Unit 6 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1 [对应学生用书P104] [默写单词] 1.microblogging n.用微博分享、传播信息 2.hence adv.因此，由此，所以 3.campaign n.（政治、商业或社会性）运动 vi.发起运动；参加活动 4.debate n.& vi.& vt.讨论，辩论 5.available adj.可获得的，可用的；有空的 6.acknowledge vt.承认 7.dismiss vt.否定 8.outline vt.概述 n.纲要；外形 9.complicated adj.难懂的；复杂的 10.purchase vt.购买 n.购买（物） 11.alternative adj.可替代的；另外的 n.可供选择的事物 12.pessimistic adj.悲观的 13.appropriate adj.恰当的；合适的 14.proof n.证明 15.liberty n.自由；自由权 16.visualise vt.设想，想象 17.definite adj.清楚的，明确的 18.generate vt.产生，创造 19.category n.类别，种类，范畴 [拓展单词] 1.economic adj.经济（上）的→economics n.经济学→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n.经济；节约 2.political adj.政治的；政府的→politics n.政治→politician n.政治家 3.diverse adj.各种各样的；不同的→diversity n.多种多样；多样性 4.election n.选举→elect vt.选举 5.coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.报道;遮盖 6.interpret vt.解释 vi.& vt.口译→interpreter n.口译工作者;口译译员 7.expectation n.期待，预期，预料→expect v.预料；期待；期望→expected adj.预料的;预期的→unexpected adj.出乎意料的;始料不及的→unexpectedly adv.意外地;出乎意料地;无意 8.precisely adv.确实如此；精确地→precise adj.准确的;精确的 9.consult vt.查阅 vi.&vt.咨询；商议→consultation n.就诊；咨询→consultant n.顾问 10.mixture n.混合→mix vt.(使)混合;调配 n.混合；结合→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的 11.novel n.（长篇）小说→novelist n.小说家 12.adaptation n.改编版；适应→adapt v.(使)适应；改编→adaptable adj.有适应能力的;能适应的→adaptive adj.适应的；有适应能力的；适合的 13.critic n.评论家，批评家→critical adj.批判的→criticize vt.批评→criticism n.批评 14.rating n.(电影、电视的）收视率排行榜；等级，程度→rate n.速度;比率vt.评估;划分等级 15.classic adj.经典的n.名著；经典作品→classical adj.古典的；经典的；传统的→classically adv.拟古地；古典主义地 1.to be honest 老实说 2.catch up on 赶上；补上;事后得到关于……的消息 3.on the other hand 另一方面 4.figure out 想出;理解;弄清 5.spring to mind 马上想到 6.be close to 靠近；接近 7.leave out 遗漏；省略；忽略 8.fall down 倒塌，跌倒;失败 9.have an impact on 对……有影响 10.be appropriate for 适合于 11.be unsatisfied with 对……不满意 12.be involved in 参加；加入；涉及 13.adapt to 适应 1．句型公式：动名词（短语）作主语 教材原句：Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it’s normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但是当人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影时，他们对电影抱有很高的期待也是正常的。 佳句仿写：对很多人来说,找到一个无人的装满了400英镑现金的钱包是诱惑的来源。 For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source of temptation（诱惑）. 2．句型公式：it作形式主语 教材原句：Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但是当人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影时，他们对电影抱有很高的期待也是正常的。 佳句仿写：在学习外语时，适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。 It's important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 3．句型公式：强调句式 教材原句：One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations. 人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。 佳句仿写：重要的是我们对花园的体验。 It’s our experience of the garden that matters. [对应学生用书P106] [主旨大意] In this text, the author expresses his disappointment in many adaptation-based films, and analyzes the reasons for the failure of adaptation-based films one by one from four angles：the degree of fidelity to the original works, the selection of actors, the application of computer science and technology, and the author’s attitude towards adaptation-based films. [文章架构] From Page to Screen The causes for adaptations’ 1.imagination Firstly, to meet time requirement, the adapted film is always found not close to the 2.failure story. Besides, the selected cast may not satisfy readers as they have own 3.original about the characters. And some books are really unfilmable for 4.technology limit. As for the adaptor, the book author, being too close to the material, should not be taken into favorable 5.consideration Some highly 6.successful films made from popular books Jaws, Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings all 7.fit this category. The best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series, the majority of which has been 8.adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming. Perhaps unusually, audiences seem to accept that the actors who have played James Bond have 9.changed so often, although everyone seems to have their 10.favourite. [细节探究] 1.Which of the following statements is WRONG?( A ) A.Highly regarded books can always be well adapted for a film. B.People always have high expectations of film adapted from a favorite book. C.Some good films may be made from average books. D.We sometimes feel disappointed with a film adapted from our favorite book. 2.Why do some adaptations get lower ratings?( B ) A.They were too close to the original material. B.The screenwriters made too many changes about the original plots. C.The screenwriters are eager to please the producers. D.The endings couldn't satisfy the test audiences. 