Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. 知识梳理与中考精练 2023-2024学年人教新目标八年级英语下册

Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. 1、 动词短语小结 常见短语动词结构有下面几种： 1. 动词+副词   如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜     这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。 2.  动词+介词  如：listen of 听 look at 看  belong to 属于 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。 3.  动词+副词+介词  如：come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽 4. 动词+名词(介词)  如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住 二、常考动词短语 1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作如：cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫 2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 home n. 家 3. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能 4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj. 生病的 作表语，不能作定语 5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n. 志愿者 6. come up with=think up 提出想出 catch up with 赶上追上 7. put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴 8. write down 写下 记下 9. call up 打电话 make a telephone call 10. set up 成立建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。 11. each 每个各自的强调第一个人或事物的个别情况常与of 连用 every每个每一个的一切的则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用 12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用 They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用 13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English help do 帮助做某事 help study 14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。 15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。 spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English 16. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如 take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 17. run out 与 run out of ①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 ②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。 两者在一定条件下可以互换 如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了 = We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 = We are running out of time 18. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 be similar to 与..相像 take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 19. work out v. + adj. ①结局，结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。 ②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。 I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。 20. hang out 闲荡闲逛 I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。 21. be able to do 能会 be unable to do 不能不会 22. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如：thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我 23. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问 You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。 24. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充… She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。 25. （1）hand out 分发 hand out bananas （2）give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人 （3） give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟 （4） give away 赠送捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids （5）give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 （6） give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线 26. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境) I can’t work out this math problem. 我不能算出这道数学问题， Please help me out. 请你帮我解决。 27. train n. 火车 train v. 训练 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事 She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。 28. at once = right away 立刻马上如：Do it at once. 马上去做。 I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。 29. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。 Someday I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。 30. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能 三、考点 1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语 Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别ill】ill与sick同义； 但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来 The good news cheered up everyone in ourclass. 3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out， The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人 。 4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事） volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth. 过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。 6.alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩： The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。 The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料…… care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的 【副词】carefully 仔细地 8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 such an exciting match多么 精彩的比赛 such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions多么重要的建议 such delicious food多么美味的食物 【注】如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for…参加…选拔，争取成为… Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用，试验 10.journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip 【名词】多指短途旅行；travel 【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者 11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 【复习】try doing sth.试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.)尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./sth. 担心某人、某事 14. raise money集资，筹钱； raise money for…为……筹钱 raise【动词】举起；提高；募集 15. keep【动词】 keep+名词，保留（某物）； keep+形容词，保持 16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。 17.make it possible (for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为可能， You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为…； think/find it +形容词to do sth. 18. make a difference to…对……有影响；对……有作用 difference前可以用no,any, some, much等修饰， 如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty 【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数； have difficulty (in) doing sth.=have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog 21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 ， Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】excited意 兴奋的，修饰人；exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。 22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序 【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。 