic advertisements used to③ give information about finding certain products. ❶It was likely to④ be the name of a company, part of⑤ which might include⑥ the name of the place from which the product originated. For example⑦, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machines”, or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”. From the name you would know what the company sells, where they are located, and the name of the product. Advertising agencies used to create this kind of advertising and it could be very effective⑧. ❷But then they realised that it might not be suitable for⑨ a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other. Particularly now, in modern times⑩, advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public. ❸For this reason, it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of⑪ pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is. Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking⑫ at. As present-day advertisers often have large budgets, huge amounts of money are spent on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible⑬. However, even this is often not enough to⑭ be noticed in a modern city. Because of⑮ the boost in advertising, people are used to seeing⑯ a high standard of visual design. Modern advertisements need something else⑰ to separate them from⑱ their competitors. To stand out⑲ in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with⑳ creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”. For example, some advertisements may suggest that buying a car can make you free. That is, they use the concept of freedom to sell the car. Other common ideas include happiness, wealth and success. In fact, in the world of advertisements, such content is as old as advertising itself. For many of today's advertisers, repeating old ideas is not a successful approach. Ideas that would work in the past genuinely are not as effective now. ❹They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is—most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product. Instead, these advertisers look for other ways to make people notice their products. The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important. ❺Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and that people find interesting. By doing this, they hope to make people forget that someone is trying to sell them something! ❻However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. Some advertisements nowadays aim to make a contribution to society and welfare. For example, there are public advertisements, which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood, protecting the environment, and helping other people. Over the last decade, the government has sponsored advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, helping the poor, giving up smoking, etc. ❼These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge about topics that used to be ignored by most people, and this has made our society a better place for everyone. [参考译文] 广告业的根本目的是向潜在消费者推销商品。广告代理公司创造出一种基本的广告形式，也就是我们所熟知的商业广告。与社会、经济和技术发展过程同步，多年来这些广告经历了一个变化的过程。 以前，经典的广告会给出识别产品的信息。这些信息很可能是一家公司的名称，其中一部分可能包含产品的原产地。比如，“上海缝纫机厂”或“青岛啤酒公司”。一看名字，你就知道这些公司销售的具体产品、所在地点以及产品名称。 广告代理公司过去常制作这种广告，而且效果很好。但后来他们意识到，这种广告类型可能不太适合一个产品与服务相互直接竞争的市场。特别是现在，在现代社会，广告需要吸引和保持公众的注意力。基于这个原因，现在的广告是由专家们的文字或图片组成，向人们展示产品有多好是很正常的。还有一些广告代理公司尝试制作具有观赏性的广告。现在的广告客户通常预算充足，他们会花大笔的钱采用现代设计技术，让广告更具视觉吸引力。但即便是这种广告方式在现代城市中也不足以引起消费者的注意。 因为广告业的迅速发展，人们早已对那些高水准的视觉设计习以为常。现代广告需要另外一些东西，以便将它们与其他竞争者区别开来。为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。例如，一些广告可能会暗示买车能让你自由。也就是说，广告代理公司借用自由的概念销售汽车。其他常见概念销售包括幸福、财富和成功。事实上，这些概念和广告业一样历史悠久。 对很多今天的广告商而言，重复过去的广告并不会获得成功。过去可行的想法放到现在并不一定有效。他们意识到，与产品相关的概念有多么吸引人并不重要——大多数人都明白，广告的主要目的就是让顾客购买产品。于是，广告商转而通过打广告，让更多的消费者注意到自己的产品。当今顶级广告商认为广告要用幽默、新颖、奇特的创意给人们带来惊喜。他们的目标是创造一些以前从未见过的东西，从而让人们觉得有趣，进而让消费者忘记有人在试图向他们推销商品！ 然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品和服务，现在还有一些广告的目的在于为社会和福利作贡献，比如公益广告，它鼓励市民参与改善社区、保护环境和帮助他人的活动。过去的十年里，政府赞助了一些公益广告，教育公众防治艾滋病，呼吁民众节约用水、帮助贫困人口、戒烟等。这些广告帮助公众增强对以往被忽视话题的公共认知，也让我们的社会更加美好。 [难词注解] ①start with 以……开始 ②be known as 作为……出名 ③used to 过去常常 ④be likely to 可能 ⑤part of ……的一部分 ⑥include v.