3.What's the key to the success of a film?( A ) A.Appropriate actors. B.A good source material. C.An excellent screenwriter. D.The technical methods. 4.Which film is made successfully through CGI technology?( B ) A.Godfather. B.The Life of Pi. C.Harry Potter. D.The Lord of the Rings. [难句突破] 1.Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 分析：本句是一个并列复合句。but连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句为现在分词短语“Reading a book and watching a film”作主语；第二个分句为主从复合句，其中主句中的it为形式主语，其后的动词不定式短语to have high expectations 是真正的主语，when 引导时间状语从句。 翻译：读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但是当人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影时，他们对电影抱有很高的期待也是正常的。 2.Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Since引导原因状语从句，主句中 to decide为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词question，第一个what引导宾语从句。 翻译：电影通常只有两小时左右，在有限的时间里，编剧要决定书中哪部分适合银幕，哪部分不适合。对此编剧有一定的创作自由度，有时为了迎合制片人、导演、观众，会改动部分情节，甚至演绎不同结局。 3.One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。think引导宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。宾语从句中是用了强调句型“it is ...who ...”，强调主语the book writer。 翻译：人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。 4.This can actually be a disadvantage because they may be too close to the material and find it difficult to adapt to a new form. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句,and连接两个并列分句，后一个分句中，it作形式宾语，to adapt to ...为不定式作宾语。 翻译：但这其实有局限性，因为作者本人可能过于忠于书中内容，很难将其改编成一种新的形式。有时作者本人并不是电影编剧，于是出现了作者对自己作品所拍摄的电影版本非常不满意的情况。 From Page to Screen by James Hope(Arts journalist) ❶Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to①have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. ❷There are② many times I have been pessimistic about or even disappointed by a film of a book I love. ❸Although highly regarded③ books do not always make good films, it is safe to say that great films may be made from④ not particularly good books. （The Godfather immediately springs to mind.) The source material for a film may be taken from classic novels, short stories, comic books and stage plays, as well as⑤ non-fiction such as⑥ biographies and autobiographies, even those written by ghost writers. All can work well, but why do many adaptations and indeed⑦ remakes fail both cinema audiences and critics? And why do some adaptations get lower⑧ ratings than others? A key question is obviously how close to⑨ the original the film is. ❹Since a typical film is only around⑩ two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for⑪ the screen and what to leave out⑫. Screenwriters take creative liberty and sometimes there may be changes to the plot, additions, and even different endings to please producers, directors and test audiences⑬. I, like many people, have often left the cinema feeling “the film is not like⑭ the book”. Another problem area is the cast. Finding actors acceptable to⑮ film audiences can mean the difference between success and⑯ failure. Readers of the book use their imaginations to visualise characters and have very definite ideas about how characters should look and sound. ❺This is where I think many film adaptations fall down⑰. Some books are just too difficult to⑱ be adapted for⑲ technical reasons, although films like The Life of Pi are changing this idea. CGI(Computer Generated Image) technology has had a huge impact on⑳ the film industry. It allowed the previously unfilmable to become a reality. ❻One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations. In fact, sometimes authors are very involved in the process and may even be the screenwriter. ❼This can actually be a disadvantage because they may be too close to the material and find it difficult to adapt to a new form. At other times they are not, and there are instances where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work; Stephen King is an example of this. Even more extreme was novelist J. D.Salinger, who made sure no film versions of his popular novel A Catcher in the Rye could ever be made. In this situation, it is clear that viewers will not be disappointed! For me, anyway, it is always a bad idea to watch a film of a book you love. Despite the challenges, there have been some highly successful films made from popular books. For me, Jaws, Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings all fit this category. ❽And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series, the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming. ❾Perhaps unusually, audiences seem to accept that the actors who have played James Bond have changed so often, although everyone seems to have their favourite. I know I do. [参考译文] 《从页面到屏幕》 詹姆斯·霍普（艺术记者） 读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但是当人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影时，他们对电影抱有很高的期待也是正常的。