23. change【动词】变化，改变It’s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱change A for B用A换成B： When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. 24. repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 四、重点句子 1．We can’t put off making a plan.Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。 2．She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school.她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用 3．Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。 4．The three students plan to set upa student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。 5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes. 他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。 6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他想出的这个办法很效。 8．We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。 9．You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。 10．He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。 写作指导： 典例剖析 请以“Build a Harmonious Society(构建和谐社会)”为题,用英语给全校学生写一份倡议书,70个词左右。倡议书中要包含以下内容: 1.热爱祖国;2.努力学习,积极参加学校活动;3.尊老爱幼,多做义工帮助他们,如去儿童医院看望生病的孩子,去敬老院看望老人等;4.节约能源,保护环境。 审题指导 1.在写倡议书时,要尽量使用具有号召性的语句以达到预期目的,同时可将本单元的重点短语和句型灵活运用到习作中。 2.材料中提到了四方面的内容,要有层次、有条理地展开叙述,可用上一些恰当的过渡语句。 模板展示 称呼 Boys and girls, 提出倡议 As students, we should do something to support it. 倡议的具体内容 Firstly,...Secondly,...Thirdly,...Fourthly... 发出号召,升华主题 Let's start right now and... 佳作评析 Build a Harmonious Society Boys and girls, Our government is working on building a “Harmonious Society". As students , we should do something to support it. Firstly , we should love our motherland and take pride in it. Secondly, we should try our best to work hard and grow into useful people in the future. We can also take an active part in our school's activities. Thirdly , we should respect the old and love the young. We can work as volunteers to help them. For example, we could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. We could also visit the old people's home. The old people there need our help. Fourthly , we should save energy and protect the environment to make our country more and more beautiful. Let's start right now and make a contribution to the harmonious society. 高效分层训练 一、单项选择。 ( )1. The kitchen is dirty. Please___________ A. clean it up B. clean up it C. clean them up D.clean up them ( )2.He volunteered____________the sick in the past three years. A. help B. will help C. to help D. helping ( )3.We should____________animals. They are our friends. A. care for B. hand out C. give out D. call up ( )4. He used to ___________a teacher, but now he is a reporter. A. is B. will be C. be D.was ( )5.-Excuse me. Could you please tell me ___________my car? -Sure. Park it right here. I'll help you. A. where to stop B. where to park C.where stop D. where park ( )6. The world’s population is getting larger and larger, so scientists will have to____________with new ways to solve the problem. A. catch up B. come up C. keep up D. make up 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They will give away some wheel chairs to ___________ ( disable) people. 2. My sister Anna has many____________(interest) and hobbies. 3. You can't imagine_____________(jump) down. It's scary. 4. A good education can make a great ____________( different ) to everyone. 5.I am ___________(excite) to get a pet. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.吉姆像他的父亲。 Jim_____________________________his father. 2.你可以帮我修手表吗? Can you help me ______________________my watch? 3.我们需要建立一所新学校。 We need ______________________a new school. 4.她学好数学有困难。 She ______________________learning math well. 对接中考训练： ( )1.(广西柳州中考)He ran as fast as he could ____________the bus but he failed. A. catch B. to catch C. caught ( )2.(广东省中考)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important____________a peaceful world. A. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build 3.(江苏连云港中考)根据所给汉语和句子意思，用英语补全句子。 It is important for us__________________________________(学会如何表达)our sincere thanks to others. ( )4.(四川广元中考)We'd better____________our sports meeting because it's going to rain. A. put on B. put up C. put off ( )5.(吉林省中考)We always_____________our classroom every Friday afternoon. A. clean up B. put up C. use up ( )6.(山东临沂中考)Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and____________the money to a children's home. A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out ( )7.(云南省中考)We're very ______________about the graduation ceremony next Saturday. We can't wait to be there. A. boring B. bored C. excited D. exciting 题型解读 完形填空解题技巧(二) 语法分析法 完形填空中也有考查语法知识的题目。我们不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析,并思考短文中所设空格要填的词句在句中作什么成分、用哪类词合适、应采取什么形式等,从而迅速解决问题。比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、非谓语形式、及物或不及物、延续性动词或非延续性动词、主谓搭配等一系列的问题。熟练地掌握语法基础知识并运用其进行分析以解答完形填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。 (湖北黄冈中考)Zhang Peng is a Chinese driver in Xi'an. When he checked the online wallet of his WeChat app(微信应用软件),he saw that one of his passengers has paid 6,500 yuan for a 36______________ pay. That meant the passenger paid about $ 950,but in fact,the passenger only needed to pay $ 9.50. ... When he 40 ______________to call the four foreign passengers,Zhang Peng directly went to the hotel again where he had dropped them off. Then in the hotel he 41______________what had happened to the waiter at the front desk. Just at that time,the traveler 42 ______________ made the payment came downstairs. She was 43 ______________to hear about her mistake. It was her first time to visit the Chinese city,and she said that it was also her first time 44_______________the app's online payment function(在线付费功能)to pay for the ride. 36. A.65 yuan B.65-yuan C.65-yuans D. the 65th yuan 40.A.succeeded  B.forgot  C.regretted  D.failed 41.A.explained  B.asked  C.understood  D.suggested 42.A.whom B.who C.whose D. which 43.A.interested  B.glad  C.angry  D.surprised 44. A.use B.using C. used D. to use 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$