包括 ⑦for example 例如 ⑧effective adj.有效的 ⑨be suitable for 适合 ⑩in modern times 在现代社会 ⑪consist of 由……组成 ⑫enjoy doing 享受做…… ⑬as ...as possible 尽可能地…… ⑭be enough to 足够…… ⑮because of 由于 ⑯be used to doing 习惯于做某事 ⑰something else 一些其他的东西 ⑱separate ...from 把……和……分开 ⑲stand out 突出 ⑳combine ...with 把……与……结合 use ...to ... 用……做…… approach n.方法 link with 联系 purpose of ... ……目的 look for 寻找 make Sb. notice 让某人注意 not all 并不是所有的 aim to 目的是 make a contribution to 为……作贡献 participate in 参加 over the last decade 在过去的十年里 give up 放弃 [难句分析] ❶本句是一个主从复合句。主句为“It is likely to do/be ...”结 构，从句为“代词+介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句，定语从句中又包含一个“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the place。 ❷本句是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，作动词realised的宾语，在该宾语从句中，where引导定语从句，修饰先行词marketplace。 ❸本句是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词advertisements，that在从句中作主语；how引导宾语从句，作动词show的直接宾语。 ❹本句是一个主从复合句。破折号前面是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，宾语从句为“it does not matter+从句”结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面how引导的从句。破折号后面也是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，宾语从句中动词不定式作表语。 ❺本句是一个主从复合句。两个that都引导定语从句，修饰先行词something。第一个that在从句中作主语，第二个that在从句中作宾语。 ❻本句是一个简单句。not all意为“并不是所有”，属于部分否定结构。 ❼本句为and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词topics。第二个分句中使用了“make+宾语+宾补”结构。 [对应学生用书P131] 1 Advertise vi.& vt. 为……做广告 Fewer people and companies chose to advertise in the newspaper. 很少有个人和公司选择在报纸上做广告。 ►情景探究 ①A good advertising campaign will increase our sales. 良好的广告宣传活动会增加我们的销售量。 ②If you want a worker to help you, put an advertisement in the newspapers. 如果你想要一个工人帮忙，就在报纸上登广告宣传。 ③The cruise was advertised as the “journey of a lifetime”. 这次航行被宣传为“终生难得的旅行”。 ►要点突破 ①advertise for Sb. to do sth. 登广告征聘某人做某事 advertise on TV/in a newspaper 在电视/报纸上登广告 advertise for 为征求……登广告 advertised for volunteers in a local newspaper 在一家地方报纸上刊登了招聘志愿者的广告 advertise a product/a business/services 做广告宣传产品/企业/服务项目 ②advertisement n.广告 put/place an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上发布广告 put up advertisements 张贴广告 ③advertising n.广告（业） ④advertiser n.广告商 The advertisers put some advertisements in the local paper to advertise their products. 广告公司在当地报纸上登了一些广告为他们的产品做广告。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①He sat there for two hours, considering how to design the advertisement（advertise). ②We are advertising for volunteers in a local newspaper. ③A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one advertised（advertise) as lost in the local paper. [完成句子] ④目前我们公开征聘一位新的销售经理。 We are currently advertising for a new sales manager. ⑤帕里什小姐最近在当地报纸上登出了一则启事。 Miss Parrish recently placed an advertisement in the local newspaper. 2 witness vt．亲身经历；目击 n.目击者；证人 Some sites are bringing the news directly from the people who are experiencing or witnessing it,on the spot of a car accident for example. 一些网站直接从正在经历或目睹它的人那里带来新闻，例如在车祸现场。 ►情景探究 ①The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 刚才被警察问询的证人对打架作出了不同的描述。 ②Many of these poems bear witness to his years spent in India and China. 这些诗中有很多见证了他在印度和中国度过的岁月。 ③The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us. 这间茶室见证了一段我们真正的快乐时光。 ①witness sth. 目击了某事 witness for 为……作证 ②be a witness to sth. 是……的目击证人；证明……真实 bear/gave witness to 为……作证；证明 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Witnesses to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster. ②In the next three or four days, eleven witnesses（witness) will be called to testify. [完成句子] ③我们将见证我们学校的辉煌，我们一起成长。 We will witness the glory of our school, and we are growing together. ④坐落在山顶的建筑经历了这个地区的许多变化。 Standing on the top of the mountain，the building has witnessed many changes in this area. 3 suitable adj.合适的，适宜的 But then they realised that it might not be suitable for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other. 但后来他们意识到，这种广告类型可能不太适合一个产品与服务相互直接竞争的市场。 ►情景探究 ①The newly-built stadium is very large, where various sports events is suitable to take place. 新建的体育馆很大，在体育馆中适合参加各种体育项目。 ②There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. 