Unit 4 Section Ⅲ 进行时态（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　GRAMMAR 进行时态 [对应学生用书P43] [观察] 1.I have been watching the American TV series Prison Break these days and I can finish watching within two days. 2.—I have got a headache. —No wonder. You have been working in front of that computer too long. 3.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she has been studying English for a year. 4.He had been looking forward to it all week. 5.On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy place, which was called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. 6.—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon? —I’m sorry, but by then I will be flying to Beijing. How about five? 7.At this time tomorrow, we will be cycling in the park. [归纳] 1.现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，或者始于过去，现在刚刚中止，但注重的是结果。 2.过去完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去某一时间的动作。 3.将来进行时表示将来某一时间持续进行的动作。 [对应学生用书P44] 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成的。 现在完成进行时一般不用于被动语态。 —Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing his essay there ever since. ——彼得去哪里了？我到处找不到他。 ——他早饭后就去图书馆了，一直在那里写论文。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①Inventors have been trying(try) to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert. ②Languages have been coming(come) and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. ③For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying(study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution. 1.“一直持续”用法 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中，它常和“how long”“for+时间段”“since+时间点结构”及“all the time”“this week”“all day/night”“all the morning”等连用。 I haven’t been sleeping well since I returned home。 回到家以来我一直睡得不好。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①A retired engineer, 76yearold Wilson has been offering(offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years. ②People have been pouring(pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. ③Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following(follow) the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. 2.“刚刚中止”用法 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。 —Sorry，I’m late. Have you been waiting long? —Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour. ——对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗？ ——是的，我等了一个小时了。 在表达从过去开始一直到现在仍在继续或刚刚结束某一动作时，某些动词因本身就有持续性，故用现在完成时与现在完成进行时（与“for+时间段”或“since+[] 时间点”)均可，只是现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。如：rain（下雨),snow（下雪），lie（躺),sit(坐），stand（站)，sleep（睡觉）,live（居住）,stay（待,逗留),learn/study（学习），teach（教书)，work（工作），wait（等待),expect(期待，盼望),hope（希望)，want（想要）等。 I have knocked five times. I don’t think anybody is in. 我已经敲了5次门。我想屋里没人。 I have been knocking, and I don’t think anybody is in. 我一直在敲门,我想屋里没人。 3.“反复发生”用法 表示最近一段时期反复发生的动作（强调次数多，动作不一定持续)。 He has been cycling to work for the last three weeks. 三周以来，他一直骑自行车上班。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①“Your child has been looking(look) for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. ②That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying(try) to do. ③So far, the difficult sea-ice conditions of Antarctica have been protecting(protect) it, but we must keep in mind that we should be very careful with oceanic conservation. 4.现在完成时和现在完成进行时 (1)现在完成时表示到现在为止动作已经完成，强调结果；而现在完成进行时强调动作本身的持续性，不管动作是否完成。 I have read this novel. 我已读过这本小说。（可能刚读过，也可能是很久以前读的） I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。（不一定看完） (2)现在完成时表示反复发生的动作,询问或说明已经完成动作的次数，用how many times；而现在完成进行时表示持续的不间断的动作，询问或说明动作的延续性（长久)，用how long。 How many times have you visited Egypt this month? 你本月访问过埃及几次？ How long have you been reading that book? 那本书你读了多长时间了？ 一些表示感情和情绪的词,如like, care, love, fear, hate， desire， mind， value， want， wish; 表示精神活动的动词,如agree, appreciate(=understand）, believe， expect(=think）， imagine， feel（=think）, think, trust， forget, remember, know， mean, realize, recognize, doubt；感官动词，如appear， look, seem,see,notice, observe, sound, hear, taste；状态动词，如have, belong， owe, own， possess, exist， last, contain, weigh, deserve等不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。 They’ve known each other since 2020. 自从2020年起他们就相互认识了。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①The company has been targeted(target) by animal right groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. ②Up to now, he has been selected(select) chairman of the Students’ Union twice in our school. ③The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has been playing(play) in the garden all morning. ④With friends, secret talks never seem to end and it can get really amusing to know what has been going(go) on in your friends’ mind. ⑤If dinner and a show are your style, the Irregardless Café has been hosting(host) live jazz, not to mention fresh from the farm meals nightly since 1975. 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时是由“had+been+现在分词”构成的。 I realized that my labor was very hard, but my growth and our whole family had been depending on the hard work of my parents! 我意识到我的劳动是很辛苦的，但我的成长和我们整个家庭都是依靠我父母的辛勤劳动! The research team had been setting down a number of cameras to a depth of 530 meters under the Weddell Sea for months. 几个月来，该研究团队一直在威德尔海530米深的地方放置大量摄像机。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①It was not the Disneyland trip or beach vacation that I had been hoping(hope) for. ②I had been eating(eat) and cooking the typical Midwest meals for years, and I have to say there weren’t many different kinds of food at dinner. ③Until he passed away in 1961, Mei Lanfang had been performing(perform) and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. 1.过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去的时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一个过去的时间为前提。 过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态, 上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。 I had been looking for the thing for days before I found it. 这个东西我找了好多天才找着。 2.过去完成进行时表示反复的动作。 He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。 3.过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时。 The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。 4.过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。 I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①He answered it was no use that he had been looking(look) for happiness and then he was happy. ②I asked where they had been staying(stay) all those days. ③She had been reviewing(review) her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 5.过去完成时强调结果，过去完成进行时强调动作一直进行。 She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过办公室了，所以办公室很整洁。（强调结果） She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside. 她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行) 将来进行时 将来进行时是由“助动词will/shall+be+现在分词”构成的。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I will be having(have) my classes then. ②Explain that you will be working(work) at certain times and ask them not to disturb you. ③More and more people will be living（live） in big cities. 1.表示将来某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟将正在上英语课。 2.在口语中常用来表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作。 This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York. 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。 3.表示预料不久后要发生或势必要发生的事情或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。 We believe that peasants’ life will be getting better and better. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。 4.表示亲切或委婉的语气。 When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面？ 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。 Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①Mary will be working（work） in the factory in the next two months. ②At 7:00 this evening I will be watching（watch） the news programmes on TV. ③If we don’t do so, we shall be making（make） a serious mistake. ④If Tom is doing（do） his homework when you come back, don’t disturb him, please. 5.将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 （1）将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作；而一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作。 She won’t be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow. 明天8点她不在办公室开会。 What will you do at five tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午五点你将干什么？ （2）将来进行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事；而一般将来时表示临时决定。 We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我们要去海边度假。 —Did you tell Julia about the result? —Oh, no. I will call her now. ——你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗？ ——噢，没有。我现在就告诉她。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$