必修第二册Unit 4 History and Traditions（人与社会：历史、社会与文化)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

必修第二册Unit 4 History and Traditions（人教版2019） 人与社会：历史、社会和文化 单元引言解读 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. —Marcus Garvey 释义：本单元的名人名言意为“一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树”。通过类比，形象地阐明了历史起源及其所蕴含文化的重要性 启示：历史是一个民族兴衰更替的见证；历史就像一面镜子，无论正确与否，它都可以给予客观的、真实的评价；历史凝聚着古代先贤的智慧。历史是照亮人类未来行程的智慧之光，对于社会和个人的发展具有重要的指导意义。学习历史可以增强文化认同感，重建民族自信心；学习历史可以形成正确的人生观和价值观。 名言名句积累 人与社会：历史、社会和文化 1．Histories make men wise. 读史使人明智。 2．History is a mirror that illuminates reality and the future. 历史是一面镜子，它照亮现实和未来。 3．Our history is an invaluable legacy and deserves our pride. 我们的历史是一份无比珍贵的遗产，是值得我们自豪的。 4．Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3000 BC in China, it was not until the mid­17th century in the UK that appeared the concept of “afternoon tea”. 虽然中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年，但是直到17世纪中期英国才出现“下午茶”的概念。 5．Knowing that you're interested in the traditional Chinese culture and keen on learning more about it, I'm writing to offer my recommendation. 我知道你对中国传统文化很感兴趣，也热衷于了解更多的中国文化，所以我写信向你推荐。 6．Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages. 孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的圣人。 7．Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history. 郑和是明朝的一位探险家，他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物。 8．We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and culture of other countries. 我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。 9．What I'd like to introduce to you is Niangao, which is one of the most popular and typical dishes eaten during the Spring Festival. 我想给大家介绍的是年糕，它是春节期间所吃的最受欢迎、最典型的菜肴之一。 10．First, we were amazed to learn about the origin of the Hakka culture and the development of the Hakka history. 首先，我们惊奇地了解了客家文化的起源和客家历史的发展。 时文拓展阅读 Cookbooks Show American Culture Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in 1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works. And, the literature offers more than just recipes. Megan Elias is the director of food studies at Boston University and the writer of Food on the Page: Cookbooks and American Culture. She says that cookbooks do help teach us how to prepare food. But they provide more than that, too. "The concept of meals, how many meals a day that people expect to eat? What do they expect to have in those meals?" Elias said. Despite the widespread availability of online recipes, print cookbooks, often with beautiful photographs inside, continue to sell well. They also inform readers about discoveries, equipment and technology related to food making. Elias said, "What are the objects that are necessary to make the things and what exists? So, are you being asked to do something over an open fire or are you being asked to use an electric stove? Is it something that can be done in the microwave? If you see a lot of recipes for things that are preserved for pickles, you know that you are looking at a time without refrigeration." Amy Bentley is a food historian at New York University. She said that cookbooks from the 1800s were used as lifestyle and household guides. They include food recipes, but they were not central to the books back then. "So, there's some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent or what to do when your child has been poisoned, how to clean, how to get stains out," Bentley said. American Cookery by Amelia Simmons is the first cookbook published in the United States. Simmons wrote that her goal with the book was to improve the new generation of women in the U.S. Megan Elias says that after the Civil War, cookbooks became more diverse. Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work. Elias said that Southern cookbooks tried to offer "... a beautiful version of the old South that will kind of heal over the wounds of the Civil War rather than dealing with the problems that caused the Civil War to begin with." Some communities would put together a group cookbook to raise money. These cookbooks provide a look into what the American middle class was eating throughout the years. Such works serve as a record of the traditions and interests of different neighborhoods and groups. Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity's growth in knowledge, trends and innovations. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria. Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators became common objects in American homes. The threat of bacterial infection from food dropped, and very soon, cooks adapted to the new conditions. New recipes and new cookbooks resulted. But cookbooks are not complete reflections of American life. Elias said publishing companies mostly control cookbook content. And, their main goal is to make money from book sales. "The publishing world doesn't necessarily have the goal of representing the truth of Americans who made it. It tends to be upper middle class, white, Northeastern." In the 21st century, with the growth of social media and food websites, publishing companies have less control. These new ways to share recipes have led to more open discussions about food and cooking. This gives the public more choices and power. Elias praised the new discussions around food. "If you look at the comments on food blogs and on any kind of recipe site, you really get to see what people are cooking, and what they think of how they're cooking, and how they think of themselves as experts." Physical cookbooks are still highly desirable as well, Bentley says. "They're very good to give as gifts. They're very, very popular because they're sort of neutral. And everyone loves a cookbook, especially with beautiful pages," she said. 【译文欣赏】 烹饪书展示美国文化 你对食物、美国历史和英语感兴趣吗？如果是这样，美国烹饪书在这三个主题上都提供了广泛的信息。第一本于1796年出版，开创了一个在21世纪继续存在的市场，即此类作品的在线出版物。而且，文献提供的不仅仅是食谱。 梅根·埃利亚斯是波士顿大学食品研究主任，著有《页面上的食物：烹饪书和美国文化》。她说烹饪书确实有助于教我们如何准备食物。但它们也提供了更多。 埃利亚斯说：“膳食的概念，人们一天要吃多少餐？他们希望在这些餐中吃什么？”。 尽管在线食谱广泛可用，但通常附有精美照片的印刷食谱仍然卖得很好。 他们还向读者介绍与食品制造相关的发现、设备和技术。 埃利亚斯说：“制造这些东西所必需的物体是什么，存在什么？那么，你是被要求在明火上做点什么，还是被要求使用电炉？这可以在微波炉里做吗？如果你看到很多腌制泡菜的食谱，你就知道你正在寻找一个没有冷藏的时间。” 艾米·本特利是纽约大学的食品历史学家。她说，19世纪的烹饪书被用作生活方式和家庭指南。它们包括食物食谱，但在当时并不是书籍的核心。 本特利说：“所以，有一些食物食谱，但也可能是清洁溶剂的食谱，或者当你的孩子中毒时该怎么办，如何清洁，如何去除污渍。”。 Amelia Simmons的《美国烹饪》是美国出版的第一本烹饪书。西蒙斯写道，她写这本书的目的是提高美国新一代女性的地位。 梅根·埃利亚斯说，内战后，烹饪书变得更加多样化。作家们开始在他们的作品中探索当地的食物和习俗。 埃利亚斯说，南方烹饪书试图提供“……一个美丽的旧南方版本，它将治愈内战的创伤，而不是处理导致内战开始的问题。” 一些社区会出版一本集体烹饪书来筹集资金。这些烹饪书让我们了解了美国中产阶级多年来的饮食情况。这些作品记录了不同社区和群体的传统和兴趣。 多年来，烹饪书标志着人类在知识、趋势和创新方面的增长。例如，在19世纪末，许多食谱都了解了含有细菌的食物的危险。然后，在20世纪30年代，冰箱成为美国家庭的常见物品。食物中细菌感染的威胁下降了，很快，厨师们就适应了新的环境。新的食谱和新的烹饪书应运而生。 但烹饪书并不能完全反映美国人的生活。埃利亚斯说，出版公司大多控制着烹饪书的内容。而且，他们的主要目标是从图书销售中赚钱。 “出版界不一定有代表美国人真相的目标。它往往是中上层阶级、白人、东北人。” 21世纪，随着社交媒体和食品网站的增长，出版公司的控制力越来越小。这些分享食谱的新方式引发了关于食物和烹饪的更公开的讨论。这给了公众更多的选择和权力。 埃利亚斯赞扬了围绕食物的新讨论。 “如果你看看食品博客和任何一种食谱网站上的评论，你真的会看到人们在做什么，他们对自己的烹饪方式有什么看法，以及他们如何把自己看作专家。” 宾利说，实体烹饪书仍然非常受欢迎。她说：“它们非常适合作为礼物赠送。它们非常非常受欢迎，因为它们有点中性。每个人都喜欢烹饪书，尤其是那些漂亮的页面。”。 【词汇积累】 literature — n. written works that are considered to be very good and to have lasting importance 文学 recipe — n. a set of instructions for cooking a specific food, including a list of the ingredients required 食谱 concept — n. an idea of what something is or how it works 概念 microwave — n. an oven that uses very short wave of electromagnetic energy to cook food 微波炉 preserved — adj. to describe something kept in its original state or in good condition保存的 solvent — n. a liquid used for breaking down other substances溶剂 stain — n. a mark made on a surface or a piece of clothing that is very hard or impossible to remove污点；污渍 reflect — v. to mirror or show an aspect of something 反射，反映 innovation — n. the act or process of introducing new ideas, devices, or methods 创新 neutral — adj. not having positive, negative, or other characterizations based on a person's likes or dislikes.