必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 强基固本-2025届新高考英语一轮复习强基固本能力提升(译林版2020)

必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 强基固本 一、全部单词 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 n.& vt.伤害，损害 ________ adj.有害的 ________ adj.无害的 2 n.土壤；国土，领土，土地 3 *ecosystem 4 adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 5 n.地区，区域；行政区 ________ adj.地区的，区域的 6 n.大陆，陆地，洲 7 n.一百万；许多，大量 ________ n.百万富翁 8 n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 ________ v.使延长，加长，延长，变长 ________ adj.(长度或距离)长的，长期的，长时间的，长久的 9 biodiversity 10 n.种，物种 11 nut 巴西坚果 12 *lily 睡莲 13 n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 ________ v.变化，改变，使有变化，使多样化 ________________ adj.不同的，各种各样的 ________ adj.可变的，变化无常的 14 n.野生动植物，野生生物 15 prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 16 n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 ________ adj.大量的，巨大的，厚重的 ________ n.群众，平民百姓 17 adj.高大的，高耸的； 出色的 ________ n.塔 18 hardwood 19 adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 ________ v.居住，生存adj.活的，实况转播的，现场表演的 ________ adj.活泼的，生动的，真实的，生气勃勃的 ________ adj.活着的(作后置定语) 20 *mammal 21 *jaguar 22 vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 ________ n.生/幸存，残存物 adj.赖以生存的 ________ n.生存者，幸存者 23 frog 24 n.昆虫 25 microorganism ________ n.有机物 26 n.营养素，营养物 ________ n.营养 ________ adj.有营养的 ________ adj.营养(相关)的 27 n.碳 28 n.氧，氧气 29 adv.因此，从而；这样 30 vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 ________ n.消失，不见 ________ vi.出现，显得，似乎 ________ n.出现；外貌，外观，外表 31 n.农业，农学 ________ adj.农业的，农艺的 (adv. ________) 32 n.牛 33 n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 34 n.灭绝 ，绝种 ________ adj.灭绝的，绝种的 35 vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 ________ adj.被损坏的，受损伤的； 情感受到伤害的，有心理创伤的 36 n.气候；倾向，风气 37 adj.全球的；全面的 ________ adv.全球地，全局地 ________ n.地球，地球仪，球体 ________ vt.使全球化 ________ n.全球化 38 n.温室，暖房 39 n.气体；煤气；汽油 40 n.旱灾，久旱 41 n.应用，运用；申请 ________ v.应用，运用，申请 ________ n.申请人，申请者 42 n.小册子 43 n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 ________ v.组织，使有条理 ________ adj.有组织的，安排有秩序的，有条理的 ________ n.组织者 44 adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 ________ adj.绝对的，完全的 45 n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 46 n.奖章，勋章 47 n.形象；图像；意象 ________ vi. & vt.想象，猜想 ________ adj.可想象的，想象得到的 ________ n.想象，想象力 ________ adj.虚构的，假想的 ________ adj.富于想象的，有想象力的 48 shark 49 whale 50 deer(pl.deer) 51 vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹，小道，轨道，跑道，路线 52 n.生活环境，栖息地 ________ n.居民，居住者 53 adv.无处，哪里都不 54 dolphin 55 n.居民，住户 56 n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 57 n.委员会 58 adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 ________ adj.完全的 59 n.雾霾，烟雾 ________ adj.烟雾弥漫的 60 vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 ________ n.抗议者 61 n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 ________ adj.有利可图的，有益的 ________ n.盈利 ________ adj.非营利性的，不以营利为目的的 62 (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 ________ v.辩解，辩白，辩护，保护，防守，防护，保卫 ________ n.被告(人) ________ adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的，戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的，防守的 63 n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 64 adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 ________ adj.经济的，节约的，合算的 (________ adv.) ________ n.经济 ________ n.经济学家 ________ n.经济学 65 n.政策，方针；原则 66 n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 67 n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 68 vt.回收利用，再利用 ________ adj.可回收利用的，可再循环的 ________ adj.不可回收利用的，不可再循环的 ________ n.回收利用 ________ adj.回收利用的 69 n.地铁；地下人行道 70 adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 71 n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 ________ adv.正式地，官方地 ________ n.办公室，官职 ________ n.官员，高级职员，警官，军官 72 n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 ________ adj.穷的 (________adv.) 73 vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药 ________ adj.有毒的，恶毒的，讨厌的 74 n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的 ________ n.化学，化学成分 ________ n.化学家，药剂师 75 n.结果，后果；重要性 ________ adj.作为结果的，随之发生的 ________ adv.因此，结果，必然地 76 adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进 ________ adj.& adv.远的 ________ adj.& adv.更远的/地 ________________ adj.& adv.最远的/地 二、重要短语 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西) 拓展 be filled with/be full of 充满 2 关心/关注……，对……担忧 3 使分解 (为) ，使变化(成) (机器等)出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌，崩溃；消除；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂 拓展 break up break away from break into break out 4 给……带来起色，注入活力 5 逐渐增加，扩大 6 (公开)要求，需要 拓展 call up call in call off call at call on/upon 7 进入某人的脑海 bring … to mind change one’s mind come to mind concentrate one’s mind on/upon … lose one’s mind make up one’s mind keep/bear...in mind 8 想出，想到，提出/被想出，想到，提出 come up with主语(人)是想出者，后面的宾语才是被想出的内容；come up意为“被想出”，主语(物)是被提及的内容，无被动语态。 拓展 keep up with catch up with put up with end up with make up with break up with 9 (被动式： ) 把……分成……(……被分成) 10 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 拓展 be rid of sth./sb. rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. (formal) rid oneself of sb /sth. 11 使发生(或存在)；引起 12 指出 13 报名(参加) 14 突然记起(或想到) 15 大量的，大片的 16 同一个(人或物) 17 由于，因为 拓展 be due to do sth. be due to sb.. be due for sth. 18 手拉手，齐头并进 19 处于……的危险中 20 相应地，转而； 反过来，轮流，依次 拓展 by turns take turns to do... It is one’s turn to do sth. 注意：教材workbook中出现的两个短语：a variety of和in defence of参看“讲”一本中有关核心词汇。 三、经典句型 1.亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。(“倍数关系”表达句型) 2.亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河,亚马孙河长约6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。 (“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句) 3.我希望我们也能帮点忙。(wish +虚拟语气的宾语从句) 4.随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。(so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语) 5.我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。(It is/was+名词(词组)+(for sb.)+to do sth.) 说明：涉及词性/形变化的，请查看以上“‘背’一本中的全部单词”板块。 一、核心词汇 1. harm 【词不离句】The human race had done much harm. (P1) 【拓展延伸】 do/cause harm to...=do ... harm=be harmful to ...给……造成伤害 harm/be harmful to one’s image/reputation损害某人的形象/名声/名誉 mean no harm无恶意 There is no harm in doing sth.=It does no harm to do sth.做某事没有坏处 be harmful to对……有害 2. length 【词不离句】The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length —roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2) 【拓展延伸】 go to great lengths to do sth.不遗余力做某事=spare no effort to do sth. in length在长度上 at length最后，终于；详细地 at arm’s length保持一定距离，疏远，在手臂伸得到的地方 3. variety 【词不离句】The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.(P3) 【拓展延伸】 vary from...to...从/在……到……之间变化，因……不同而不同/而异，从……到……不等 vary in在……方面变化/不同 vary with随……而变化 a variety of＝varieties of种种，各种各样的 the variety of ……的种类 注意：a variety of＋名词，作主语时，动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；the variety of＋名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。the varieties of＋名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 4. mass 【词不离句】Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(P3) 【拓展延伸】 a mass/masses of大量 the mass of大多数 注意：在“the mass of＋名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。 在“a mass/masses of＋名词”作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。 a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。 5. survive 【词不离句】While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(P3) 【拓展延伸】 survive from...从……中幸存/存活下来，流传下来 survive on/by靠……维持生活/生存/存活下来 A survive B (by＋多长时间) A比B多活多长时间 注意：survive的意思是“vi.生存，存活，vt.幸存，幸免于难”，另外还有“比……活(或存在)的时间 长”的意思。而survive from的意思是“从……幸存/存活下来”或“流传下来”。 例如，“许多鸟没有熬过严冬”可以说：Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.，而不能说：Many birds didn’t survive from the severe winter. 6. damage 【词不离句】As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question ...(P3) 【拓展延伸】 do/cause/result in damage to ...对……造成损害/损失/导致对……的损害/损失 damage sb.’s career/reputation/health损害某人的事业/名誉/健康 suffer damage(from ...)受到/遭受(……的)损害 参看：必修二 Unit 4核心词汇10. destroy中的注意：在英语写作中要恰到好处的运用“destroy, damage & ruin”。 7. application 【词不离句】Some call for the application of modern technology, ...(P6) 【拓展延伸】 apply…to将……运用到/应用于…… apply for申请得到 apply to do sth申请做某事 apply to(to sb) ...forsth.向(某人)申请(得到)某物 apply oneself to/apply one’s mind to专心于/致力于/集中精力于，专心从事 application form申请表 8. protest 【词不离句】Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. (P11) 【拓展延伸】 protest about/against/at=make a protest against对……提出抗议 in protest at为了/以示抗议…… without protest心甘情愿地，一声不吭地 under protest不情愿地，极不乐意地 9. profit 【词不离句】People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. (P11) 【拓展延伸】 (be)profitable for…适合于…… make a profit=make profits 获利 profit from/by...从……中受益/靠……获利 profit sb. to do sth.做某事对某人有用/有利 10. defence/defense 【词不离句】In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. (P11) 【拓展延伸】 defend oneself by...通过……辩解/自卫/保护自己 defend...against/from...保卫……免受…… come to sb’s defence来保护某人 in defence of...保卫/保护(……)；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护 defend oneself自卫，为自己辩护 11. consequence 【教材原词】consequences(P13) 【拓展延伸】 as a consequence=in consequence=as a result＝consequently因此，结果 in consequence of=as a consequence of=as a result of由于……的缘故，因而，因此 deal with/take/face/suffer the consequences处理/承担/承担后果/自食其果 of no/little consequence无足轻重的，不重要的 二、经典句型 1.“倍数关系”表达句型 【原句呈现】With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(P2 Lines5-7)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句中使用了“倍数关系”表达方式：A is+倍数+the weight/height/length/width/size...+of B， 表示“在体重/高度/长度/宽度/大小……上，A是B的几倍”。 ②其他常用倍数关系句型： A＋be＋倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋B； A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B，在形容词比较级前，还可以用over, more than 等表示 “比……倍还要多”； A＋be＋倍数＋(as…as)＋what引导的名词性从句。 例句： ①It is said that the size of the new gymnasium is three times larger than the old/original one. It is said that the size of the new gymnasium is four times as large as the old/original one. It is said that the new gymnasium is four times the size of the old/original one. It is said that the new gymnasium is four times as large as what it was/what it used to be. 据说新体育馆的面积是原来的四倍大。 ②我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的小得多，但价格是我们房子的三倍。 My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is three times as expensive as ours. ..., but it is twice more expensive than ours ..., but it is three times the price of ours ③The new road built in this month is more than three times the width of the old one that was built in 2021. 这个月建成的新路的宽度超过了2021年建成的那条路的三倍多。 ④Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs. 十年前，我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。 ⑤The Nile River is longer than any other river in the world.尼罗河比世界上其它任何河流都长。 2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 【原句呈现】The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length —around 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2 Lines 7-9)亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河,亚马孙河长约6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。 