不止一次，我喜欢的书籍拍成电影，我都不看好，甚至很失望。尽管高质量的书籍并不总是能拍出好看的电影，优秀的电影也可能来自不是那么好的书籍，说的倒是没错。(这让我马上想到《教父》。) 一部电影可以取材于经典小说、短篇小说、漫画书和舞台剧，也可以取自传记、自传等非小说作品，甚至是代笔人写的作品。这些素材都可以拍出很棒的作品，但为什么许多改编的电影没能受到电影观众和评论家的好评呢？为什么有些改编作品的评分比其他作品低呢？ 显而易见，一个关键的问题在于这部电影与原作接近程度如何。电影通常只有两小时左右，在有限的时间里，编剧要决定书中哪部分适合银幕，哪部分不适合。对此编剧有一定的创作自由度，有时为了迎合制片人、导演、观众，会改动部分情节，甚至演绎不同结局。和很多人一样，我也经常在看完电影后感叹“这部电影和原作不一样”。 另一个问题是演员阵容。找到电影观众所接受的演员，有时决定着电影的成败。读者会通过自己的想象，将书中的人物形象化，角色的外貌、声音他们都有明确的想法。我认为选择的演员不符合他们的想象，成为很多电影改编失败的原因。 一些书由于技术原因很难拍成电影，虽然《少年派的奇幻漂流》等电影的出现正在改变这一问题。电脑生成动画技术对电影产业有重大影响，让以前无法拍摄的内容成为现实。 人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。事实上，有时作者的确会参与改编，甚至可能担任电影编剧。但这其实有局限性，因为作者本人可能过于忠于书中内容，很难将其改编成一种新的形式。有时作者本人并不是电影编剧，于是出现了作者对自己作品所拍摄的电影版本非常不满意的情况。史蒂芬·金就是这样。小说家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格更为极端，他永远不准自己广受欢迎的小说《麦田里的守望者》被拍成电影版本。如果是这样，读者就永远不会失望！不管怎样，我认为去看自己钟爱的书籍翻拍成的电影不会是一个好主意。 尽管挑战重重，还是有一些改编自畅销书的电影取得了极大成功，例如《大白鲨》《哈利·波特》和《指环王》都是成功的案例。可能最好的例子是詹姆斯·邦德系列，该系列的大部分作品都改编自伊恩·弗莱明的《007》系列小说。系列影片中詹姆斯·邦德的扮演者经常换人，但观众们似乎也能接受，这让人难以相信。但我相信每位观众和我一样，都有自己最喜欢的那个扮演者。 [词汇注解] ①be normal to 对……正常 ②there be 有…… ③regard v.将……认为；把……视为；看待 ④be made from 由……制成 ⑤as well as 既……又……;也，又；和 ⑥such as 例如 ⑦indeed adv.真正地 ⑧get lower 变低 ⑨be close to 靠近；接近 ⑩around adv.大约 ⑪be appropriate for 适合于 ⑫leave out 遗漏；省略；忽略 ⑬audience n.观众 ⑭be like 像…… ⑮be acceptable to 使……可接受 ⑯between ...and ... 在……之间 ⑰fall down 倒塌，跌倒; 失败 ⑱too ...to ... 太……而不能 ⑲be adapted for 适合…… ⑳have a huge impact on 对……有巨大影响 allow ...to ... 允许……做…… be involved in 陷入；卷入 disadvantage n.不利条件 adapt to 适应 be unsatisfied with 对……不满意 an example of ……的例子 make sure 确保 in this situation 在这种情况下 it is clear that ... ……是清晰的 highly adv.极其，非常；高度地 the majority of ……的大多数 be adapted from 由……改编 seem to 似乎，好像 [难句分析] ❶本句是一个并列复合句。but连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句为现在分词短语“Reading a book and watching a film”作主语；第二个分句为主从复合句，其中主句中的it为形式主语，其后的动词不定式短语to have high expectations 是真正的主语，when 引导时间状语从句。 ❷本句是一个主从复合句。I have been ...为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词times，主句为there be 句式。 ❸本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导方式状语从句，主句中it作形式主语，“to say ...”不定式作真正的主语，其中that引导宾语从句。 ❹本句是一个主从复合句。Since引导原因状语从句，主句中 to decide为不定式作后置定语，修饰名词question，第一个what引导宾语从句。 ❺本句是一个主从复合句。where引导表语从句。 ❻本句是一个主从复合句。think引导宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。宾语从句中用了强调句型“it is ...who ...”，强调主语the book writer。 ❼本句是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句,该从句中，and连接两个并列分句，后一个分句中，it作形式宾语，to adapt to ...为不定式作宾语。 ❽本句是一个主从复合句。the majority of which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the James Bond series。 ❾本句是一个主从复合句。accept后为宾语从句，其中who 引导定语从句修饰先行词the actors；although 引导让步状语从句。 [对应学生用书P110] 1 debate n.& vi.& vt.讨论，辩论 news coverage of political debates 政治辩论的新闻报道 ►情景探究 ①The issue is under debate. 这个问题正在讨论中。 ②There was no doubt that it was a quarrel rather than a debate. 毫无疑问那是一场争吵，而不是一场辩论。 ③Students are debating with their partners about the new chemistry material. 学生们正在就新的化学物质展开讨论。 ►要点突破 ①debate (with Sb.) about/on/over sth.(与某人)辩论/讨论某事 ②have a debate(with Sb.) about/on/over sth.(与某人)辩论/讨论某事 under debate 在讨论中；在辩论中 beyond debate 无可争议 （1）辨析debate 与 argue ①debate 侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。 ②argue 侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。常用结构：argue Sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事。 （2）“争论”相关词一览 ①debate n.& vi.& vt.辩论；争论 ②argue vi.争论 ③discuss vt.讨论 ④quarrel vi.& n.争吵，吵架 ⑤dispute vi.& n.争论，争端 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①We had a heated debate with them on/about whether the cultural relic was worth rebuilding. ②We are having a debate about this topic.Here are some letters from our readers. [完成句子] ③由于国会将讨论一项新的农业法案，消费者必须站在年轻农民的立场上。 With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. ④人们对儿童保育问题议论纷纷。 There had been much debate on the issue of childcare. ⑤委员会将讨论是否将参加俱乐部的年龄限制放宽到16岁。 The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16. 2 available adj.可获得的，可用的；有空的 there is so much diverse information available 有很多不同的信息可供选择 ►情景探究 ①Many lessons are now available online,from which students can choose for free. 现在网上有很多课程,学生们可以从中免费选择使用。 ②There is a large collection of texts available for consultation onscreen. 有大量的文本可通过屏幕查阅。 ③Such information will be readily available to us. 此类信息我们可以轻松获得。 ►要点突破 ①be available to Sb.对某人来说是可使用的/可获得的 ②be available to do sth.