中立的 【知识拓展】 《烹饪书：美国》是**本全面记录和赞美美国烹饪和美食文化显著多样性的书籍。本书对美味和地道的美国菜肴做了深入全面的调查，收录了800份家庭烹饪食谱，探索了这个国家无数的传统和影响、地区最爱的食物，以及熔炉般的结合——一个国家的饮食传统，从开胃菜到甜点，以及其它。‌ 【词汇延伸】 widespread availability广泛可用性；广泛的利用 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考甲卷真题）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the 1 to help my grandmother wash dishes. 2 my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. Born just before WWII, my grandmother 3 an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to 4 . Like in typical families, where boys were 5 much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do 6 . The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to 7 was when her brother was having Chinese 8 with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening 9 . This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite 10 , especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the 11 . There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 12 while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 13 — her ability to open her 14 underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite 15 compared with hers. I am 16 that I did not need to 17 the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of 18 . I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 19 to: her stories always make my history textbooks 20 . 1．A．sitting room B．kitchen C．yard D．dining hall 2．A．As always B．By the way C．For example D．Here and now 3．A．adjusted B．promoted C．achieved D．experienced 4．A．work B．school C．court D．press 5．A．favored B．tolerated C．trusted D．acknowledged 6．A．gardening B．homework C．business D．housework 7．A．exercise B．study C．explore D．teach 8．A．food B．guests C．lessons D．tea 9．A．closely B．directly C．nervously D．freely 10．A．professional B．awkward C．simple D．practical 11．A．market B．mountain C．beach D．class 12．A．secret B．breath C．view D．tongue 13．A．admire B．notice C．adopt D．value 14．A．hands B．mouth C．eyes D．arms 15．A．difficult B．complex C．happy D．similar 16．A．grateful B．surprised C．convinced D．regretful 17．A．reflect upon B．go through C．ask about D．prepare for 18．A．unemployment B．health C．education D．communication 19．A．attend B．refer C．lead D．talk 20．A．come true B．come round C．come out D．come alive 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客厅；B. kitchen厨房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。 2．考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way顺便说一句；C. For example例如；D. Here and now此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted调整；B. promoted促进；C. achieved完成；D. experienced经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work工作；B. school学校；C. court法院；D. press出版社。根据下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored赞成；B. tolerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknowledged承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening园艺；B. homework家庭作业；C. business商务；D.housework家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise锻炼；B. study学习；C. explore探索；D. teach教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons课程；D. tea茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely仔细地、紧密地；B. directly直接地；C. nervously紧张地；D. freely自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional专业的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market市场；B. mountain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view视野；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire钦佩；B. notice注意到；C.adopt采纳；D. value重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开眼睛，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根据上文“There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 12 while they watched all action going on around them. ”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开眼睛在水底坐着。