也有适合当地特定条件的品种。 ►要点突破 ①be suitable for Sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 ②suit vt.适合；使适宜 suit Sb. 满足某人 suit one's needs 满足某人的需求 suit ...to ... 使……适合于…… suit/fit/match suit 指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位等，也指衣服的款式、颜色等适合 fit 指大小、形状合适，衣服合身 match 强调两者搭配协调 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable（suit). ②I don't have anything that is suitable to wear（wear) for the party. ③It's difficult to find a time that suits everyone. [一句多译] ④他不适合这份工作，两周后就离职了。 →The job wasn't suitable for him and he left after two weeks.（suitable） →The job didn't suit him and he left after two weeks.(suit) ［完成句子］ ⑤这件裙子大小正好，但不适合我穿。 The dress fits,but it doesn't suit me. 4 attract vt.吸引 Particularly now, in modern times, advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public. 特别是现在，在现代社会，广告需要吸引和保持公众的注意力。 ►情景探究 ①What attracted the early settlers to New York City? 是什么吸引了早期移民来到纽约市? ②Recently, the TV program has attracted much attention. 近来，这档电视节目吸引了很多人的注意力。 ③It is not unusual for teenagers to be attracted to computer games and the online world. 对于青少年来说喜爱电脑游戏和网络世界是很普通的事情。 ④As the longest river in Asia, the Yangtze River has so many tourist attractions. 作为亚洲最长的河流，长江有众多的旅游景点。 ►要点突破 ①attract Sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事 be attracted to ... 被吸引到/喜爱…… attract one's attention/eyes 吸引某人的注意力/目光 be attracted by 被吸引 ②attraction n.\[U\]吸引力；诱惑力 \[C\]有吸引力的人或事物 tourist attraction 旅游景点 have attraction for 对……有吸引力 ③attractive adj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的 be attractive to 对……有吸引力 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Chengdu has Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attractions（attract). ②We are wondering why babies are attracted to bright colours more easily. ③You may find that your child is attracted（attract) by the excellent story. ④I thought he was very attractive（attract) and obviously very intelligent. [完成句子] ⑤白金汉宫是重要的旅游胜地。 Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction. ⑥她首先吸引我的是她的幽默感。 What first attracted me to her was her sense of humour. 5 competitive adj.竞争性强的，有竞争力的 To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”. 为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。 ►情景探究 ①It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 宽恕和遗忘也是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力重重的社会。 ②It's more difficult for small companies to compete in competitive markets. 对小公司来说，在竞争激烈的市场上竞争更加困难。 ③Life is like a long race where we often need to compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves. 生活就像一场漫长的比赛，我们需要经常与他人竞争以超越自己。 ④She was in competition with ten others for the job. 她同其他十个人竞争这个工作。 ►要点突破 ①compete vi.比赛，竞争 compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for sth. 为了……而竞争 compete with/against Sb. 和某人比赛 ②competition n.比赛；竞争 in competition with 与……竞争 enter a competition 参加比赛 fair competition 公平竞争 ③competitor n.竞争者；对手 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①To her joy, her son was selected to compete in the 32nd Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020. ② Competition（compete) between small and big farms is fierce. ③Living in a highly competitive（compete) society, you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills. [完成句子] ④在当今竞争激烈的市场上，一个好的销售员应该有进取精神。 A good salesperson has to be aggressive in today's competitive market. ⑤我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在世界青少年机器人技能竞赛中竞争。 We can compete with students from other schools in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition. ⑥它们为了当主办城市互相竞争。 They were in competition with each other for the host city. ⑦作为一名长距离游泳运动员，她愿意与自己作斗争，与由距离、危险、寒冷和疲倦造成的障碍作斗争。 As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion. 6 combine vi.& vt.（使）结合,（使）组合 To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”. 为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。 ►情景探究 ①As a writer, he combines wit with passion. 作为一名作家，他集才智与激情于一身。 ②The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 这家公司正与几个海外伙伴合作开发一种新产品。 ►要点突破 ①combine ...with/and ... 把……与……结合起来 be combined with 与……相结合 combine against ... 