【拓展延伸】 ①from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length是非限制性定语从句，为先行项The Amazon River补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间用逗号隔开。 ②介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的基本形式是：介词(介词短语)+关系代词。 其常见的变式有：不定代词＋介词＋关系代词 the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词(有变形) 数词＋介词＋关系代词 the＋形容词比较级(最高级)＋介词＋关系代词 介词＋whose＋名词 介词＋which＋名词 介词＋where＋名词 例句： ①Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts? 你给那些送你礼物的亲戚们发感谢信了吗？ ②At last we reached a lonely village, in front of which lay/there was a beautiful river. 最后我们到了一个偏僻的村子，村子前面有一条美丽的河。 ③The pilot lost control with the military base, as a result of which the plane crashed in the desert. 那个飞行员和军事基地失去了联系，结果飞机在沙漠里坠毁了。 ④Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. 朱莉精通德语、法语和俄语，并且说得都很流利。 ⑤The house was too old, the windows of which(=of which the windows=whose windows)were flown away.这座房子太旧了，窗户都被吹走了。 ⑥In our class, there are 46 students, of whom half(=half of whom=and half of them)come from the countryside.在我们班上，有46名同学，其中一半来自于农村。 ⑦The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom(=and many of them)left their village homes for a better life in the city.这个住宅区大约住有一千人，其中许多人为了更加美好的生活而离开他们的村庄来到这座城市的。 ⑧There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high. 有两栋建筑，其中较大的一栋建筑有一百英尺高。 ⑨I want to thank Professor Doris, without whose help I couldn’t have made so much progress. 我要感谢多丽丝教授，没有她的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的进步的。 ⑩Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, during which time he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. 从1999年到2003年马克是这所大学的学生，在这(4年)期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席。 ⑪He was hiding behind the door from where he could see what was happening. 他躲在门后面，从门后面他可以看到发生的事情。 3.wish +虚拟语气的宾语从句 【原句呈现】I wish we could also do something to help.(P6)我希望我们也能帮点忙。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句中的could不表示过去，而是一种虚拟语气； ②动词wish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，具体分以下三种情况： 对现在的虚拟 从句谓语动词形式：过去式(连系动词be用were) 对将来的虚拟 从句谓语动词形式：would/could/might+动词原形 对过去的虚拟 从句谓语动词形式：had+过去分词 例句： ①How I wish I were a bird, with total freedom and no math class to sit in. 我多么希望自己是一只鸟，完全自由，不上数学课。 ②I wish he would/could go with me to the cinema tonight.今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。 ③I wish I had had a chance to talk about my work with you before you left yesterday. 我真希望在你昨天离开之前有机会和你谈谈我的作品。 4.so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语 【原句呈现】As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(P8) 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句为主从复合句，主句是so引导的倒装句，目的是强调人类对动物的影响在日益增加，相当于the effect we have on animals continues to grow as well。句中so表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，常用结构为“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语”。 注意：如果是另外一个人对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不用倒装。 ②将so换成neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法； ③如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with+主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。 例句： ①—I went to see a film yesterday. —Oh, did you? So did I. “我昨天去看电影了。”“哦，是吗？我也看电影了。” ②—If my sister goes to watch the singing competition named I’m a singer next time, so will I. The competition is well organized. —So it is. “如果我妹妹下次去看《我是歌手》，我也会去。比赛组织得很好。”“确实如此。” ③In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither/Nor did my family.简而言之，我并没有轻率地决定申请灯塔项目。我的家人也是。 ④—My mother does a lot of housework before going to work, but she has never been late.   —So it is with/It’s the same with my mother. “我母亲上班前做了很多家务，但她从来没有迟到过。”  “我母亲也是如此。” 5.It is/was+名词(词组)+(for sb.)+to do sth. 【原句呈现】It’s our duty to protect our environment while aiming for economic development.(P12 Lines 50-51) 我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句中的主干部分用了“It is+名词+to do sth.”的句型，It is one’s duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任。该句型中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语。为了突出不定式所表示的动作执行者，就要在不定式前加上for sb.构成It is+名词+for sb.+to do sth.的句型。 ②该句型还有另外一种形式：It+be+名词(词组)+that从句。该句型中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。 例句： ①It was a pity that you didn’t go/It was a pity that you didn’t go to listen to the talk—Professor Li’s speech was really touching.真遗憾你没有去听这个演讲——李教授的演讲真的很感人。 ②You have much experience in voluntary work so that I think that it is a good idea for you to apply for the position.你在志愿工作方面有很多经验，所以我觉得你申请这个职位是个好主意。 ③It is a challenge for me to cure children of their bad habits. 治好孩子们的坏习惯对我来说是一项挑战。 ④The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house. It is no wonder that it’s so popular worldwide. 网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐，难怪它在全球那么受欢迎。 ⑤It is my belief that all human beings can make a difference to society. 我相信所有人都可以对社会产生影响。 一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式) 1.It is widely assumed that _________(全球的)warming and _________(气候)change may cause ever more disasters in the future. So it is time for us to take action to protect the environment. 2.The band will give a _________(现场表演的)concert performance next week. 3.The athlete has won many ________(奖章)in races. 4.It was said that the_________(委员会) _________(反对)against changing the regulations. 5.It wasn’t long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes ________(高耸的)above us on all sides. 6.Right now, the ________(鹿)in the reserve are being watched over by many volunteers. 7.Your learning ________(策略)needs to be adjusted a little so that you will have some time for your own hobbies. 8._________(申请) for attending _________(各种各样的)clubs is a _________(过程)where students can greatly practice their communication ability. 9.Some _________(加工) food is regarded to be _________(有害) to our body. 10.The policeman pretended to be walking aimlessly on the street. Actually, he was _________(追踪)a suspect. 11.The firm is working on a new product in combination with several ________(海外的)partners. 12.On land with rich _________(土壤), local farmers can grow crops to earn/make a l_________. 13._________(碳)fiber might be worth  exploring in the future because of its added strength. 14.B_________ and Road that links China to the world is a symbol of the golden age of _________(全球化). 15.I didn’t expect that the _________(树枝)sprang back and hit me in the face. 16.The _________(小册子)explains how to a________ for a position. 17.We hope to restore the garden to its _________(以前的)beauty. 18.To protect the ________(野生动物)from dying out, we should build more nature reserves. 19.How to protect the delicate _________(生态系统)was among the top concerns. 20.The _________(气体)is said to relax and widen the blood vessels and thereby aid the flow of blood. 21.The _________(温室)effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃. 22.The ________(百万富翁)is eager to cultivate a positive ________(形象)and show it to others. 23.How do these________(昆虫) adapt themselves to new environment? 24.The first _________(哺乳动物)to be  cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. 25.The new _________(政策)will benefit the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge. 26.This _________(化学的)substance can be resolved into an acid and o_________. 27.About 17 percent of the rainforest’s _________(消失)is due to human activities such as _________(农业)and cattle farming. 28.How would you feel if you’re moving to a new town meant losing t_________ of your friends? 29.Millions of people are suffering from starvation as a result of d_________and p_________ harvests. 30.Last Friday before dinner, seeing a notice in our community calling on r_________ to perform voluntary service, I decided to help with trash picking. 31.Maybe you have been to many countries, but n_________ else can you find such a beautiful place. 32.Global warming is having a great i________ on hundreds of animal and plant species around the world. 33.The c________engineer together with his colleagues has been looking for new scientific methods of farming since five years ago. 34.The c________ connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa. 35.M________ of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake. 36.If we don’t take action, more s________ of animals will be in danger of dying out. 37.At that moment, they felt the earth shaking b________ their feet, beyond  in the distance they heard the crash of falling roofs. 38.The city is developing fast and the s________ is currently under construction. 39.My cousin Jim didn’t behave himself at the party and t________ left a bad impression on the guests. 40.More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly i_________ or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. 二、词性/形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空) 1.Just now Bob ________ in front of us, ________ joyful and his ________ brought much delight to us. As a result, our worry ________ quickly. (appear) 2.Embracing ________(globalize)is the best way to bridge the gap between developing countries and developed countries. 3.A ban on some single-use plastics stresses great importance of using ________(recycle) shopping bags in our daily lives. 4.The Internet enables people to keep track of what’s going on ________ and become part of the ________ community.(globe) 5.Its native ________ existed in perfect harmony with their natural ________ for thousands of years.(habitat) 6.The city recorded 18 ________(smog)days in June, a record high over the last 50 years. 7.We all need to cut down the use of ________(recycle)plastic which will cause damage to our environment. 8.Cixin Liu’s science fiction provides a rich source of material for readers’ ________(imagine)to grow. 9.You’ll need to be a little more ________(imagine)if you want to hold their attention. 10.Fears are growing for the safety of a teenager who ________ a week ago and his ________ makes his parents feel rather worried. (disappear) 11.The boy’s fears were only ________(imagine). 12.The government has now carried out strict ________ policies on gas consumption, encouraging people to use a more ________ way to save both energy and money.(economy) 13.In spite of the fact that he was not a trained ________(economy), his achievements were remarkable. 14.These technological developments were hardly ________(imagine)30 years ago. 15.The design is intended to use space as ________(economy) as possible. 16.He is recognised as one of the greatest painters _________.=He is recognised as one of the greatest _________ painters.(live) 17.Though all the performances were ________(live)and entertaining, the impressive Phantom of the Opera proved to be the fan’ favorite. 18.The other girls rushed ahead of me. I felt ashamed as I fell ________ and ________ behind.(far) 19.For further information about the school, please refer to the ________(office)website. 20.The _________(chemistry)mixed(up)some medicine for me. 21.As is known to all, our nation has ________(office)set Sept 3rd as “Victory Day” to mark our victory over Japan in World War II. 22.For lack of money, the ________(organize)are now trying to look for more people who can sponsor the exhibition. 