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult困难的；B. complex复杂的；C. happy快乐的；D. similar相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C.  convinced深信不疑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite 15 compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。 17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon思考；B. go through经历；C. ask about询问；D. prepare for准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment失业；B. health健康；C. education教育；D. communication沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选C。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend出席；B. refer参考；C. lead领导；D. talk对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选D。 20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true成真；B. come round苏醒；C. come out出现；D. come alive变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。 ( 高考英语 完形填空 解题技巧 ) ( This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper. 分析： 本句是一个主从复合句。主句主干“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese”为主谓宾补结构;“upside down”为副词短语作方式状语;破折号后面“a skill”为插入语，补充说明前面内容是一项技能;“that has turned out to be quite practical”为关系代词that 引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词 skill;“especially whenever we share the newspaper”为副词 especially 修饰 whenever 引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用。 翻译： 这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文--这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。 ) ( entirely adv 全部地，完全地； cross-legged adv 盘腿； the seabed n 海床，海底； hardship n 艰难，困苦； favor v [ 熟词 新 义 ] 偏袒，特别照顾； acknowledge v 承认，（公开）感谢； closely adv [ 熟词 新 义 ] 仔细地； awkward adj 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的； practical adj 实用的； grateful adj 感激的； convinced adj 确信的，坚信的； regretful adj 后悔的； unemployment n 失业 seize an opportunity 抓住机会； at the far end of 在 ……的 另一边， 在 ……的尽头 / 远端； upside down 颠倒地； turn out to be 原来是，结果是； as always 和往常一样（ as usual ）； by the way 顺便提一下； here and now 此时此刻； reflect upon 反思； go through 经历； come round 改变观点，拜访，苏醒； come out 出现，开花，出版； come alive 生动起来（ come to life ） ) 全文翻译 一天，我们吃了一顿家庭晚餐。当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。和往常一样，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。 我的祖母出生在第一次世界大战之前，她的童年生活方式与我完全不同。她没有机会上学。就像在典型的家庭里，男孩比女孩受欢迎得多，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课时。她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。大多数周末，我的祖母（当时还是个小女孩）和她的哥哥都会去海滩。在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。这是我佩服的地方——她能在水下睁开眼睛，还能舒适地坐在海床上。 与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。我从来没有遇到过教育问题。我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。 （二） （23-24高一下·福建·期末）Four girls. Two tents. No cellphones. A thunderstorm. One hundred and thirty hours of nonstop 21 . This was what Julia Ruelle just experienced. “It was really 22 ,” said Julia Ruelle of her recent weeklong adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three childhood friends. Earlier this year, Julia, having completed a 23 for a brain tumor (肿瘤) in April, won a writing contest and was 24 a free five-day camping adventure with up to three friends. Its aim is to get kids away from technology. She struggled to choose the final three — Anna Wander, Madeline Wilson and Julianna Torelli. No 25 are allowed, so getting their agreement was kind of 26 . Having a satellite phone and promising to