可供使用做某事 ③be available for可用于 ④available facilities可利用设备 ⑤easily available容易获得的 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent（rent) at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ②There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game. [完成句子] ③通过使用计算机,更多的信息变得容易获得。 More information becomes available through the use of computers. ④我们生活在一个比以往更容易获得更多信息的时代。 We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 3 interpret vi.& vt.解释 vi.＆ vt.口译 interpret if the information can be trusted 如果信息是可信的，就进行解读 ►情景探究 ①The students were asked to interpret the poem. 学生们被要求诠释那首诗的意义。 ②She couldn't speak much English so her children had to interpret for her. 她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。 ③My parents are interpreters and they can speak English fluently. 我的父母是口译员，他们英语说得很流利。 ►要点突破 ①interpret sth. as ... 把某事理解为…… interpret the meaning of 解释……的含义 interpret for 为……做翻译 ②interpreter n.口译员 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Not having found a better way，we had to rely on him to be the interpreter（interpret）. ②They spoke good Russian and promised to interpret for me. ③I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal. [完成句子] ④这份资料可以从多方面解读。 The data can be interpreted in many different ways. ⑤他们已经决定要来的事实可被解释为一个积极的信号。 The fact that they had decided to come was interpreted as a positive sign. ⑥总统通过译员说会谈进展良好。 Speaking through an interpreter, the President said that the talks were going well. 4 acknowledge vt. 承认 figuring out what to acknowledge and what to dismiss 弄清楚承认什么和否定什么 ►情景探究 ①It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. 人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。 ②He is also acknowledged as an excellent scientist. 他也被公认为是一名出色的科学家。 ③With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing the lady's money. 由于没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱。 ►要点突破 ①acknowledge ...to be/as ... 承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事 It is (generally/widely) acknowledged that ...人们(普遍)认为…… ②acknowledgement n.承认；感谢 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①He is widely acknowledged to be（be） the best player in the world. ②I did not acknowledge having（have） done anything wrong. ③This is an acknowledgement（acknowledge) of your good virtues and capabilities. [完成句子] ④最后，一个举世公认的事实是，一个有头脑的单身女性应该享有与男性平等的机会，无论她可能因性别歧视而处于多么不利的地位。 It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism. ⑤她拒不承认改革的必要性。 She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform. 5 mixture n.混合 Well, that’s difficult to say—it’s a mixture of both. 嗯，这很难说——这两者都有。 ►情景探究 ①This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements. 由于融合了现代和中国传统元素，这一创作吸引了很多关注。 ②It’s much better if you can sometimes mix business with pleasure. 如果有时你能把工作和娱乐结合起来就更好了。 ③They look so alike that is easy to mix them up. 他们长得很像，很容易混淆。 ►要点突破 ①a mixture of ... ……的混合物 a complex mixture 复杂的混合物 add sth. to the mixture 向混合物中加入…… ②mix vt.(使）混合；（使）掺和 mix with 与……混合/融合 mix A with/and B 把A 和B 混合/融合 mix up 弄混，混淆；混合；使糊涂 mix sth. for Sb./mix Sb. sth. 为某人调制某物 mix with foreigners 与外国人交往 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The little boy mixed vinegar with sugar, and the mixture tasted not so bad.(mix) ②Dashan, who has been learning crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. [完成句子] ③植物通过空气输送的是一种叫作挥发性有机化合物的化学混合物，简称VOC。 What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOC for short. ④蜡是一种复杂的混合物，但聚乙烯中的基本键，碳—碳键也存在。 Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carboncarbon bond, is there as well. 6 consult vt.查阅 vi.& vt.咨询；商议 I consult the Internet to research things for school,to better understand complicated issues by finding alternative opinions on the subject and even to do fun things like watching Ping-Pong tournaments. 我上网是为了研究学校需要的东西，通过寻找不同的观点来更好地理解复杂的问题，甚至是做一些有趣的事情，比如看乒乓球比赛。 ►情景探究 ①In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. 她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询教练或有经验的选手来学习正确的方法。 ②Have you consulted your lawyer about this? 你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？ ③I need to consult with my colleagues on the questions. 我需要和我的同事商讨这些问题。 ►要点突破 ①consult Sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事 consult with Sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人商量 ②consultation n.就诊；咨询 ③consultant n.顾问 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①I expect to be consulted about major issues. ②He needed to consult with an attorney. [完成句子] ③你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。 You shouldn't have done it without consulting me. ④在同她的女儿兼经纪人商量之后，她决定按她的要求接受那个角色。 