联合起来对付…… combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事 ②combination n.结合；联合；组合 in combination(with) (与……)联合/结合 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The study of traditions should be combined with practice. ②Several factors had combined to ruin(ruin) our plans. ③The combination(combine) of hot weather and decreased water supplies is hurting many industries. [完成句子] ④技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。 Technological innovations, combined with good marketing,will promote the sales of these products. ⑤熟练的工人还把不同种类的硬木和金属结合在一起制造特别的图案。 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create special designs. 7 link vt．把……联系起来 n.联系，关联 They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is—most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product. 他们意识到，与产品相关的概念有多么吸引人并不重要——大多数人都明白，广告的主要目的就是让顾客购买产品。 ►情景探究 ①A website links people through books. 一家网站利用图书把人们联系到了一起。 ②The two spacecrapt will link up in orbit. 两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。 ③There is a direct link between the disease and diet. 这种疾病和饮食之间有直接的联系。 ►要点突破 ①link A with/to B/link A and B (together) 把A和B连接起来 be linked to 连接；与……有关系 link up （with Sb./sth.） (与……)连接，结合 ②establish links with ... 与……建立/关系/联系 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 “把A 与B 连接/联系起来”的其他表达： ①join A to B ②connect A with/to B ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①As we all know,the Old Silk Road linked China to the Middle East and Europe. ②Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of water. ③The country is linked（link) with the city by a new bridge. [完成句子] ④研究人员发现，外出就餐的增多和体重问题的增加有直接联系。 Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems. ⑤社会风俗在几代人之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。 Social customs provide a vital link between generations. 8 profit n.利润，收益，盈利 However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品和服务。 ►情景探究 ①The profit of reading a book is beyond imagination. 读书带来的好处无法想象。 ②They use that money to put into the money markets at a profit. 他们把那笔钱投入金融市场以获利。 ③He made a profit of fifty thousand dollars on his house. 他通过卖掉房子获利五万美元。 ④You could profit from listening to a wise man. 智者一席话,使人受益大。 ►要点突破 ①at a profit 获利 make/turn/earn a profit on sth. 从……赚取利润 nonprofit organisation 非营利组织 ②profit vi.& vt.获益;得到好处 profit from 从……获利；得益于…… ③profitable adj.有利润的；赢利的;有益的 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The company made a healthy profit on the deal. ②We should be able to sell the house at a profit. ③It is usually more profitable（profit) to sell direct to the public. [完成句子] ④虽然她很早就创立了自己的公司，但她主要不是受利润驱动的。 Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. ⑤认为艺术团体不能盈利是错误的。 It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit/profits. 9 consist of由……组成 For this reason, it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is. 基于这个原因，现在的广告是由专家们的文字或图片组成，向人们展示产品有多好是很正常。 ►情景探究 ①The true wealth does not consist in what we have, but in what we are. 真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们的人格。 ②The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research. 这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。 ►要点突破 ①consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 ②consistent adj.一致的;始终如一的 be consistent with 与……一致/相符 ③consist of=be made up of=be composed of 由……组成，由……构成 consist of不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，但可用consisting作非谓语动词；表示被动意义时常用made up和composed。 Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist with reality. 生活主要由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤则在于奋斗。记住，你的理想生活并不总是与现实相符。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ① We must be consistent（consist） in applying the rules. ②Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch，consisting of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert. ③True education does not consist in simply being taught facts. [完成句子] ④摇滚乐由许多不同的风格组成。 Rock music consists of many different styles. [一句多译] ⑤这支医疗队由11名成员组成。 →The medical team consists of 11 members. →The medical team is made up of/is composed of 11 members. 