check in twice during the week finally won their 27 . The four girls arrived in Ely on June 10 for training. They 28 the next day at 7:00 a. m., and quickly fit many things into their 29 — getting up early every morning, going boating by noon, then having lunch at the campsites, 30 by swinging, reading, talking, and napping. “I love how you are separated from everything in your life, especially 31 ,” Anna said. Without her phone, she said, “I’m less 32 about things.” “We got along pretty well,” said Madeline. “We were always talking before bed, about specific things and thoughts in general.” “But we might sometimes have had 33 ,” Julianna added. No one was even hungry or homesick, but they were actually nervous one night as they waited out a thunderstorm. After the adventure, Julia will continue to take physical examination every three months to make sure the tumor is gone. “Mental health can be 34 so much in the Boundary Waters. It really helps to 35 and reconnect with yourself,” said Julia. 21．A．tiredness B．happiness C．darkness D．togetherness 22．A．amazing B．terrible C．boring D．costly 23．A．competition B．treatment C．preparation D．registration 24．A．promised B．directed C．offered D．advised 25．A．parents B．friends C．teachers D．guides 26．A．educating B．challenging C．satisfying D．impressing 27．A．permission B．satisfaction C．confidence D．expectation 28．A．turned out B．turned up C．set out D．set in 29．A．hobby B．project C．schedule D．solution 30．A．taught B．followed C．divided D．instructed 31．A．society B．homework C．personality D．technology 32．A．doubtful B．anxious C．curious D．unsatisfied 33．A．disappointment B．joyfulness C．arguments D．injuries 34．A．damaged B．improved C．arranged D．weakened 35．A．get away B．get back C．give up D．give away 【答案】 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了四个女孩一起渡过的没有父母陪伴、远离电子设备的冒险之旅。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：130个小时一直在一起。A. tiredness疲劳；B. happiness幸福；C. darkness黑暗；D. togetherness亲密无间。由上文“Four girls. Two tents. No cellphones. A thunderstorm. (四个女孩。两个帐篷。没有手机。雷雨)”和下文“said Julia Ruelle of her recent weeklong adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three childhood friends (朱莉娅·鲁埃尔在谈到她最近与三个儿时的朋友前往Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness进行的为期一周的冒险时说)”可知，在雷雨天，四个女孩没有手机待在两个帐篷里，一起进行为期一周的冒险，由此可以判断她们是一直在一起的、亲密无间。故选D项。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真的太棒了，”朱莉娅·鲁埃尔在谈到她最近与三个儿时的朋友前往Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness进行的为期一周的冒险时说。A. amazing令人惊羡的；B. terrible可怕的；C. boring无聊的；D. costly昂贵的。由下文几个女孩对这次旅程的评价和下文““We got along pretty well,” said Madeline. (“我们相处得很好，”玛德琳说)”可知，孩子们相处很好，这场旅行是很让人满意、惊羡的。故选A项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，朱莉娅在4月份完成了脑瘤治疗，赢得了一场写作比赛，并获得了与三个朋友一起进行的为期五天的免费露营冒险。A. competition比赛；B. treatment治疗；C. preparation准备；D. registration注册。由下文“for a brain tumor”可知，是完成了肿瘤的治疗。故选B项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，朱莉娅在4月份完成了脑瘤治疗，赢得了一场写作比赛，并获得了与三个朋友一起进行的为期五天的免费露营冒险。A. promised承诺；B. directed指导；C. offered提供、给予；D. advised建议。由上文“won a writing contest”可知，Julia赢得了作文比赛，因而被给予奖励。故选C项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母是不允许加入的，所以得到他们的同意有点困难。A. parents家长；B. friends朋友；C. teachers老师；D. guides导游。由上文“Four girls. (四个女孩)”和“said Julia Ruelle of her recent weeklong adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three childhood friends (朱莉娅·鲁埃尔在谈到她最近与三个儿时的朋友前往Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness进行的为期一周的冒险时说)”可知，这是只有四个女孩的旅行，可得出父母是不允许陪伴在旁的。故选A项。 26．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：父母是不允许加入的，所以得到他们的同意有点挑战性。A. educating教育；B. challenging挑战性的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. impressing令印象深刻的。由本处语境可知，不允许父母去，所以得到父母的许可有点挑战性。