After consulting with her daughter and manager, she decided to take on the part, on her terms. 7 alternative adj.可替代的；另外的 n.可供选择的事物 I consult the Internet to research things for school,to better understand complicated issues by finding alternative opinions on the subject and even to do fun things like watching Ping-Pong tournaments. 我上网是为了研究学校需要的东西，通过寻找不同的观点来更好地理解复杂的问题，甚至是做一些有趣的事情，比如看乒乓球比赛。 ►情景探究 ①In addition to planting alternative crops, many farmers turned to dairy and beef production. 除了种植替代作物，许多农民转向生产乳制品和牛肉。 ②Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 ③There are several alternatives to your plan. 除了你的计划外,还有另外几种可供选择的方案。 ►要点突破 ①alternative energy 替代能源 alternative ways/methods 可供选择的方法 an alternative to ... ……的替代品(to是介词) have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择 ②alternatively adv. 二者择一地；作为一种选择 “别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达： ①can't do sth. but do sth. ②can do nothing but do sth. ③have no choice but to do sth. ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives（alternative）. ②I had no alternative but to report（report) him to the police. ③Hotels are generally of a good standard and not too expensive. Alternatively（alternative） you could stay in an apartment. [完成句子] ④恐龙的消失不一定是天文现象造成的。但是其他的解释很难找到。 The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find. ⑤我们别无他法，只有辞退吉布森。 We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. 8 Expectation n.期待，预期，预料 Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但是当人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影时，他们对电影抱有很高的期待也是正常的。 ►情景探究 ①Contrary to expectations, interest rates did not rise. 出乎意料的是利率并未上升。 ②I didn't expect him to become a successful writer. 我没想到他会成为一个成功的作家。 ③The boy got good grades and lived up to his parents' expectations. 这个男孩取得了好成绩，没有辜负他父母的期望。 ④We are expecting a rise in food prices this month. 我们预计这个月食物价格会上涨。 ►要点突破 ①have great/high expectations of 对……抱有很大希望 in expectation of 预料，期待 against/beyond all expectations 出乎意料 contrary to expectations 出乎意料 live up to one's expectations 达到某人的期望 ②expect v.预料，期待 expect Sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 expect too much of Sb./sth. 对……期望过高了 It is expected that ... 据预计…… expect of 对……期望/期待 be expected to do 被期待做…… ③expected adj.预料的;预期的 ④unexpected adj.出乎意料的;始料不及的 ⑤unexpectedly adv.意外地;出乎意料地;无意地 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①People select news in expectation（expect） of a reward. ②You can't expect to learn（learn） a foreign language in a few months. ③We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery. [完成句子] ④预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。 It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. ⑤我申请这个职位是希望多于期待。 I applied for the post more in hope than expectation. 9 Adaptation n.改编版；适应 ... but why do many adaptations and indeed remarks fail with both cinema audiences and critics? ……但为什么许多改编的电影没能受到电影观众和评论家的好评呢？ ►情景探究 ①Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. 在这里，我将强调一些更聪明和更有创意的气候适应的例子。 ②The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change. 这个世界将会不同，所以我们必须准备好适应变化。 ③He worked harder in order to adapt himself to the new life in the city. 他更努力地工作使自己适应城市的新生活。 ④It’s hard to adapt this book for children. 要将这本书改编为适合小孩的阅读水准很难。 ►要点突破 ①adapt vt.(使)适应；改编 adapt to 适应……;适合…… adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于…… adapt from 根据……改编 adapt for 使适合于；把……改编成…… ②adaptable adj.能适应的；有适应能力的 ③adaptive adj.适应的；有适应能力的；适合的 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. ②When it comes to adaptation（adapt), it is important to understand that climate change is a process. ③These include custom-made navigation tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations（adapt). [完成句子] ④布拉纳因他对莎士比亚的《亨利五世》的荧幕改编而获了两次奖。 Branagh won two awards for his screen adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry the Fifth. ⑤我相信你已经很好地适应了那里的新环境，并喜欢你的新学校。 I believe you have adapted well to the new situation and enjoying your new school. ⑥这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。 Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 10 appropriate adj.恰当的；合适的 Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out. 电影通常只有两小时左右，在有限的时间里，编剧要决定书中哪部分适合银幕，哪部分不适合。 ►情景探究 ①Plain and simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. 朴素的服装适合在学校里穿。 ②I really don't feel it's appropriate to continue the discussion in such a large forum. 我真的认为,以这样一种大规模座谈会的方式来继续讨论是不适当的。 ►要点突破 ①be appropriate to/for 适用于；切合 It＋be appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的。 It＋be appropriate that Sb.(should) do sth. 某人做某事是合适的。 ②appropriately adv.