23.The beauty of the West Lake is ________(entire)beyond expression. 24.Despite  the opposition from her parents, she was still determined to resign and receive ________(far) training courses, which she thought was worthwhile. 25.We must do something to prevent the factories sending out ________(poison)gases so as to keep the city from being polluted. 26.The ________(office)is preparing documents for a four-nation ________(region)meeting on elephant conservation. 27.If you are using food mostly for ________(nutrient), then you are on the right track with your diet. 28.A diet lacking in _________(nutrient)value will not keep a person healthy. 29.The two farmers carrying what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy ________(office)to hand in his map. 30.I feel it is ________(absolute)necessary for me to remind him of the meeting today. 31.Whether you are in a speech contest or you are giving a talk in class, a little preparation will make your presentation ________(organize)and dynamic. 32.Hope project is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of _________(poor). 33.It is difficult to figure out a _________(globe)population of polar bears as much of the range has been _________(poor)studied. 34.If done right, there is no doubt that _________(recycle)saves energy and raw materials, and reduces pollution to the environment. 35.MSF is an independent, ________(profit) ________(organize)whose mission is to provide medical care for those affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters or a lack of health care. 36.It is also the _________(far)object in the solar system to be seen by a telescope.  37.This mass ________(extinct)of our planet’s wildlife is caused by hunting, habitat loss, and pollution. 38.They use special ________(chemistry)to accelerate the growth of crops. 39.As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support ________(agriculture)research. 40.It is likely that we may drive great benefits from such releases of genetically engineered ________ (microorganism)into the environment—providing they do what we expect them to. 三、短语填空(从“背”一本“短语”栏目中选择恰当的短语填空) 说明：每个短语只能用一次，且选择范围不包括拓展短语。 1.I was almost on the edge of ____________ when my dad ____________ a good way(that/in which)we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse. 2.Working out regularly not only helps ____________ my strength, but also enables me to have a positive attitude towards life. 3.Tall grasses and trees, dotted the plains, which ____________ the African wildlife we had come to see. 4.When Chinese people talk about American cities, the first that ____________ is San Francisco. 5.If you are curious about the history of our school or ____________ its future, you mustn’t pass up this excellent opportunity! 6.The dilemma ____________ at the meeting whether we had raised enough funds for our research. 7.____________ several groups, we set out to pick, collect and deliver apples on the farm. 8.Regional cultural differences vary greatly among the different regions of China, only ____________ the different styles of food. 9.She is very patient with her students because she knows that teaching ____________ patience and devotion. 10.Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth... these are ____________ fight. 11.When it comes to ancient Chinese detectives, the name Di Renjie, a famous judge and administrator of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), often ____________. 12.She managed to get over her shyness, which, ____________, helped her to get promoted. 13.Because of a lack of protection, these endangered animals are ____________ dying out. 14.Her talent in music and passion for art have gone ____________, leading to her tremendous success in this field . 15.I could open a book and see meanings, not just ____________ words. 16.In the past, Sam fell behind his fellow students in his study __________ laziness, but now he has made up his mind to catch up with them. 17.I didn’t ____________ his mistake so that he might not lose face in front of his students. 18.I strongly a appeal to everyone to ____________ this contest, where a wealth of knowledge will be harvested. 19.There is no point in advising him to ____________ the bad habit of staying up late. He is so stubborn. 20.The tourism boom helps to protect and ____________ the ancient village. 四、核心词汇(根据要求完成相关任务) 1. harm 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Sugar is ________ to our health, but eating it too much is ________ to our health, that is to say, eating too much sugar does ________ to our health. ②April Fool’s Day is a traditional festival —when people play _________(harm)jokes on others. 完成句子 ③他可能看上去很凶，但他并无恶意。 He may look fierce, but he ______________ . ④这不仅会对他们的汉语学习造成很大的伤害，也会对他们未来的英语学习造成很大的伤害。 This will _____________________ their Chinese learning ___________ their future English learning. ⑤从那以后，他没有受到任何伤害。 _______________________ him ever since. ⑥沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙，发言稿) Being addicted to online games ____________________ our physical and mental health.Therefore, ________ _______________ it. ⑦这个事件没有损害他的名誉/形象。 This event ___________________________.  2. length 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The _________ of the article should be limited to 400 words or so. ②She goes to extraordinary ________ to keep her private life private. ③Schools have been ________ the school day to raise test marks, which can be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days. ④There was a ________ silence before she spoke. 完成句子 ⑤我们应该不遗余力地用各种有效的方法来解决这些问题。 We should ________________________ these problems with various effective means. ⑥这项工作不容易完成，但是他最终设法完成了。 The work was not easy to finish, but he ________________. ⑦他刚刚租的房子大约长9米，三米宽。 The room he has just rent is ___________________________. ⑧一个碰巧看到这一交通事故的过路人被带到警察局，详细描述事故的经过。 A passer-by who happened to see the traffic accident was taken to the police station _______________. ⑨你是一个女孩儿，得和男孩儿保持一定的距离。 You are a girl and you should ________________________.  3. variety 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①So rich/abundant are the educational resources that those loving learning can have free access to _________ courses and learn everything without going out. ②The sort of music he listens to ________, but tends towards popular music. ③The crop scientists found the ________ of wheat restricted not only by the type of soil but also by the climate. ④It is essential that your diet is ________ and balanced. ⑤Farmers already adapt to ________(vary)weather by changing their planting schedules. 完成句子 ⑥报纸上有各种各样的文章，从政治到娱乐不等。 ____________________ articles in newspaper, which _______________________. ⑦我们将举办各种各样的课外活动，从英语角到文学俱乐部，我们学生可以从中获得不同的体验。 ____________________ will be held, ______________________, ______________ we students can get _________________. ⑧西红柿的价格随季节而变化。 The price of tomatoes _______________________. ⑨超市里的商品大小、颜色和价格各不相同。 The goods in the supermarket ___________________ . ⑩尽量使孩子们的学校生活多样化，他们才不会感到厌烦。 Try to ________________________ so that they won’t get bored. 4. mass 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Above that is the ________ of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. ②The advertisement was designed to target a ________ audience. ③Shortly after suffering from a ________(mass)earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look. ④He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of the ________(mass). 完成句子 ⑤那个地区的大多数人都热爱和平。 ________________ in that region ________ fond of peace. ⑥大量的证据表明，事故的主要原因是他的粗心大意，大量的市民赞成这个想法。 ________________ show that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and _______________ is in favour of this idea. ⑦在过去的十年里，大量的栖息地被破坏，这威胁到许多生物的生存。 In the past ten years, which threatens many creatures’ existence. 5. survive 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The only way for us ________ is to coexist harmoniously with nature. ②Positive attitude, clear mind and ________ skills will save your life and we promise you will not feel disappointed. ③Exporting is necessary for our economic _________. ④Dogs, which are our best friends, are often used to search for _________ in an earthquake. 完成句子 ⑤她告诉记者她在被掩埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。 She told the reporter that she had to _____________________ during the days when she was buried. ⑥这对夫妇在那场事故中幸存下来，但他们是仅有的两名幸存者。他们为自己的幸存感到幸运。他们主 要靠丈夫的收入生活。最后，丈夫比妻子多活了10年。 The couple __________________, but they were the only two ________. They felt lucky for their ________. They _____________________ the husband’s income. Finally, the husband ____________________ . ⑦面对全球经济萧条，这家公司正在想办法逃脱这场危机。 Faced with the global economic depression, the company is taking measures ______________________. ⑧这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者。 The little girl was ____________________________ the strong earthquake. ⑨我们试图靠自己生存。 We are trying __________________________. ⑩全球变暖对像北极熊等动物的生存构成了严重威胁。 Global warming has posed ________________________ of animals such as polar bears. 6. damage 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①However, dangerous conditions and ________ roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. ②It ________ partly by natural forces like earthquakes, but the greatest damage of all has been caused by man. 完成句子 ③沉迷网络游戏对我们的健康有害。 Being addicted to online games _________________________. ④虚假广告欺骗消费者，因此对他们的合法权利和利益造成了损害。 False advertisements play tricks on consumers, ____________________ their legal rights and interests. ⑤他建议我买一部新手机，因为旧的那部已经损坏得无法修理了。 He suggested me buy a new phone because the old one _________________________________. ⑥保险单内容不包括正常使用所导致的损坏。 The insurance policy does not cover ________________ normal wear and tear. ⑦强台风的袭击会使这些平台遭受不同程度的损伤，甚至毁坏。 These platforms ____________________________ the super typhoon and ____________. 7. application 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①I would appreciate it if my ________ could get your approval. ②To my delight/What delighted me was that, I was chosen from hundreds of _______ to attend the opening ceremony of the 2026 Olympic Winter Games. 完成句子 ③申请新工作时每个人都应该填写申请表。 Everyone should ______________________ when ___________________. ④他申请部门高级管理员职位，但申请未获批准。 He ___________________ as a senior administrator of the department, but his ____________________. ⑤我写这封信是为了申请学校为促进中英文化交流而正在组织的中式工坊活动。 ______________________ the Chinese workshop activity ____________________ by the school as part of promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK. ⑥你不应该向公司申请这个职位。 You shouldn’t _____________________________. ⑦我们老师被鼓励把现代科技应用到课堂教学中去。 We teachers are encouraged ________________________. ⑧如果你不专心致志工作，你总有一天会被甩在后面。 If you don’t __________________, you will be left behind one day. 8. protest 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The poster put up on the wall shows the ________ against illegal hunting. ②There is little indication those ________ will leave the building peacefully.  