10 stand out明显；显眼；突出；杰出 To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”. 为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。 ►情景探究 ①Poems by Du Fu，Li Bai and Wang Wei among others stand out in the halls of glory. 杜甫、李白以及王维的诗在辉煌的艺术殿堂里特别引人注目。 ②The troops are standing by. 部队随时待命出动。 ③—The book is written by T.C.Smith. —What does the “T.C.” stand for? ——这部书是T.C.Smith写的。 ——T.C.是哪两个词的缩写？ ►要点突破 ①stand for 代表；支持；容忍 ②stand by 支持；袖手旁观；做好准备 ③stand up for 支持；维护 ④stand still 站着不动；静止不动 ⑤stand aside 站到一边；让开 ⑥stand down 离职；退职；下台 ⑦can't stand 无法忍受；难以容忍 ⑧stand over 监督；监视 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent，two ideas stand out. ②How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn't do? ③I hated the organization and all it stood for. ④I don't like you standing over me while I'm cooking. [完成句子] ⑤正如人们所期望的那样，他的写作大部分是清晰的，公平地说，有些章节比其他章节突出。 As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. 1 It is likely to do/be ... It was likely to be the name of a company, part of which might include the name of the place,from which the product originated. 这些信息很可能是一家公司的名称，其中一部分可能包括产品的原产地。 ►情景探究 Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job? 为什么工程学的毕业生更有可能接受一份工作？ ►要点突破 ①be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事 ②It's likely that ... 很可能…… ③It's more likely that ... 更可能…… ④Not likely! 绝对不可能！才不呢！（表示坚决不同意） It is likely/possible/probable that ...（√） It is possible （for Sb.） to do sth.（√） Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.（√） Sb./Sth. is possible/probable to do sth.（×） likely的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语it；而possible，probable通常只能用it作形式主语。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely to bring（bring） your work home. [完成句子] ②更有可能的是，我们没有人开始交谈，因为这很尴尬，也具有挑战性，或者我们认为这很烦人，没有必要。 It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. ③家庭作坊式的汽车制造商不太可能打败最大的汽车公司。 Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. ④纽约地铁上的乘客更有可能帮助那些看上去病了而不是喝醉了摔倒在地上的人。 Passengers on a New York subway are more likely to help a man who falls to the ground if he appears to be sick rather than drunk. 2 不定式作表语 Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and that people find interesting. 他们的目标是创造一些以前从未见过的东西，从而让人们觉得有趣。 ►情景探究 ①The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. 他做的第一件事就是找个躲避寒冷风雪的地方。 ②All we have to do is select the photos of healthy food. 我们所要做的就是选择健康食品的照片。 ►要点突破 不定式作表语/动名词作表语 ①不定式作表语表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。 ②动名词作表语表示经常性、一般性的行为。 不定式作表语，前有do后无to,主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The easiest way to accomplish this is to make（make) sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. ②My aim is to let（let) China go to the world and let the world understand China. [完成句子] ③我们的工作是结束流浪狗的苦难。 Our work is ending up the sufferings of the homeless dogs. ④你现在唯一要做的事就是道歉。 The only thing for you to do now is （to） apologize（apologize）. 3 部分否定 However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品和服务。 ►情景探究 ①Not everyone goes to college. 并非每个人都能上大学。 ②All of the books are not English books. 这些书不都是英语书。 ③Both of us are not teachers. 我们俩不都是老师。 ►要点突破 总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性单词有all,both,each,every,everyone,everything,everywhere,always,altogether等。 ►学以致用 [完成句子] ①并不是每个人都能做到这一点——这需要多年的经验，但打印机使它变得容易。 Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. ②但我的生活并不总是那么美好。 But my life was not always so great. ③并非所有的历史建筑都很吸引人。 Not all historical buildings are attractive. [一句多译] ④并不是所有的鸟都会飞。 →Not all birds can fly. →All birds can't fly. [对应学生用书P140] 1.The manned space agency（代理处） said that more lectures would be held based on the country's manned spaceflights and would also be presented by some professional Chinese astronauts. 2.Muju Opera originated（起源） in the late Qing Dynasty(16441911) in Muzhou city, the area made up of Chun'an County in Hangzhou, Changshan County and Kaihua County in Quzhou, Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province, and Shexian County in Anhui Province. 