适当地；合适地 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The government has been accused of not responding appropriately to the needs of the homeless. ②Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. [完成句子] ③用方言来交流信息往往很合适。 It is often appropriate to use the local dialect to communicate your message. ④就我来说，我认为父母为了给孩子提供更好的陪伴而放弃工作是不合适的。 As for me, I don't think it is appropriate that parents(should) quit their jobs in order to provide better company for their children. ⑤这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。 The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children. 11 spring to mind马上想到 The Godfather immediately springs to mind. 马上想到《教父》。 ►情景探究 ①Once they made up their minds, nothing could be done to change their minds. 一旦他们下定决心，没有什么能改变他们的主意。 ②When discussing influential modern artists, three names immediately come to mind. 在讨论现代有影响的艺术家时，一下子有三个名字出现在脑海中。 ③Watching TV all evening wasn’t exactly what I had in mind! 我才不愿意整个晚上看电视呢！ ►要点突破 ①come/spring to mind 突然记起（或想到） ②keep ...in mind 记住，将……记在心中 ③have ...in mind 心中有…… ④change one's mind 改变主意 ⑤make up one's mind（to do sth.）下定决心（做某事） ⑥keep/bear it in mind that ... 记住……，将……记在心中 ⑦fix one's mind on/upon 把注意力集中在…… ⑧concentrate one's mind on 集中注意力于；致力于；专心于 ⑨focus one's mind on 集中精力于 ⑩lose one's mind 失去理智 read one's mind 看出某人的心思 apply one's mind to 致力于，专心于 crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①You must always keep the reader in mind when writing a report. ②Williams' two books helped Benjamin to make up his mind to be（be) a painter. [完成句子] ③我希望孩子们有自己的想法，能够坚持自己的观点和思考方式。 I want the children to have a mind of their own to stand up for their opinions and thoughts. ④你还应该记住，经常和同学们交流笔记是提高你学习水平的好方法。 And you also should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study. ⑤谈到这个人时就会马上想到“正直”和“诚实”这两个词。 Integrity and honesty are two words that spring to mind when talking of the man. 12 leave out省略；遗漏；忽略 Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out. 电影通常只有两小时左右，在有限的时间里，编剧要决定书中哪部分适合银幕，哪部分不适合。 ►情景探究 ①He hadn't been asked to the party and was feeling very left out. 他未被邀请参加聚会，感到颇受冷落。 ②I am going to finish my studies in England soon, and I will leave for China next month. 我很快就要结束在英国的学习了，下个月就要去中国了。 ③Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car? 且不说费用多少，我们真的还需要一辆汽车吗？ ►要点突破 ①leave out the detail 省去具体细节 leave out a letter 漏掉一个字母 leave out a possibility 忽略了一种可能性 feel left out 感觉被冷落 do/does not want to be left out 不想被冷落 ②leave for 动身去 leave alone 不管；不打扰 leave aside 搁置一边，不考虑 leave behind 忘记带走；留下；丢弃 leave off 停止，中断 leave out短语中out是副词,宾语若是代词,要放在leave与out中间;宾语若是名词,可放在其后或中间。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶） that had been left out on the footpath. ②I don't want to leave anything behind. [完成句子] ③我因患抑郁症已经休了7个月的病假。 I have been on sick leave for seven months with depression. ④我们暂且把这么做是否可行这一问题放到一边。 Leave aside the question whether this will work. ⑤他们为了一些简单的目标而省略了很多细节。 They leave out a lot of detail in favor of some simple goal. 13 fall down倒塌，跌倒;失败，不够好，不能令人满意 This is where I think many film adaptations fall down. 我想这就是我认为很多改编的电影不能令人满意的地方。 ►情景探究 ①A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 一个足球运动员不应该假摔，即使它能帮他/她的球队。 ②She soon fell behind the leaders. 她很快就落在领先者的后面。 ③My car is falling apart. 我的汽车要散架了。 ►要点突破 ①fall apart 崩溃,破碎 ②fall behind 落后;下降 ③fall over 意外地落下/倒下/被绊倒 ④fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪 ⑤fall into a trap 落入圈套 ⑥fall from 从……跌落 ⑦fall off 从……上掉下来 ⑧fall into 掉进 ⑨fall ill 生病 ⑩fall asleep 睡着 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①There is nothing to be afraid of. The sky won't fall down. ②After falling down, the baby rose to his feet. [完成句子] ③有几个赛跑者在比赛中落在后面了。 Several of the runners fell behind in the race. ④你近来工作做得不够好,是不是遇到了什么麻烦? You have been falling down on the job recently; is there anything troubling you? ⑤安娜尽一切可能避免婚姻破裂。 Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from falling apart. ⑥如果你选择先相信他，你很有可能会落入圈套。 If you choose to believe in him, you're likely to fall into a trap. ⑦服务非常热情和高效，只在一个细节上不够好。 Service was outstandingly friendly and efficient，falling down on only one detail. 14 be involved in卷入，参与 In fact, sometimes authors are very involved in the process and may even be the screenwriter. 事实上，有时作者的确会参与改编，甚至可能担任电影编剧。 ►情景探究 ①No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day. 无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。 ②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students. 米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，这份工作需要花很多时间和学生们在一起。 ►要点突破 ①involve Sb. in (doing) sth. 让某人参与到（做）某事中 involve oneself in sth. 某人自己参与某事 involve doing sth. 