完成句子 ③医院员工举行罢工以示抗议这几起事件。 Staff at the hospital went on strike ______________________ the incidents. ④这里的所有领导都喜欢他，因为他是一个愿意心甘情愿地执行命令的人。 All the leaders here like him because he is a person who is willing to ________________________. ⑤圣诞节前夕孩子们极不乐意睡觉。 The children __________________ on Christmas Eve ________________. 9. profit 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①It is less costly and _________ to maintain a relationship with an existing customer than it is to establish a new one. ②Most of that money goes to ________ organizations that run programmes for the poor. ③ Recycled in a scientific way, the kind of rubbish can bring huge ________. ④Quality products make an important contribution to long-term revenue and ________, so we can’t speed up production at the expense of quality. 完成句子 ⑤运动对于各年龄段的人都很有益。 Exercise _______________ people of all ages. ⑥近年来，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作，以谋求利润。 In recent years many football clubs have been run as business to _____________________. ⑦在面试之前对该公司作些了解可能对你有用。 It might ____________________ the company before your interview. ⑧所有的孩子都可以从这些故事中获益。 All children can ________________________. ⑨他们尝试了几种方法来降低成本以获得更多的利润。 They tried several ways to have the cost reduced __________________. 10. defence/defense 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①They explained that these were purely ________ weapons, not designed for attack. ②Humour is a more effective _________ than violence. ③He claimed that he had seen the _________ escape from the scene of the crime. 完成句子 ④我们为他的行为作了充分的辩护。 We said much ________________________. ⑤每个人都应该学会利用合法的手段保护自己。 Everyone should learn how to _________________________________.  ⑥我和妻子试图用胡椒喷雾来保护自己不受北极熊的袭击。 My wife and I attempted to use pepper spray to ___________________________ by the polar bear. 11. consequence 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①All these opinions make sense, and ________ it is hard to choose the best of them.  ②This is an example of how the abuse of public trust in the media can have serious ________. 完成句子 ③本来没有什么了不起的事，他们却看得很重。 They ____________________ things that are _________________. ④由于受伤，他不得不放弃这场比赛，这很令人沮丧。 ____________________________, he had to give up this competition, which was depressing. ⑤多亏了您的慷慨帮助，我的英语水平提高了很多。因此，我确实从心底感激您的帮助。 __________________, my English has improved a lot. _________________, I do appreciate your help from the bottom of my heart. ⑥虽然这种情况引起了不良的后果，但是最终还是想到了好办法。 This _______________________, but a good idea ____________ in time. 五、句型仿写 1.这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our new school is _________________ what it was ten years ago. 2.自1996年以来，这个小镇已经发展成为一个现代化的大城市，比过去大了四倍多。 The little town has grown into a modern big city since 1996 and ____________________________. 3.一些年轻人，其中绝大多数受过良好教育，选择在大学毕业后创业。 Some young people, _______________________ , chose to start up in business after graduation from university. 4.当我遇到困难时我父亲是我会求助的第一个人。 My father is the first person _________________ when I meet difficulties. 5.海滩离我家很近，从那里我们可以看到远处的群山。 The beach is within walking distance of my house, ___________________________. 6.我真希望在你昨天离开之前有机会和你谈谈我的作品。 I do wish _________________________ with you before you left yesterday. 7.我在伦敦的时候你给了我很多帮助，我希望我能给你一些东西作为回报。 You gave me so much help when I was in London. I wish ________________________. 8.如果你去听讲座的话，我也去。 If you attend the lecture, ________________. 9.“我再也不会来这家餐厅了。食物太糟糕了！”“我也不会。” —I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! —_____________________. 10.“我的儿子是一名志愿者，经常帮助残疾人。”“我的儿子也是，他们真了不起。” —My son is a volunteer and often helps the disabled． —_______________. They’re really something． 11.“你出去时忘了带钱包。”“天哪，我确实忘了(带钱包)” —You forgot your purse when you went out. —Good heavens, _________________. 12.这本书是以学生的生活为基础的，难怪这么受青少年欢迎。 This book is based on/upon the life of the students. _________________________. 13.我相信，只有我们共同努力，我们的明天才会更加美好。 __________________________ only with our joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow. 14.很遗憾，格林一家人堵在路上，错过了航班。 ___________________ the Greens were stuck in traffic and missed their flight. 15.对我来说，帮助孩子们改掉坏习惯是一项具有挑战性的工作。 ___________________________________________ of their bad habits. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 强基固本 一、全部单词 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 harm n.& vt.伤害，损害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 2 soil n.土壤；国土，领土，土地 3 *ecosystem n.生态系统 4 overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 5 region n.地区，区域；行政区 regional adj.地区的，区域的 6 continent n.大陆，陆地，洲 7 million n.一百万；许多，大量 millionaire n.百万富翁 8 length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 lengthen v.使延长，加长，延长，变长 long adj.(长度或距离)长的，长期的，长时间的，长久的 9 biodiversity n.生物多样性 10 specie n.种，物种 11 nut n.坚果 Brazil nut 巴西坚果 12 *lily n.百合(花) water lily 睡莲 13 variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 vary v.变化，改变，使有变化，使多样化 various/varied adj.不同的，各种各样的 variable adj.可变的，变化无常的 14 wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 15 beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 16 mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 massive adj.大量的，巨大的，厚重的 the masses n.群众，平民百姓 17 towering adj.高大的，高耸的； 出色的 tower n.塔 18 hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) 19 living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 live v.居住，生存adj.活的，实况转播的，现场表演的 lively adj.活泼的，生动的，真实的，生气勃勃的 alive adj.活着的(作后置定语) 20 *mammal n.哺乳动物 21 *jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎 22 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 survival n.生/幸存，残存物 adj.赖以生存的 survivor n.生存者，幸存者 23 frog n.蛙，青蛙 24 insect n.昆虫 25 microorganism n.微生物 organism n.有机物 26 nutrient n.营养素，营养物 nutrition n.营养 nutritious adj.有营养的 nutritional adj.营养(相关)的 27 carbon n.碳 28 oxygen n.氧，氧气 29 thus adv.因此，从而；这样 30 disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 disappearance n.消失，不见 appear vi.出现，显得，似乎 appearance n.出现；外貌，外观，外表 31 agriculture n.农业，农学 agricultural adj.农业的，农艺的 (adv. agriculturally) 32 cattle n.牛 33 impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 34 extinction n.灭绝 ，绝种 extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 35 damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 damaged adj.被损坏的，受损伤的； 情感受到伤害的，有心理创伤的 36 climate n.气候；倾向，风气 37 global adj.全球的；全面的 globally adv.全球地，全局地 globe n.地球，地球仪，球体 globalize vt.使全球化 globalization n.全球化 38 greenhouse n.温室，暖房 39 gas n.气体；煤气；汽油 40 drought n.旱灾，久旱 41 application n.应用，运用；申请 apply v.应用，运用，申请 applicant n.申请人，申请者 42 brochure n.小册子 43 organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 organize v.组织，使有条理 organized adj.有组织的，安排有秩序的，有条理的 organizer n.组织者 44 absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 45 belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 46 medal n.奖章，勋章 47 image n.形象；图像；意象 imagine vi. & vt.想象，猜想 imaginable adj.可想象的，想象得到的 imagination n.想象，想象力 imaginary adj.虚构的，假想的 imaginative adj.富于想象的，有想象力的 48 shark n.鲨鱼 49 whale n.鲸 50 deer(pl.deer) n.鹿 51 track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹，小道，轨道，跑道，路线 52 habitat n.生活环境，栖息地 inhabitant n.居民，居住者 53 nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 54 dolphin n.海豚 55 resident n.居民，住户 56 chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 57 committee n.委员会 58 entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 entire adj.完全的 59 smog n.雾霾，烟雾 smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 60 protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 protester n.抗议者 61 profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 profitable adj.有利可图的，有益的 profitability n.盈利 non-profit adj.非营利性的，不以营利为目的的 62 defence (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 defend v.辩解，辩白，辩护，保护，防守，防护，保卫 defendant n.被告(人) defensive adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的，戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的，防守的 63 process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 64 economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 economical adj.经济的，节约的，合算的 (economically adv.) economy n.经济 economist n.经济学家 economics n.经济学 65 policy n.政策，方针；原则 66 branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 67 strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 68 recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 recyclable adj.可回收利用的，可再循环的 unrecyclable adj.不可回收利用的，不可再循环的 recycling n.回收利用 recycled adj.回收利用的 69 subway n.地铁；地下人行道 70 former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 71 official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 officially adv.正式地，官方地 office n.办公室，官职 officer n.官员，高级职员，警官，军官 72 poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 poor adj.穷的 (adv.poorly) 73 poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药 poisonous adj.有毒的，恶毒的，讨厌的 74 chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的 chemistry n.化学，化学成分 chemist n.化学家，药剂师 75 consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 consequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的 consequently adv.因此，结果，必然地 76 further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进 far adj.& adv.远的 farther adj.& adv.更远的/地 furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地 二、重要短语 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 be alive with 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西) 拓展 be filled with/be full of 充满 2 be concerned about 关心/关注……，对……担忧 3 break down 使分解 (为) ，使变化(成) (机器等)出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌，崩溃；消除；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂 拓展 break up break away from break into break out 驱散，拆分，打碎；分裂，解体；结束；关系等破裂 突然离开，挣脱(束缚)，脱离 破门而入；闯入 战争、火灾等爆发/发生 4 breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 5 build up 逐渐增加，扩大 6 call for (公开)要求，需要 拓展 call up call in call off call at call on/upon 使……回忆起；给……打电话 叫来；召来；下令收回；请求 取消；停止 拜访某地 拜访(某人)，号召 7 come into one’s mind 进入某人的脑海 bring … to mind change one’s mind come to mind concentrate one’s mind on/upon … lose one’s mind make up one’s mind keep/bear...in mind 使……想起 改变主意 突然想起 集中注意力于……；专注于…… 失去理智 下定决心，打定主意 将……记在心中 8 come up with/come up 想出，想到，提出/被想出，想到，提出 come up with主语(人)是想出者，后面的宾语才是被想出的内容；come up意为“被想出”，主语(物)是被提及的内容，无被动语态。 拓展 keep up with catch up with put up with end up with make up with break up with 跟上，与……保持联系 赶上，追上 忍受，容忍 以……结束 与……言归于好 与……分手 9 divide...into...(被动式：be divided into) 把……分成……(……被分成) 10 get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 拓展 be rid of sth./sb. rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. (formal) rid oneself of sb /sth. 摆脱某人/某事物 去除，清除 摆脱, 从……中解脱 11 give rise to=give birth to 使发生(或存在)；引起 12 point out 指出 13 sign up(for) 报名(参加) 14 spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 15 a sea of 大量的，大片的 16 one and the same 同一个(人或物) 17 due to 由于，因为 拓展 be due to do sth. be due to sb.. be due for sth. 