3.They decide the school rules， how to spend the school budget（预算）， and even which staff they want and do not want any more. 4.This is the first time that such a link has been proved between visual（视觉的) white noise and cognitive abilities such as memory and reading. 5.This lady was genuinely（真正地） surprised at what happened to her pet. 6.The public want the government to take action to boost（促进) the economy. 7.The special visit established a link（联系) between the two countries. 8.She has been working hard for the welfare（福利) of the poor in her life. 9.The boy wandered the neighbourhood（社区), looking for his dog. 10.Could you sponsor（赞助) me for my school's campaign for Help the Aged? 1.The fundamentals（fundamental）of biking are balance, coasting, pedaling, and steering. 2.You'll be in one of the world's most remote locations（locate）, but still have access to hot showers and well-prepared meals. 3.Advertisers（advertise） needn't know the market very well. 4.For one thing, cultural heritage, which is the witness to the historical development, is an important basis for historical research. 5.Drug manufacturing is the most profitable（profit) business in the U.S. 6.I don't have anything suitable（suit) to wear for the party. 7.A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive（attract) to young people. 8.We should speed up the process of transforming science and technology（technological) knowledge into productivity. 9.Technology and good management. That's a winning combination（combine). 10.His back injury prevented active participation（participate) in any sports for a while. 1.他的心与群众的心息息相通。 His heart is linked with the hearts of the masses. 2.据说第二小组是由12个人组成的。 The second group is believed to consist of these twelve men. 3.将球员借给下级球队是俱乐部的惯例。 It is common practice for clubs to loan out players to sides in the lower divisions. 4.别担心，你很快就会习惯他的幽默感。 Don't worry—you'll soon get used to his sense of humour. 5.该房子位于市区最漂亮的广场之一。 The house is located in one of the city's prettiest squares. 6.中国有很多旅游景点，每年吸引数百万游客。 China has a lot of tourist attractions, which attract millions of visitors every year. 7.你做什么对我来说我无所谓。 It doesn't matter to me what you do. 8.教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。 The purpose of education is to develop fine personalities in children. 9.我积极参加当时我所知道的任何体育活动。 I actively participated in any sport activities I knew at that time. 10.并非所有正常存在于活的有机体中的化学物质都是无害的。 Not all chemicals normally present in living organisms are harmless. The advertising industry that started with the purpose of promoting and selling goods to people needing them has gone through changes because of the developments of society,economy and technology. Classic ads used to give information about finding certain products,the location of the company and the name of the product. Though they were effective, they mightn't be 1.suitable（suit) for products and services that are in direct competition with each other.So modern ads consist of pictures or words from experts, 2.which prove how good the product is in order to hold people's attention.Moreover,some ads apply modern design techniques to make the ads 3.visually（visual) attractive. As the development of advertising,modern ads combine the 4.highest（high) standard of design with creative ways by using the 5.concepts（concept) such as freedom,happiness,wealth and success with the purpose of making them stand out in 6.a world of competition. As for today's advertisers,repeating old ideas isn't as effective as what they used to be.The top advertisers make people notice their products by using humour as well as new and unusual ideas, 7.aiming（aim) to create something that has never been seen before. However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. Actually some ads contribute to society and welfare.Public ads encourage citizens 8.to participate（participate) in improving their neighbourhood, protecting the environment, and helping other people. Having sponsored ads to educate the public 9.on fighting AIDS,saving water,helping the poor,giving up smoking,etc., the government tries to increase public knowledge about topics that used to be 10.ignored（ignore) by most people. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$