需要做某事 ②be involved with 与……关系密切 be/become/get involved with/in politics 参与政治 involved 作定语，前置和后置时意义不同。 ①the people involved 所涉及的人 ②an involved story复杂的故事 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Running your own business usually involves working（work) long hours. ②For a long time Gabriel didn't want to be involved in music at all. ③Parents should involve themselves（they) in their child's education. [完成句子] ④课前预习，课堂上积极参与，课后复习所学的知识，这些让我受益颇多。 It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons， get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class. ⑤但改善参与消防工作的不同公司之间的协调更加重要。 But improving coordination among the different companies involved in firefighting is even more important to deal with. 1 动名词（短语）作主语 Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it’s normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但是当人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影时，他们对电影抱有很高的期待也是正常的。 ►情景探究 ①Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 对自己有信心会帮助你作出更好的选择，因为你能看到对你的幸福最好的结果是什么。 ②It’s no good complaining—they never listen. 抱怨毫无用处——他们根本不听。 ►要点突破 ①动名词（短语）作主语多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态（不定式作主语可表示一次性的、具体的动作）。 ②单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ③动名词（短语）作主语可直接位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而将动名词（短语）后置。常见句型： It is no use/no good doing sth.做某事是没有用/好处的。 It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。 It is no fun/pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣。 不定式作主语经常被用来表示具体的某一次的行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身。 To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Travelling（travel) by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place to another. ②Running is（be） cheap， easy and it's always energetic. ③It's a waste of time playing（play) video games every day. [完成句子] ④孔子说:“学而不思则罔。” Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion. ⑤在水上行走还没有成为现实，主要是因为人类有生理上的局限。 Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans have biological limitations. ⑥观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 2 it作形式主语 Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但是当人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影时，他们对电影抱有很高的期待也是正常的。 ►情景探究 It's unfair of you to blame Mike for the failure. 你把失败归咎于迈克，这不公平。 ►要点突破 it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。常用于这个句式的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, strange, important, necessary, possible等。 “it+be+adj.（+for/of+ Sb.）+不定式”是固定句式，该句式中，it 为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。 常见的it作形式主语的句式： ①It is+adj.+to do sth./that ... ②It is+adj.+for Sb./of Sb. to do sth. ③It is+n.+to do sth./that ... ④It is+adj./ n.+doing sth. ⑤It is+过去分词+that ... ⑥It seems/appears/happens that ... ①该句式中of 与for 的选择与其前形容词有关：与事物的特征有关：easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，quick 等+for；与人的性格或品质有关：kind，wise，cruel，foolish 等+of。 It's kind of you to help the old woman. We all know it's difficult for her to climb the stairs. 你能帮助那位老妇人真是善良。我们都知道她爬楼梯有困难。 ②that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。that引导主语从句时通常用it作形式主语。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①It was very nice to get your invitation to spend（spend) the weekend with you. ②Even though we live in a high-tech age, it's still impossible to predict（predict) the weather accurately. [完成句子] ③用太多的小色块并不是一个好主意。 It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces. ④据报道，未来几年内将在月球上建造一个空间站。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 3 强调句式 One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations. 人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。 ►情景探究 ①It is my father that/who will have a face-to-face talk with me. 我的父亲要和我进行一次面对面的交谈。 ②It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. 正是这些技能使我们能够发展成终生的友谊。 ►要点突破 （1）强调句型的基本结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。如果被强调部分指人，可用who 代替that。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。 （2）使用强调句型时需要注意以下三点： ①强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替； ②用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was； ③被强调部分指人时，可以用who 代替that，其他情况一律用that。 （3）句式变化： 一般疑问式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他部分? 特殊疑问式：疑问词+is/was+it that+其他部分? 判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was 与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. ②You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. [完成句子] ③直到汽车停在我们的房子前面时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat. ④直到我完成电影学专业，我才开始我的演员生涯。 It wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. [一句多译] ⑤昨天我的爷爷在街上遛狗了。 