预定/预期做某事 应付给/给予某人 应有某物；应得到某物 18 hand in hand 手拉手，齐头并进 19 in danger of 处于……的危险中 20 in turn 相应地，转而； 反过来，轮流，依次 拓展 by turns take turns to do... It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮流 轮流做…… 轮到某人做某事 注意：教材workbook中出现的两个短语：a variety of和in defence of参看“讲”一本中有关核心词汇。 三、经典句型 1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(P2 Lines5-7)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。(“倍数关系”表达句型) 2.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length—around 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2 Lines 7-9)亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河,亚马孙河长约6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句) 3.I wish we could also do something to help.(P6)我希望我们也能帮点忙。(wish +虚拟语气的宾语从句) 4.As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(P8) 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。(so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语) 5.It’s our duty to protect our environment while aiming for economic development.(P12 Lines 50-51) 我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。(It is/was+名词(词组)+(for sb.)+to do sth.) 说明：涉及词性/形变化的，请查看以上“‘背’一本中的全部单词”板块。 一、核心词汇 1. harm 【词不离句】The human race had done much harm. (P1) 【拓展延伸】 do/cause harm to...=do ... harm=be harmful to ...给……造成伤害 harm/be harmful to one’s image/reputation损害某人的形象/名声/名誉 mean no harm无恶意 There is no harm in doing sth.=It does no harm to do sth.做某事没有坏处 be harmful to对……有害 2. length 【词不离句】The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length —roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2) 【拓展延伸】 go to great lengths to do sth.不遗余力做某事=spare no effort to do sth. in length在长度上 at length最后，终于；详细地 at arm’s length保持一定距离，疏远，在手臂伸得到的地方 3. variety 【词不离句】The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.(P3) 【拓展延伸】 vary from...to...从/在……到……之间变化，因……不同而不同/而异，从……到……不等 vary in在……方面变化/不同 vary with随……而变化 a variety of＝varieties of种种，各种各样的 the variety of ……的种类 注意：a variety of＋名词，作主语时，动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；the variety of＋名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。the varieties of＋名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 4. mass 【词不离句】Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(P3) 【拓展延伸】 a mass/masses of大量 the mass of大多数 注意：在“the mass of＋名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。 在“a mass/masses of＋名词”作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。 a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。 5. survive 【词不离句】While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(P3) 【拓展延伸】 survive from...从……中幸存/存活下来，流传下来 survive on/by靠……维持生活/生存/存活下来 A survive B (by＋多长时间) A比B多活多长时间 注意：survive的意思是“vi.生存，存活，vt.幸存，幸免于难”，另外还有“比……活(或存在)的时间 长”的意思。而survive from的意思是“从……幸存/存活下来”或“流传下来”。 例如，“许多鸟没有熬过严冬”可以说：Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.，而不能说：Many birds didn’t survive from the severe winter. 6. damage 【词不离句】As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question ...(P3) 【拓展延伸】 do/cause/result in damage to ...对……造成损害/损失/导致对……的损害/损失 damage sb.’s career/reputation/health损害某人的事业/名誉/健康 suffer damage(from ...)受到/遭受(……的)损害 参看：必修二 Unit 4核心词汇10. destroy中的注意：在英语写作中要恰到好处的运用“destroy, damage & ruin”。 7. application 【词不离句】Some call for the application of modern technology, ...(P6) 【拓展延伸】 apply…to将……运用到/应用于…… apply for申请得到 apply to do sth申请做某事 apply to(to sb) ...forsth.向(某人)申请(得到)某物 apply oneself to/apply one’s mind to专心于/致力于/集中精力于，专心从事 application form申请表 8. protest 【词不离句】Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. (P11) 【拓展延伸】 protest about/against/at=make a protest against对……提出抗议 in protest at为了/以示抗议…… without protest心甘情愿地，一声不吭地 under protest不情愿地，极不乐意地 9. profit 【词不离句】People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. (P11) 【拓展延伸】 (be)profitable for…适合于…… make a profit=make profits 获利 profit from/by...从……中受益/靠……获利 profit sb. to do sth.做某事对某人有用/有利 10. defence/defense 【词不离句】In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. (P11) 【拓展延伸】 defend oneself by...通过……辩解/自卫/保护自己 defend...against/from...保卫……免受…… come to sb’s defence来保护某人 in defence of...保卫/保护(……)；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护 defend oneself自卫，为自己辩护 11. consequence 【教材原词】consequences(P13) 【拓展延伸】 as a consequence=in consequence=as a result＝consequently因此，结果 in consequence of=as a consequence of=as a result of由于……的缘故，因而，因此 deal with/take/face/suffer the consequences处理/承担/承担后果/自食其果 of no/little consequence无足轻重的，不重要的 二、经典句型 1.“倍数关系”表达句型 【原句呈现】With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(P2 Lines5-7)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句中使用了“倍数关系”表达方式：A is+倍数+the weight/height/length/width/size...+of B， 表示“在体重/高度/长度/宽度/大小……上，A是B的几倍”。 ②其他常用倍数关系句型： A＋be＋倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋B； A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B，在形容词比较级前，还可以用over, more than 等表示 “比……倍还要多”； A＋be＋倍数＋(as…as)＋what引导的名词性从句。 例句： ①It is said that the size of the new gymnasium is three times larger than the old/original one. It is said that the size of the new gymnasium is four times as large as the old/original one. It is said that the new gymnasium is four times the size of the old/original one. It is said that the new gymnasium is four times as large as what it was/what it used to be. 据说新体育馆的面积是原来的四倍大。 ②我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的小得多，但价格是我们房子的三倍。 My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is three times as expensive as ours. ..., but it is twice more expensive than ours ..., but it is three times the price of ours ③The new road built in this month is more than three times the width of the old one that was built in 2021. 这个月建成的新路的宽度超过了2021年建成的那条路的三倍多。 ④Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs. 十年前，我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。 ⑤The Nile River is longer than any other river in the world.尼罗河比世界上其它任何河流都长。 2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 【原句呈现】The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length —around 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2 Lines 7-9)亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河,亚马孙河长约6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。 【拓展延伸】 ①from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length是非限制性定语从句，为先行项The Amazon River补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间用逗号隔开。 ②介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的基本形式是：介词(介词短语)+关系代词。 其常见的变式有：不定代词＋介词＋关系代词 the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词(有变形) 数词＋介词＋关系代词 the＋形容词比较级(最高级)＋介词＋关系代词 介词＋whose＋名词 介词＋which＋名词 介词＋where＋名词 例句： ①Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts? 你给那些送你礼物的亲戚们发感谢信了吗？ ②At last we reached a lonely village, in front of which lay/there was a beautiful river. 最后我们到了一个偏僻的村子，村子前面有一条美丽的河。 ③The pilot lost control with the military base, as a result of which the plane crashed in the desert. 那个飞行员和军事基地失去了联系，结果飞机在沙漠里坠毁了。 ④Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. 朱莉精通德语、法语和俄语，并且说得都很流利。 ⑤The house was too old, the windows of which(=of which the windows=whose windows)were flown away.这座房子太旧了，窗户都被吹走了。 ⑥In our class, there are 46 students, of whom half(=half of whom=and half of them)come from the countryside.在我们班上，有46名同学，其中一半来自于农村。 ⑦The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom(=and many of them)left their village homes for a better life in the city.这个住宅区大约住有一千人，其中许多人为了更加美好的生活而离开他们的村庄来到这座城市的。 ⑧There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high. 有两栋建筑，其中较大的一栋建筑有一百英尺高。 ⑨I want to thank Professor Doris, without whose help I couldn’t have made so much progress. 我要感谢多丽丝教授，没有她的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的进步的。 ⑩Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, during which time he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. 从1999年到2003年马克是这所大学的学生，在这(4年)期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席。 ⑪He was hiding behind the door from where he could see what was happening. 他躲在门后面，从门后面他可以看到发生的事情。 3.wish +虚拟语气的宾语从句 【原句呈现】I wish we could also do something to help.(P6)我希望我们也能帮点忙。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句中的could不表示过去，而是一种虚拟语气； ②动词wish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，具体分以下三种情况： 对现在的虚拟 从句谓语动词形式：过去式(连系动词be用were) 对将来的虚拟 从句谓语动词形式：would/could/might+动词原形 对过去的虚拟 从句谓语动词形式：had+过去分词 例句： ①How I wish I were a bird, with total freedom and no math class to sit in. 我多么希望自己是一只鸟，完全自由，不上数学课。 ②I wish he would/could go with me to the cinema tonight.今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。 ③I wish I had had a chance to talk about my work with you before you left yesterday. 我真希望在你昨天离开之前有机会和你谈谈我的作品。 4.so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语 【原句呈现】As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(P8) 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句为主从复合句，主句是so引导的倒装句，目的是强调人类对动物的影响在日益增加，相当于the effect we have on animals continues to grow as well。句中so表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，常用结构为“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语”。 注意：如果是另外一个人对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不用倒装。 ②将so换成neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法； ③如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with+主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。 例句： ①—I went to see a film yesterday. —Oh, did you? So did I. “我昨天去看电影了。”“哦，是吗？我也看电影了。” ②—If my sister goes to watch the singing competition named I’m a singer next time, so will I. The competition is well organized. —So it is. “如果我妹妹下次去看《我是歌手》，我也会去。比赛组织得很好。”“确实如此。” ③In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither/Nor did my family.简而言之，我并没有轻率地决定申请灯塔项目。我的家人也是。 ④—My mother does a lot of housework before going to work, but she has never been late.   —So it is with/It’s the same with my mother. “我母亲上班前做了很多家务，但她从来没有迟到过。”  “我母亲也是如此。” 5.It is/was+名词(词组)+(for sb.)+to do sth. 【原句呈现】It’s our duty to protect our environment while aiming for economic development.(P12 Lines 50-51) 我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。 【拓展延伸】 ①本句中的主干部分用了“It is+名词+to do sth.”的句型，It is one’s duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任。该句型中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语。为了突出不定式所表示的动作执行者，就要在不定式前加上for sb.构成It is+名词+for sb.+to do sth.的句型。 ②该句型还有另外一种形式：It+be+名词(词组)+that从句。该句型中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。 例句： ①It was a pity that you didn’t go/It was a pity that you didn’t go to listen to the talk—Professor Li’s speech was really touching.真遗憾你没有去听这个演讲——李教授的演讲真的很感人。 ②You have much experience in voluntary work so that I think that it is a good idea for you to apply for the position.你在志愿工作方面有很多经验，所以我觉得你申请这个职位是个好主意。 ③It is a challenge for me to cure children of their bad habits. 治好孩子们的坏习惯对我来说是一项挑战。 ④The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house. It is no wonder that it’s so popular worldwide. 网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐，难怪它在全球那么受欢迎。 ⑤It is my belief that all human beings can make a difference to society. 我相信所有人都可以对社会产生影响。 一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式) 1.It is widely assumed that _________(全球的)warming and _________(气候)change may cause ever more disasters in the future. So it is time for us to take action to protect the environment. 