故选B项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥有一部卫星电话，并承诺在一周内两次查看，最终赢得了他们的许可。A. permission允许；B. satisfaction满意；C. confidence信心；D. expectation期待。由上文语境可知，孩子们的父母不太同意这次探险，在得到一周两次通话的承诺后，才允许她们去。故选A项。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她们第二天早上7点开始安排，并迅速将许多事情融入日程安排——每天早上早起，中午之前划船，然后在营地吃午饭，接着是荡秋千、读书、聊天和打盹。A. turned out结果是；B. turned up出现；C. set out（怀着目标）开始工作，展开任务；D. set in（不好的事情）产生。由句中的时间及下文“getting up early every morning, going boating by noon, then having lunch at the campsites”“swinging, reading, talking, and napping”的一系列活动可知，她们早上七点就开始着手安排活动。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们第二天早上7点开始安排，并迅速将许多事情融入日程安排——每天早上早起，中午之前划船，然后在营地吃午饭，接着是荡秋千、读书、聊天和打盹。A. hobby爱好；B. project项目；C. schedule日程安排；D. solution解决方案。由下文“getting up early every morning, going boating by noon, then having lunch at the campsites”“swinging, reading, talking, and napping”列举的各项活动可知，这是她们的日程安排。故选C项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们第二天早上7点开始安排，并迅速将许多事情融入日程安排——每天早上早起，中午之前划船，然后在营地吃午饭，接着是荡秋千、读书、聊天和打盹。A. taught教；B. followed跟着；C. divided分开；D. instructed指导。由本处语境可知，吃完午饭紧接着是荡秋千、读书、聊天和打盹。故选B项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Anna说：“我喜欢你脱离生活中的一切，尤其是科技。”A. society社会；B. homework作业；C. personality个性；D. technology科技。由上文“No cellphones. (没有手机)”讲本次冒险没有手机，上文“Its aim is to get kids away from technology. (它的目的是让孩子们远离科技)”和下文“Without her phone (没有她的手机)”可知，没有手机即远离科技。故选D项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在没有手机的情况下，她说：“我对事情不那么焦虑了。”A. doubtful怀疑的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. curious好奇的；D. unsatisfied不满意的。由上文没有手机的干扰可知，Anna不像以前那么焦虑了。故选B项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但我们有时可能会发生争执，”Julianna补充道。A. disappointments失望；B. joyfulness快乐；C. arguments争论；D. injuries伤害。由上文“We got along pretty well(我们相处得很好)”和转折词But可推知，此处指也会有争吵。故选C项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Boundary Waters，心理健康可以得到很大改善。A. damaged损害；B. improved改善；C. arranged安排；D. weakened减弱。由上文“Mental health”及下文“It really helps (这真的有助于)”可知，心理健康得到了改善。故选B项。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“这真的有助于摆脱困境，重新找回自我，”Julia说。A. get away摆脱；B. get back回来；C. give up放弃；D. give away赠送。由下文“reconnect with yourself”可知，此次旅行是远离一切（尤其是科技），重新认识自我的过程。故选A项。 （三） （23-24高一·全国·假期作业）Whether it is a relaxing walk or a power one, taking a walk usually only lasts a small period of time. This is not the 36 for Tom Turcich, though. On April 2, 2015, Tom decided to walk around the world by himself. It wasn’t a 37 thought. His childhood friend died 38 at the age of 17 due to a Jet Ski accident. 39 by how short life was, he was fueled by a strong 40 to live every day to the fullest. Tom’s walk 41 as a lonely journey. But quickly, he found himself missing the 42 on the road. And so, while stopping in Austin, Texas, he 43 Savannah, a rescue dog. Since then, the pair have been making their way across borders and continents, 44 25,000 miles in all. Traveling always has some ups and downs. Tom 45 numerous unexpected delays along the way. His journey was 46 due to severe weather in Panama and became very ill in Scotland. Also, he had no 47 but to wait out the time due to the lockdown in many countries. But on the 48 side, he met many kind people and 49 the beauty of nature in different parts of the world. Tom 50 himself to do something few people have succeeded in, which helped him gain a much deeper understanding of the world. 36．A．case B．routine C．reason D．intention 37．A．novel B．wise C．sudden D．simple 38．A．instantly B．unexpectedly C．eventually D．undoubtedly 39．A．Torn B．Shocked C．Moved D．Surprised 40．A．enthusiasm B．curiosity C．pride D．desire 41．A．started B．progressed C．proved D．remained 42．A．neighborhood B．childhood C．companionship D．citizenship 43．A．found B．spotted C．saved D．adopted 44．A．