My grandpa walked the dog in the street yesterday. →It was my grandpa that/who walked the dog in the street yesterday.(强调主语） →It was yesterday that my grandpa walked the dog in the street.(强调时间状语) →It was in the street that my grandpa walked the dog yesterday.(强调地点状语） [对应学生用书P110] 1.We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast（广播节目） talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the television. 2.They announced their campaign（运动）through social media and the response was strong, with some people donating(捐赠) second-hand units and others giving cash. 3.My department purchased（购买） the fish we would study. 4.By contrast, brown adipose tissue consumes energy to generate(产生) body heat. 5.The Recommendation put forwards an all-rounded and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic（经济） development. 6.Now it's less political（政治的） but still worries about people who are poor, ill, old, etc. 7.Chinese not only helped me in day-to-day life, but deepened my cultural understanding of such a diverse（多种多样的） and interesting country. 8.The young man was asked to help plan Labour's election（选举) campaign. 9.This odd artistic architecture has gained the Mushroom House its own official website and widespread media coverage（新闻报道). 10.Since different dreams have different meanings，people can get meanings of good or bad luck by interpreting（解释) them. 1.I couldn't make precisely（precise) harmonious movements of my fingers at first. 2.Since 1992, it has hosted a private festival that brings classical（class), jazz, Latin and other types of music to the land. 3.He went back to the consultation（consult) room and determined to do his best to save her life. 4.After months of expectation（expect) and secrecy, the official mascot(吉祥物) of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games—a giant panda-inspired cartoon character—made its first public debut with cheers at Beijing’s Shougang Ice Hockey Arena. 5.He made a quick adaptation to the new surroundings. In other words, he was more adaptable.（adapt) 6.He turned and entered the house with a mixture（mix) of joy and a little disappointment. 7.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately（appropriate), and then again, like children move on. 8.I think you must be mixing me up with someone else. 9.He is also acknowledged as an excellent goalkeeper. 10.I can either send it to you by express mail or alternatively（alternative) compensate you at a reasonable price. 1.他们用了大约一天的时间才弄明白如何操作这台设备。 It took them about one day to figure out how to operate the equipment. 2.在这次会议上我们必须决定忽略什么，留下什么。 We must decide what to leave out and what to leave in in this meeting. 3.除考试结果外，课程作业也要计入成绩。 Coursework is taken into account as well as exam results. 4.他们说期望这次会议对国家的未来产生显著的影响。 They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact on the future of the country. 5.暑假是补读你想读的新书的最佳时间。 Summer holiday is the perfect time to catch up on the new books you meant to read. 6.看来，他们知道自己在干什么。 It seems that they know what they’re doing. 7.他们权衡利弊之后才作出决定。 They weighed the advantages and disadvantages before making the decision. 8.令人吃惊的是超过1万人参加了保护野生动物的会议。 It’s amazing that there are more than 10，000 people attending the meeting of protecting the wild animals. 9.这就是发生事故的地方。 This is where the accident happened. 10.考试之前，我紧张地睡不着觉。 I was too nervous to sleep before the examination. The source material for a film may be classic novels, short stories, comic books, stage plays and non-fiction, like biographies and autobiographies, and even those 1.written（write) by ghost writers. The main challenge for filmmakers is how close to the original the film is. Screenwriters have to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave 2.out and sometimes make changes to the plot, and even different 3.endings（end) to please producers, directors and test audiences. Finding actors 4.acceptable（accept) to film audiences can mean the difference between success and failure.Readers of the book 5.visualise（visual)characters and are sure about how characters should look and sound.But some books are just too difficult to 6.be adapted（adapt) for technical reasons. In fact, sometimes authors are very 7.involved（involve) in the process and may even be the screenwriter. The book writer may be too close to the material and find 8.it difficult to adapt to a new form.There are instances 9.where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work. Some 10.highly（high) successful films are made from popular books such as Jaws, Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$