【答案】global, climate 【句意】人们普遍认为，全球变暖和气候变化可能会在未来造成更多的灾难。因此，现在是我们采取行动保护环境的时候了。 2.The band will give a _________(现场表演的)concert performance next week. 【答案】live 【句意】这个乐队下周将举行一场现场音乐会。 3.The athlete has won many ________(奖章)in races. 【答案】medals 【句意】这位运动员在赛跑中赢得了许多奖牌。 4.It was said that the_________(委员会) _________(反对)against changing the regulations. 【答案】committee, protested 【句意】据说委员会反对改变这些规章制度。 5.It wasn’t long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes ________(高耸的)above us on all sides. 【答案】towering 【句意】没过多久，我们就被四周高耸的巨大沙丘包围了。 6.Right now, the ________(鹿)in the reserve are being watched over by many volunteers. 【答案】deer 【句意】现在，保护区里的鹿正由许多志愿者看管。 7.Your learning ________(策略)needs to be adjusted a little so that you will have some time for your own hobbies. 【答案】strategy 【句意】你的学习策略需要调整一点，这样你就有时间从事你自己的爱好。 8._________(申请) for attending _________(各种各样的)clubs is a _________(过程)where students can greatly practice their communication ability. 【答案】 Applying, various, process 【句意】申请加入各种俱乐部的过程是一个可以充分锻炼学生们的交流能力的过程。 9.Some _________(加工) food is regarded to be _________(有害) to our body. 【答案】processed, harmful 【句意】一些加工食品被认为对我们的身体有害。 10.The policeman pretended to be walking aimlessly on the street. Actually, he was _________(追踪)a suspect. 【答案】tracking 【句意】警察假装在街上漫无目的地走。事实上，他在跟踪一个犯罪嫌疑人。 11.The firm is working on a new product in combination with several ________(海外的)partners. 【答案】overseas 【句意】这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。 12.On land with rich _________(土壤), local farmers can grow crops to earn/make a l_________. 【答案】soil, living 【句意】在肥沃的土壤上，当地农民可以种植农作物来谋生。 13._________(碳)fiber might be worth  exploring in the future because of its added strength. 【答案】Carbon 【句意】碳纤维由于其增强的强度在未来可能是值得探索的(材料)。 14.B_________ and Road that links China to the world is a symbol of the golden age of _________(全球化). 【答案】Belt, globalization 【句意】联系着中国与世界的一带一路，象征着全球化黄金时代。 15.I didn’t expect that the _________(树枝)sprang back and hit me in the face. 【答案】branch 【句意】我没料到，那树枝竟弹了回来，打在我的脸上。 16.The _________(小册子)explains how to a________ for a position. 【答案】brochure, apply 【句意】这本小册子介绍如何申请职位。 17.We hope to restore the garden to its _________(以前的)beauty. 【答案】former 【句意】们想把这花园变得和以前一样美丽。 18.To protect the ________(野生动物)from dying out, we should build more nature reserves. 【答案】wildlife 【句意】为了保护野生动物免于灭绝，我们要建立更多的自然保护区。 19.How to protect the delicate _________(生态系统)was among the top concerns. 【答案】ecosystem 【句意】如何保护脆弱的生态系统是最重要的事情之一。 20.The _________(气体)is said to relax and widen the blood vessels and thereby aid the flow of blood. 【答案】gas 【句意】据说这种气体放松和扩张血管，从而帮助血液流动。 21.The _________(温室)effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃. 【答案】greenhouse 【句意】温室效应使得地球表面的平均气温达到了15℃。 22.The ________(百万富翁)is eager to cultivate a positive ________(形象)and show it to others. 【答案】millionaire, image 【句意】这位百万富翁渴望树立一个积极的形象并把它展示给别人。 23.How do these________(昆虫) adapt themselves to new environment? 【答案】insects 【句意】这些昆虫是如何适应新环境的？ 24.The first _________(哺乳动物)to be  cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. 【答案】mammal 【句意】第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。 25.The new _________(政策)will benefit the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge. 【答案】policy 【句意】新政策将使老年人受益良多，65岁以上的人可以免费乘坐公共汽车。 26.This _________(化学的)substance can be resolved into an acid and o_________. 【答案】chemical, oxygen 【句意】这种化学物质可以分解为酸和氧。 27.About 17 percent of the rainforest’s _________(消失)is due to human activities such as _________(农业)and cattle farming. 【答案】disappearance, agriculture 【句意】大约17%的雨林消失是由于农业和畜牧业等人类活动造成的。 28.How would you feel if you’re moving to a new town meant losing t_________ of your friends? 【答案】track 【句意】如果你搬到一个新的城镇意味着失去了与朋友的联系，你会有什么感觉? 29.Millions of people are suffering from starvation as a result of d_________and p_________ harvests. 【答案】drought, poor 【句意】由于干旱和歉收，数百万人正遭受饥饿之苦。 30.Last Friday before dinner, seeing a notice in our community calling on r_________ to perform voluntary service, I decided to help with trash picking. 【答案】residents 【句意】上周五晚饭前，我看到社区里有一个号召居民志愿服务的告示，就决定帮忙捡垃圾。 31.Maybe you have been to many countries, but n_________ else can you find such a beautiful place. 【答案】nowhere 【句意】也许你去过很多国家，但你在别的地方都找不到这么美的地方。 32.Global warming is having a great i________ on hundreds of animal and plant species around the world. 【答案】impact 【句意】全球变暖正在对世界上数百个动植物物种产生重大影响。 33.The c________engineer together with his colleagues has been looking for new scientific methods of farming since five years ago. 【答案】chief 【句意】五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。 34.The c________ connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa. 【答案】continent 【句意】在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。 35.M________ of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake. 【答案】Millions/Masses 【句意】为响应救济地震灾民的呼吁，数百万人/许多人慷慨相助。 36.If we don’t take action, more s________ of animals will be in danger of dying out. 【答案】species 【句意】如果我们不采取行动，更多的物种会处于濒临灭绝的危险之中。 37.At that moment, they felt the earth shaking b________ their feet, beyond  in the distance they heard the crash of falling roofs. 【答案】beneath 【句意】那一刻，他们感受到大地在脚底下晃动；他们听到远处房屋坍塌的声音。 38.The city is developing fast and the s________ is currently under construction. 【答案】subway 【句意】这个城市发展很快，地铁正在建设中。 39.My cousin Jim didn’t behave himself at the party and t________ left a bad impression on the guests. 【答案】thus/therefore 【句意】我的表弟吉姆在聚会上不守规矩，因此给客人留下了不好的印象。 40.More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly i_________ or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. 【答案】impacted 【句意】更多以自然风光为主、人与自然和睦相处的旅游景点，会因为大量游客涌入而受到巨大影响甚至遭到破坏。 二、词性/形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空) 1.Just now Bob ________ in front of us, ________ joyful and his ________ brought much delight to us. As a result, our worry ________ quickly. (appear) 【答案】appeared, appearing, appearance, disappeared 【句意】刚才鲍勃出现在我们面前，看起来高高兴兴的，他的出现给我们带来了很多快乐，因此我们的担心很快就消失了。 2.Embracing ________(globalize)is the best way to bridge the gap between developing countries and developed countries. 【答案】globalization 【句意】拥抱全球化是弥合发展中国家与发达国家之间差距的最佳途径。 3.A ban on some single-use plastics stresses great importance of using ________(recycle) shopping bags in our daily lives. 【答案】recyclable/recycled 【句意】对一些一次性塑料的禁令强调了在我们的日常生活中使用可回收购物袋的重要性。 4.The Internet enables people to keep track of what’s going on ________ and become part of the ________ community.(globe) 【答案】globally, global 【句意】因特网使人们能够追踪世界上发生的一切，成为全球社区的一部分。 5.Its native ________ existed in perfect harmony with their natural ________ for thousands of years.(habitat) 【答案】inhabitants, habitats 【句意】几千年来，这里的居民与自然栖息地和谐相处。 6.The city recorded 18 ________(smog)days in June, a record high over the last 50 years. 【答案】smoggy 【句意】今年6月，这个城市的雾霾天数达到了18天，创50年来的新高。 7.We all need to cut down the use of ________(recycle)plastic which will cause damage to our environment. 【答案】unrecyclable 【句意】我们都需要减少使用不可回收的将对我们的环境造成破坏的塑料。 8.Cixin Liu’s science fiction provides a rich source of material for readers’ ________(imagine)to grow. 【答案】imaginations/imagination 【句意】刘慈欣的科幻小说为读者的想象力成长提供了丰富的素材 9.You’ll need to be a little more ________(imagine)if you want to hold their attention. 【答案】imaginative 【句意】如果你想吸引他们的注意力，你需要更富有想象力一点。 10.Fears are growing for the safety of a teenager who ________ a week ago and his ________ makes his parents feel rather worried. (disappear) 【答案】disappeared, disappearance 【句意】人们越来越担心一周前失踪的少年的安全，他的失踪让他的父母感到非常担心。 11.The boy’s fears were only ________(imagine). 【答案】imaginary 【句意】那个男孩的恐惧只是想象出来的。 12.The government has now carried out strict ________ policies on gas consumption, encouraging people to use a more ________ way to save both energy and money.(economy) 【答案】economic, economical 【句意】政府现在对天然气消费实施了严格的经济政策，鼓励人们使用更经济的方式来节省能源和金钱。 13.In spite of the fact that he was not a trained ________(economy), his achievements were remarkable. 【答案】economist 【句意】尽管他不是一名训练有素的经济学家，但他的成就是非凡的。 14.These technological developments were hardly ________(imagine)30 years ago. 【答案】imaginable 【句意】这些科技新产品在30年前几乎是不可想象的。 15.The design is intended to use space as ________(economy) as possible. 【答案】economically 【句意】该设计旨在尽可能经济地利用空间。 16.He is recognised as one of the greatest painters _________.=He is recognised as one of the greatest _________ painters.(live) 【答案】alive, living 【句意】他被公认为世界上健在的最伟大的画家之一。 17.Though all the performances were ________(live)and entertaining, the impressive Phantom of the Opera proved to be the fan’ favorite. 【答案】lively 【句意】尽管所有的表演都生动有趣，但令人印象深刻的《歌剧魅影》被证明是粉丝们的最爱。 18.The other girls rushed ahead of me. I felt ashamed as I fell ________ and ________ behind.(far) 【答案】farther, farther 【句意】其他女孩跑在我前面。当我越来越落后时，我感到羞愧。 19.For further information about the school, please refer to the ________(office)website. 【答案】official 【句意】有关学校的更多信息，请参考官方网站。 20.The _________(chemistry)mixed(up)some medicine for me. 【答案】chemist 【句意】药剂师给我配了些药。 21.As is known to all, our nation has ________(office)set Sept 3rd as “Victory Day” to mark our victory over Japan in World War II. 【答案】officially 【句意】众所周知，我国已正式将9月3日定为“抗日战争胜利纪念日”，以纪念我们在第二次世界大战中打败日本侵略者。 22.For lack of money, the ________(organize)are now trying to look for more people who can sponsor the exhibition. 【答案】organizers 【句意】由于缺乏资金，组织者正在努力寻找更多的人来赞助这次展览。 23.The beauty of the West Lake is ________(entire)beyond expression. 【答案】entirely 【句意】西湖之美是完全无法用语言表达的。 24.Despite  the opposition from her parents, she was still determined to resign and receive ________(far) training courses, which she thought was worthwhile. 【答案】further 【句意】尽管父母反对，她还是决意辞职去参加进修培训课程，她觉得这是值得的。 25.We must do something to prevent the factories sending out ________(poison)gases so as to keep the city from being polluted. 【答案】poisonous 【句意】我们必须采取措施防止工厂排放有毒气体，以防止城市被污染。 26.The ________(office)is preparing documents for a four-nation ________(region)meeting on elephant conservation. 【答案】official, regional 【句意】这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。 27.If you are using food mostly for ________(nutrient), then you are on the right track with your diet. 【答案】nutrition 【句意】如果你主要用食物来补充营养，那么你的饮食选择是正确的。 28.A diet lacking in _________(nutrient)value will not keep a person healthy. 【答案】nutritional/nutritious 【句意】缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。 29.The two farmers carrying what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy ________(office)to hand in his map. 【答案】officer 【句意】两个拿着似乎是小枪东西的农民迫使敌方军官交出地图。 30.I feel it is ________(absolute)necessary for me to remind him of the meeting today. 【答案】absolutely 【句意】我觉得我很有必要提醒他今天的会议。 31.Whether you are in a speech contest or you are giving a talk in class, a little preparation will make your presentation ________(organize)and dynamic. 【答案】organized 【句意】无论你是参加演讲比赛还是在课堂上演讲，一点点准备都会让你的演讲有条理、有活力。 32.Hope project is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of _________(poor). 【答案】poverty 【句意】希望工程旨在帮助那些因为贫困而辍学的孩子们。 33.It is difficult to figure out a _________(globe)population of polar bears as much of the range has been _________(poor)studied. 