covering B．holding C．occupying D．equaling 45．A．responded B．experienced C．accepted D．ignored 46．A．blown away B．carried away C．backed up D．held up 47．A．responsibility B．right C．option D．opportunity 48．A．rough B．invisible C．moral D．bright 49．A．enjoyed B．missed C．recalled D．preserved 50．A．discovered B．challenged C．suffered D．renewed 【答案】 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．B 40．D 41．A 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．B 46．D 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了汤姆的徒步旅行经历。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这并不是Tom Turcich的情况。A. case情况；B. routine常规；C. reason原因；D. intention意图。根据上文的“Whether it is a relaxing walk or a power one, taking a walk usually only lasts a small period of time. This is not the”和下文的“On April 2, 2015, Tom decided to walk around the world by himself.”可知，这里提到的是Tom的环球步行与一般人的短暂散步不同，这并不是一般的情况。故选A。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不是一个突然的想法。A. novel新颖的；B. wise明智的；C. sudden突然的；D. simple简单的。根据下文“His childhood friend died 3 at the age of 17 due to a Jet Ski accident. 4 by how short life was, he was fueled by a strong 5 to live every day to the fullest.”可知，下文提到的他的朋友去世后激发了他这个想法，可以推断出这不是一个突然间形成的决定。故选C。 38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的童年朋友在17岁时由于水上摩托艇事故意外地去世了。A. instantly立即；B. unexpectedly意外地；C. eventually最终；D. undoubtedly毫无疑问。根据下文的“at the age of 17 due to a Jet Ski accident”可知，这里的死亡是意外地。故选B。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被生命之短暂所震惊，他被一种强烈的渴望驱动着，要充分地过好每一天。A. Torn撕裂；B. Shocked震惊；C. Moved感动；D. Surprised惊讶。根据下文的“by how short life was”可知，这里强调的是对生命的突然结束感到震惊。故选B。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：被生命之短暂所震惊，他被一种强烈的渴望驱动着，要充分地过好每一天。A. enthusiasm热情；B. curiosity好奇心；C. pride自豪；D. desire渴望。根据下文的“to live every day to the fullest”可知，这里描述的是想要充分利用每一天的强烈渴望。故选D。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tom的行走最初是一次孤独的旅程。A. started开始；B. progressed进展；C. proved证明；D. remained保持。根据下文的“as a lonely journey”和“And so, while stopping in Austin, Texas, he 8 Savannah, a rescue dog.”可知，这里描述的是旅程的开始阶段，开始他很孤独，后来收养了一只救援犬Savannah。故选A。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他很快发现自己在路上想念着同伴的陪伴。A. neighborhood邻里；B. childhood童年；C. companionship陪伴；D. citizenship公民身份。根据下文的“And so, while stopping in Austin, Texas, he 8 Savannah, a rescue dog.”可知，这里描述的是他在路上渴望有伴侣同行，所以下文他收养了一只救援犬Savannah。故选C。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在德克萨斯州奥斯汀停留时，他收养了一只救援犬Savannah。A. found发现；B. spotted发现（通常指远处或不易察觉）；C. saved救援；D. adopted收养。根据下文的“Savannah, a rescue dog. Since then, the pair have been making their way across borders and continents”可知，这里描述的是他收养了一只狗作为旅伴。故选D。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他俩穿越国界和大陆，总共行走了25,000英里。A. covering覆盖，行进；B. holding持有；C. occupying占据；D. equaling等于。根据下文“25,000 miles in all”可知，这里描述的是他们行走了多少英里的路程。故选A。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tom沿途经历了许多意想不到的延误。A. responded回应；B. experienced经历；C. accepted接受；D. ignored忽视。根据下文的“numerous unexpected delays along the way”可知，这里描述的是他经历的实际情况。故选B。 46．考查短语词义辨析。句意：他的旅程因为巴拿马的恶劣天气而受阻。A. blown away吹走；B. carried away冲昏头脑；C. backed up支持；D. held up阻碍。根据下文的“due to severe weather in Panama”可知，这里描述的是恶劣天气阻碍了他的行程。故选D。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也别无选择，只能等待许多国家的封锁期结束。A. responsibility责任；B. right权利；C. option选项，选择；D. opportunity机会。根据下文的“but to wait out the time due to the lockdown in many countries”可知，这里描述的是他没有其他的选择。故选C。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在光明的一面，他遇到了许多善良的人，并且享受了世界各地自然美景。A. rough粗糙的；B. invisible看不见的；C. moral道德的；D. bright光明的。根据下文的“he met many kind people”可知，这里描述的是好的一面，光明的一面。故选D。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在光明的一面，他遇到了许多善良的人，并且享受了世界各地自然美景。A. enjoyed享受；B. missed错过；C. recalled回忆；D. preserved保护。