【答案】global, poorly 【句意】很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为(人们)对这一领域的研究很少。 34.If done right, there is no doubt that _________(recycle)saves energy and raw materials, and reduces pollution to the environment. 【答案】recycling 【句意】如果正确处理，回收处理将毫无疑问地节省能源与原材料，并减少对环境的污染。 35.MSF is an independent, ________(profit) ________(organize)whose mission is to provide medical care for those affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters or a lack of health care. 【答案】non-profit, organization 【句意】MSF是一个独立的非营利组织，其使命是为那些受冲突、流行病、灾难或缺乏医疗保健影响的人提供医疗服务。 36.It is also the _________(far)object in the solar system to be seen by a telescope.  【答案】farthest/furthest  【句意】它也是太阳系里通过望远镜可以看到的最远的天体。 37.This mass ________(extinct)of our planet’s wildlife is caused by hunting, habitat loss, and pollution. 【答案】extinction 【句意】我们星球上野生动物的大规模灭绝是由狩猎、栖息地丧失和污染造成的。 38.They use special ________(chemistry)to accelerate the growth of crops. 【答案】chemicals 【句意】他们使用特殊的化学品来刺激农作物生长。 39.As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support ________(agriculture)research. 【答案】agricultural 【句意】身为土地之子，他不在乎名利，反而捐赠巨资支持农业研究。 40.It is likely that we may drive great benefits from such releases of genetically engineered ________ (microorganism)into the environment—providing they do what we expect them to. 【答案】organisms 【句意】我们很可能会从这种基因工程生物向环境中的释放中获得巨大的好处，只要它们能做到我们所期望的。 三、短语填空(从“背”一本“短语”栏目中选择恰当的短语填空) 说明：每个短语只能用一次，且选择范围不包括拓展短语。 1.I was almost on the edge of ____________ when my dad ____________ a good way(that/in which)we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse. 【答案】breaking down, came up with 【句意】我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。 2.Working out regularly not only helps ____________ my strength, but also enables me to have a positive attitude towards life. 【答案】build up 【句意】定期锻炼身体不仅增强了我的体力，而且让我对生活有了积极的态度。 3.Tall grasses and trees, dotted the plains, which ____________ the African wildlife we had come to see. 【答案】were alive with 【句意】高大的草地和树木点缀着平原，我们来这里是为了看非洲野生动物。 4.When Chinese people talk about American cities, the first that ____________ is San Francisco. 【答案】comes into their minds 【句意】当中国人谈论美国的城市的时候，进入他们脑海的第一个城市就是旧金山。 5.If you are curious about the history of our school or ____________ its future, you mustn’t pass up this excellent opportunity! 【答案】concerned about 【句意】如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或是关心它的未来，你一定不能错过这个好机会！ 6.The dilemma ____________ at the meeting whether we had raised enough funds for our research. 【答案】came up 【句意】会上提出了一个进退两难的问题：我们是否为研究筹集了足够的资金。 7.____________ several groups, we set out to pick, collect and deliver apples on the farm. 【答案】Divided into 【句意】我们分成几个小组，开始在农场采摘、收集和运送苹果。 8.Regional cultural differences vary greatly among the different regions of China, only ____________ the different styles of food. 【答案】giving rise to 【句意】中国不同地区的文化差异很大，导致了不同种类的食物。 9.She is very patient with her students because she knows that teaching ____________ patience and devotion. 【答案】calls for 【句意】她对学生很有耐心，因为她知道教学需要耐心和奉献精神。 10.Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth... these are ____________ fight. 【答案】one and the same 【句意】拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长……这些是同一场战斗。 11.When it comes to ancient Chinese detectives, the name Di Renjie, a famous judge and administrator of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), often ____________. 【答案】springs to mind 【句意】说到中国古代侦探，人们常常会想到唐朝(618-907)著名的法官和行政长官狄仁杰。 12.She managed to get over her shyness, which, ____________, helped her to get promoted. 【答案】in turn 【句意】她设法克服了羞怯，这反过来又帮助她获得了提升。 13.Because of a lack of protection, these endangered animals are ____________ dying out. 【答案】in danger of 【句意】由于缺乏保护，这些濒临灭绝的动物有灭绝的危险。 14.Her talent in music and passion for art have gone ____________, leading to her tremendous success in this field . 【答案】hand in hand 【句意】她在音乐方面的才华与对艺术的热爱齐头并进，使她在这个领域取得了巨大的成功。 15.I could open a book and see meanings, not just ____________ words. 【答案】a sea of 【句意】我可以翻开一本书，看到它的意义，而不仅仅是大量的词。 16.In the past, Sam fell behind his fellow students in his study __________ laziness, but now he has made up his mind to catch up with them. 【答案】due to 【句意】过去，由于懒惰，山姆在学习上落后于他的同学，但现在他已下定决心要赶上他们。 17.I didn’t ____________ his mistake so that he might not lose face in front of his students. 【答案】point out 【句意】我没有指出他的错误，以便他可以不在他的学生面前丢脸。 18.I strongly a appeal to everyone to ____________ this contest, where a wealth of knowledge will be harvested. 【答案】sign up for 【句意】我强烈呼吁每个人都报名参加这个比赛，在那里你将收获丰富的知识。 19.There is no point in advising him to ____________ the bad habit of staying up late. He is so stubborn. 【答案】get rid of 【句意】劝他改掉熬夜的坏习惯是没有意义的。他太固执了。 20.The tourism boom helps to protect and ____________ the ancient village. 【答案】breathe life into 【句意】旅游业的繁荣有助于保护这个古老的村落，并为其注入活力。 四、核心词汇(根据要求完成相关任务) 1. harm 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Sugar is ________ to our health, but eating it too much is ________ to our health, that is to say, eating too much sugar does ________ to our health. 【答案】harmless, harmful, harm 【解析】分析句子结构可知，第一空为形容词作表语，harm的形容词harmless意为“无害的”符合句意，所以此处使用harmless；第二空为形容词作表语，harm的形容词harmful意为“有害的”符合句意，所以此处使用harmful；第三空为名词作宾语，harm本身为名词，意为“危害”且固定短语do harm to意为“对……有害”符合句意，所以此处使用harm。句意：糖对我们的健康是无害的，但是吃得太多对我们的健康是有害的，也就是说，吃太多的糖对我们的健康是有害的。 ②April Fool’s Day is a traditional festival —when people play _________(harm)jokes on others. 【答案】harmless 【解析】句意：愚人节是一个传统节日，人们会对别人开一些无害的玩笑。根据句意填harmless无害的。 完成句子 ③他可能看上去很凶，但他并无恶意。 He may look fierce, but he ______________ . 【答案】means no harm ④这不仅会对他们的汉语学习造成很大的伤害，也会对他们未来的英语学习造成很大的伤害。 This will _____________________ their Chinese learning ___________ their future English learning. 【答案】do/cause a lot of harm not only to, but also to ⑤从那以后，他没有受到任何伤害。 _______________________ him ever since. 【答案】No harm has been done to ⑥沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙，发言稿) Being addicted to online games ____________________ our physical and mental health.Therefore, ________ _______________ it. 【答案】is harmful to/does harm to, there is no harm(in)getting rid of ⑦这个事件没有损害他的名誉/形象。 This event ___________________________.  【答案】didn’t harm/wasn’t harmful to his reputation/image 2. length 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The _________ of the article should be limited to 400 words or so. 【答案】length 【解析】定冠词the后面跟名词。句意：文章的长度应限制在400词左右。 ②She goes to extraordinary ________ to keep her private life private. 【答案】lengths 【解析】形容词extraordinary后接名词形式，作宾语。length为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式，故填lengths。句意：她竭尽全力不让别人知道她的私生活。 ③Schools have been ________ the school day to raise test marks, which can be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days. 【答案】lengthening 【解析】此处缺少谓语，主动语态，结合have been应该用现在完成进行时，have been lengthening。句意：学校延长教学时间来提高学生的成绩，要是在天热的时候，需要开空调这样的做法可能会花费更多的钱。 ④There was a ________ silence before she spoke. 【答案】long 【解析】修饰名词，用形容词，故填long。句意：沉默了很长时间她才开口。 完成句子 ⑤我们应该不遗余力地用各种有效的方法来解决这些问题。 We should ________________________ these problems with various effective means. 【答案】go to great lengths/spare no effort to to solve ⑥这项工作不容易完成，但是他最终设法完成了。 The work was not easy to finish, but he ________________. 【答案】managed to complete it at length ⑦他刚刚租的房子大约长9米，三米宽。 The room he has just rent is ___________________________. 【答案】about 9 meters long/in length and 3 meters wide ⑧一个碰巧看到这一交通事故的过路人被带到警察局，详细描述事故的经过。 A passer-by who happened to see the traffic accident was taken to the police station _______________. 【答案】to describe it at length/in detail ⑨你是一个女孩儿，得和男孩儿保持一定的距离。 You are a girl and you should ________________________.  【答案】 keep boys at arm’s length 3. variety 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①So rich/abundant are the educational resources that those loving learning can have free access to _________ courses and learn everything without going out. 【答案】various/varied 【解析】修饰名词courses，前用形容词形式。根据句意，故填various/varied。句意：互联网教育资源丰富，爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程，足不出户，学遍天下。 ②The sort of music he listens to ________, but tends towards popular music. 【答案】varies 【解析】主语为the sort of music为单数，he listens to为定语从句，句中缺谓语，故填varies。句意：他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。 ③The crop scientists found the ________ of wheat restricted not only by the type of soil but also by the climate. 【答案】varieties 【解析】the varieties of种种的，各种各样的。句意：农作物科学家发现，小麦品种不仅受土壤类 型的限制，而且受气候的限制。 ④It is essential that your diet is ________ and balanced. 【答案】varied 【解析】与balanced为并列关系，故把过去分词varied 作形容词用，作表语。句意：极其重要的 是你的饮食要多样化，并保持均衡。 ⑤Farmers already adapt to ________(vary)weather by changing their planting schedules. 【答案】variable 【解析】修饰名词weather用形容词，故填variable可变的，变化无常的。句意：农民们已经通过改变种植计划来适应多变的天气。 完成句子 ⑥报纸上有各种各样的文章，从政治到娱乐不等。 ____________________ articles in newspaper, which _______________________. 【答案】There are varieties of, vary/range from politics to entertainment ⑦我们将举办各种各样的课外活动，从英语角到文学俱乐部，我们学生可以从中获得不同的体验。 ____________________ will be held, ______________________, ______________ we students can get _________________. 【答案】A variety of/Varieties of after-class activities, varying from the English corner to the literature club from which, various/varied experiences ⑧西红柿的价格随季节而变化。 The price of tomatoes _______________________. 【答案】varies with the season ⑨超市里的商品大小、颜色和价格各不相同。 The goods in the supermarket ___________________ . 【答案】vary in size, colour and price ⑩尽量使孩子们的学校生活多样化，他们才不会感到厌烦。 Try to ________________________ so that they won’t get bored. 【答案】vary the children’s school life 4. mass 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Above that is the ________ of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 【答案】mass 【解析】定冠词the后面跟名词。句意：往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。 ②The advertisement was designed to target a ________ audience. 【答案】mass 【解析】名词修饰名词。句意：这个广告是针对大众的。 ③Shortly after suffering from a ________(mass)earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look. 【答案】massive 【句意】空处修饰名词earthquake，应用形容词massive“巨大的”，作定语。句意：在遭受大地震并沦为废墟后不久，这座城市呈现出新的面貌。 ④He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of the ________(mass). 【答案】masses 【句意】根据句子结构分析可知，设空处位于介词of之后，应用名词，表示“大众”时，常用复数形式masses。句意：他很受富人的欢迎，但没能赢得大众的支持。 完成句子 ⑤那个地区的大多数人都热爱和平。 ________________ in that region ________ fond of peace. 【答案】The mass/most of people, are ⑥大量的证据表明，事故的主要原因是他的粗心大意，大量的市民赞成这个想法。 ________________ show that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and _______________ is in favour of this idea. 【答案】Masses of evidence, a mass of citizens ⑦在过去的十年里，大量的栖息地被破坏，这威胁到许多生物的生存。 In the past ten years, which threatens many creatures’ existence. 【答案】masses of /a mass of habitats have been destroyed 5. survive 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The only way for us ________ is to coexist harmoniously with nature. 【答案】to survive 【解析】the way后面跟不定式作定语。句意：我们要活下来，唯一的办法就是与自然和谐共处。 ②Positive attitude, clear mind and ________ skills will save your life and we promise you will not feel disappointed. 【答案】survival 【解析】形容词修饰名词， survival“赖以生存的”。句意：积极的态度，清晰的头脑和生存技能将拯救你的生命，我们保证你不会感到失望。 ③Exporting is necessary for our economic _________. 【答案】survival 【解析】形容词economic修饰名词， survival生存。句意：出口对我们的经济生存是必要的。 ④Dogs, which are our best friends, are often used to search for _________ in an earthquake. 【答案】survivors 【解析】用名词作动词短语的宾语，survivor“幸存者”为可数名词，这里要用复数。句意：狗是人类最好的朋友，它们也经常被用来在地震中寻找幸存者。 完成句子 ⑤她告诉记者她在被掩埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。 She told the reporter that she had to _____________________ during the days when she was buried. 【答案】survive on/by little food ⑥这对夫妇在那场事故中幸存下来，但他们是仅有的两名幸存者。他们为自己的幸存感到幸运。他们主 要靠丈夫的收入生活。最后，丈夫比妻子多活了10年。 The couple __________________, but they were the only two ________. They felt lucky for their ________. They _____________________ the husband’s income. Finally, the husband ____________________ . 【答案】survived the accident, survivors, survival, survived mainly on, survived his wife by 10 years ⑦面对全球经济萧条，这家公司正在想办法逃脱这场危机。 Faced with the global economic depression, the company is taking measures ______________________. 【答案】to survive from the crisis ⑧这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者。 The little girl was ____________________________ the strong earthquake. 【答案】the only survivor who survived ⑨我们试图靠自己生存。 We are trying __________________________. 【答案】to survive on our own ⑩全球变暖对像北极熊等动物的生存构成了严重威胁。 Global warming has posed ________________________ of animals such as polar bears. 【答案】a serious threat to the survival 6. damage 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①However, dangerous conditions and ________ roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 【答案】damaged 【解析】damaged adj.被损坏的。句意：然而，危险的条件和损坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。 ②It ________ partly by natural forces like earthquakes, but the greatest damage of all has been caused by man. 【答案】has been damaged 【解析】主语与谓语构成被动关系，所以空格处的谓语动词应该用被动语态；根据句中的“but the greatest damage of all has been caused by man”可知，空格处的谓语动词应该用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果；主语为It，助动词用has。故填has been damaged。句意：它的破坏部分是由地震等自然力量造成的，但最大的破坏是人为造成的。 完成句子 ③沉迷网络游戏对我们的健康有害。 Being addicted to online games _________________________. 【答案】does/causes damage to our health/damages our health/is harmful to our health ④虚假广告欺骗消费者，因此对他们的合法权利和利益造成了损害。 False advertisements play tricks on consumers, ____________________ their legal rights and interests. 【答案】thus causing/doing/resulting in damage to ⑤他建议我买一部新手机，因为旧的那部已经损坏得无法修理了。 He suggested me buy a new phone because the old one _________________________________. 【答案】has been damaged/has been caused(done)damage to beyond repair ⑥保险单内容不包括正常使用所导致的损坏。 The insurance policy does not cover ________________ normal wear and tear. 【答案】damage caused by ⑦强台风的袭击会使这些平台遭受不同程度的损伤，甚至毁坏。 These platforms ____________________________ the super typhoon and ____________. 【答案】suffer various degree damage from, are even destroyed 7. application 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①I would appreciate it if my ________ could get your approval. 【答案】application 【解析】形容词性物主代词后面跟名词。句意：如果你同意我的申请，我将非常感激。 ②To my delight/What delighted me was that, I was chosen from hundreds of _______ to attend the opening ceremony of the 2026 Olympic Winter Games. 【答案】applicants 【解析】受hundreds of的修饰用名词复数，这里指人。句意：令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加2026年冬奥会的开幕式。 完成句子 ③申请新工作时每个人都应该填写申请表。 Everyone should ______________________ when ___________________. 【答案】fill in an application form, applying for a new job ④他申请部门高级管理员职位，但申请未获批准。 He ___________________ as a senior administrator of the department, but his ____________________. 【答案】applied for the position, application was not approved ⑤我写这封信是为了申请学校为促进中英文化交流而正在组织的中式工坊活动。 ______________________ the Chinese workshop activity ____________________ by the school as part of promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK. 【答案】I am writing to apply for, that is being organized ⑥你不应该向公司申请这个职位。 You shouldn’t _____________________________. 【答案】apply to the company for the position ⑦我们老师被鼓励把现代科技应用到课堂教学中去。 We teachers are encouraged ________________________. 【答案】to apply/adapt modern technology to classroom teaching ⑧如果你不专心致志工作，你总有一天会被甩在后面。 If you don’t __________________, you will be left behind one day. 【答案】apply/devote(yourself) to work/apply your mind to work 8. protest 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The poster put up on the wall shows the ________ against illegal hunting. 【答案】protest 【解析】定冠词后面跟名词。句意：张贴在墙上的海报表达了对非法捕猎的抗议。 ②There is little indication those ________ will leave the building peacefully.  【答案】Protesters 【解析】protester抗议者，又前面有those，故用其复数形式。句意：几乎没有迹象表明那些抗议者会和平地离开那幢大楼。 完成句子 ③医院员工举行罢工以示抗议这几起事件。 Staff at the hospital went on strike ______________________ the incidents. 【答案】in protest at /to protest against(at)/to make a protest against ④这里的所有领导都喜欢他，因为他是一个愿意心甘情愿地执行命令的人。 All the leaders here like him because he is a person who is willing to ________________________. 【答案】carry out orders without protest ⑤圣诞节前夕孩子们极不乐意睡觉。 The children __________________ on Christmas Eve ________________. 【答案】will go to bed under protest 9. profit 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①It is less costly and _________ to maintain a relationship with an existing customer than it is to establish a new one. 【答案】profitable 【句意】空处和形容词costly并列作表语，应填形容词，profitable“有利润的，有益的”，形容词。句意：与建立新客户相比，维持与现有客户的关系成本更低，更有利润。 ②Most of that money goes to ________ organizations that run programmes for the poor. 【答案】non-profit 【解析】既然是扶贫，那肯定是(non-profit)非营利性的组织。句意：那笔钱的大部分用于从事扶贫项目的非营利性组织。 ③ Recycled in a scientific way, the kind of rubbish can bring huge ________. 【答案】profits 【解析】profit利润。句意：用科学的方法回收，这种垃圾可以带来巨大的利润。 ④Quality products make an important contribution to long-term revenue and ________, so we can’t speed up production at the expense of quality. 【答案】profitability 【句意】profitability n.盈利。句意：高质量的产品对长期的收入和盈利能力有重要的贡献，所以我们不能以牺牲质量来加快生产。 完成句子 ⑤运动对于各年龄段的人都很有益。 Exercise _______________ people of all ages. 【答案】is profitable for ⑥近年来，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作，以谋求利润。 In recent years many football clubs have been run as business to _____________________. 【答案】make a profit/make profits ⑦在面试之前对该公司作些了解可能对你有用。 It might ____________________ the company before your interview. 【答案】profit you to learn about ⑧所有的孩子都可以从这些故事中获益。 All children can ________________________. 【答案】profit from(by)/benefit from these stories ⑨他们尝试了几种方法来降低成本以获得更多的利润。 They tried several ways to have the cost reduced __________________. 【答案】to make more profits 10. defence/defense 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①They explained that these were purely ________ weapons, not designed for attack. 【答案】defensive 【解析】修饰名词weapons用形容词defensive防御性的。句意：他们解释说，这些武器纯粹是防御性武器，而不是为攻击而设计的。 ②Humour is a more effective _________ than violence. 【答案】defence 【解析】形容词effective修饰名词defence。句意：幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。 ③He claimed that he had seen the _________ escape from the scene of the crime. 【答案】defendant 【解析】defendant被告。句意：他声称看到被告逃离了犯罪现场。 完成句子 ④我们为他的行为作了充分的辩护。 We said much ________________________. 【答案】in defence of his action ⑤每个人都应该学会利用合法的手段保护自己。 Everyone should learn how to _________________________________.  【答案】defend himself by the lawful means ⑥我和妻子试图用胡椒喷雾来保护自己不受北极熊的袭击。 My wife and I attempted to use pepper spray to ___________________________ by the polar bear. 【答案】defend ourselves from/against being attacked 11. consequence 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①All these opinions make sense, and ________ it is hard to choose the best of them.  【答案】consequently 【解析】此处用副词consequently(因此、所以)作状语，修饰后面句子。句意：所有意见都有道理，因此很难说哪个是最好的。 ②This is an example of how the abuse of public trust in the media can have serious ________. 【答案】consequences 【解析】consequence为可数名词，此处前面没有冠词，故填consequences。句意：这是一个例子， 说明滥用公众对媒体的信任会造成严重的后果。 完成句子 ③本来没有什么了不起的事，他们却看得很重。 They ____________________ things that are _________________. 【答案】attach importance to, are of little/no consequence ④由于受伤，他不得不放弃这场比赛，这很令人沮丧。 ____________________________, he had to give up this competition, which was depressing. 【答案】As a consequence of his injury He was injured, and as a consequence/in consequence/as a result/consequently ⑤多亏了您的慷慨帮助，我的英语水平提高了很多。因此，我确实从心底感激您的帮助。 __________________, my English has improved a lot. _________________, I do appreciate your help from the bottom of my heart. 【答案】Thanks to/Due to your generous help, As a consequence/Consequently/In consequence/As a result ⑥虽然这种情况引起了不良的后果，但是最终还是想到了好办法。 This _______________________, but a good idea ____________ in time. 【答案】gave rise/birth to bad consequences, sprang to mind 五、句型仿写 1.这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our new school is _________________ what it was ten years ago. 【答案】is three times as large as is twice larger than is three times the size of 2.自1996年以来，这个小镇已经发展成为一个现代化的大城市，比过去大了四倍多。 The little town has grown into a modern big city since 1996 and ____________________________. 【答案】is more than four times as big as what it used to be 3.一些年轻人，其中绝大多数受过良好教育，选择在大学毕业后创业。 Some young people, _______________________ , chose to start up in business after graduation from university. 【答案】the most of whom/of whom the most were well-educated 4.当我遇到困难时我父亲是我会求助的第一个人。 My father is the first person _________________ when I meet difficulties. 【答案】to whom I will turn for help/whom(who)I will turn to for help 5.海滩离我家很近，从那里我们可以看到远处的群山。 The beach is within walking distance of my house, ___________________________. 【答案】from where we can see the distant mountains 6.我真希望在你昨天离开之前有机会和你谈谈我的作品。 I do wish _________________________ with you before you left yesterday. 【答案】I had had a chance to talk about my work 7.我在伦敦的时候你给了我很多帮助，我希望我能给你一些东西作为回报。 You gave me so much help when I was in London. I wish ________________________. 【答案】I could give you something in return 8.如果你去听讲座的话，我也去。 If you attend the lecture, ________________. 【答案】so will I 9.“我再也不会来这家餐厅了。食物太糟糕了！”“我也不会。” —I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! —_____________________. 【答案】Neither/Nor would I 10.“我的儿子是一名志愿者，经常帮助残疾人。”“我的儿子也是，他们真了不起。” —My son is a volunteer and often helps the disabled． —_______________. They’re really something． 【答案】So it is(the same)with my son 11.“你出去时忘了带钱包。”“天哪，我确实忘了(带钱包)” —You forgot your purse when you went out. —Good heavens, _________________. 【答案】so I did 12.这本书是以学生的生活为基础的，难怪这么受青少年欢迎。 This book is based on/upon the life of the students. _________________________. 【答案】No wonder/It is no wonder that it is so popular with the teenagers 13.我相信，只有我们共同努力，我们的明天才会更加美好。 __________________________ only with our joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow. 【答案】It is my firm belief that 14.很遗憾，格林一家人堵在路上，错过了航班。 ___________________ the Greens were stuck in traffic and missed their flight. 【答案】It was a pity that 15.对我来说，帮助孩子们改掉坏习惯是一项具有挑战性的工作。 ___________________________________________ of their bad habits. 【答案】It is a challenging job for me to help the children to cure/get rid of 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$