根据下文的“the beauty of nature in different parts of the world”可知，这里描述的是他对自然美景的体验。故选A。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：汤姆挑战自己做一些很少有人成功的事情，这帮助他对世界有了更深入的了解。A. discovered发现；B. challenged挑战；C. suffered遭受；D. renewed更新。根据下文的“himself to do something few people have succeeded in”可知，这里描述的是他对自己设定的挑战。故选B。 （四） 阅读理解 （23-24高一下·辽宁本溪·期末）For thousands of years, humans have raced to be the first to climb a peak, cross a frontier, or document a new species or landscape. Now in some cases, people are racing to be the last. In recent years, a growing industry has been stimulated by climate change — last-chance tourism. According to Eco Sustainable Solutions, a UK-based organic recycling and waste processing company last-chance tourism is a kind of tourism geared toward seeing the last of something due to climate change. As temperatures and water levels rise, this could mean seizing the last chance to see the Great Barrier Reef, an Arctic glacier and a remote island that is sinking. As millions of tourists rush to imperiled destinations, some are taking advantage of the increasing demand to spread environmental awareness. One tourist spot, the Sea of Ice in France, opened an exhibit in 2021 to educate visitors on glaciers and climate change. This educational push seems to be having an impact, as a 2023 survey showed that 80% of the visitors would try to learn more about the environment and how to protect it while 77% said that they would reduce their water and energy use. However, the last-chance tourism industry may become kind of our concern. As more and more people flood into these areas in a panic to see them before they are gone, they in fact contribute to the increased greenhouse gas emissions and over-tourism, leading to their destruction. Just as many scholars put it, last-chance tourism is a paradox (悖论). Although tourists may acknowledge the broader risks and importance of climate change, it’s even more important to connect the responsibility of the individual tourism to the future of our planet. It’s not just about understanding the need to stop climate change; it’s even more important to avoid making it worse. 51．What is last-chance tourism primarily driven by? A．Adventure seeking. B．Cultural exploration. C．Environmental awareness. D．Historical preservation. 52．What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Developed. B．Endangered. C．Deserted. D．Preserved. 53．What is suggested in addressing the negative impacts of last-chance tourism? A．Promoting cultural preservation efforts. B．Spreading awareness about climate change. C．Reducing individual contributions to climate change. D．Encouraging more tourists to visit imperiled destinations. 54．Which of the following can best describe last-chance tourism? A．It’s a stone to kill two birds. B．It’s a double-edged sword. C．It’s a life jacket in the stormy sea. D．It’s a solution once and for all. 【答案】51．C 52．B 53．C 54．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了由于气候变化引发的“最后机会旅游”现象。这种旅游形式旨在让人们抓住最后的机会去参观那些因气候变化而面临消失的自然景观。然而，这种旅游方式也带来了负面影响，如增加了温室气体排放和过度旅游，加剧了这些地区的破坏。文章通过分析这一现象，呼吁人们在旅游时意识到个人责任，避免加剧气候变化。 51．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“last-chance tourism is a kind of tourism geared toward seeing the last of something due to climate change(最后机会旅游是一种针对因气候变化而即将消失的景点的旅游)”可知，最后机会旅游主要是由环境意识驱动的，人们希望抓住最后的机会去参观那些因气候变化而面临消失的地方。故选C项。 52．词义猜测题。第二段中“last-chance tourism is a kind of tourism geared toward seeing the last of something due to climate change. As temperatures and water levels rise, this could mean seizing the last chance to see the Great Barrier Reef, an Arctic glacier and a remote island that is sinking.(‘最后一次旅游’是一种旨在看到气候变化导致的最后一幕的旅游。随着气温和水位的上升，这可能意味着抓住最后的机会去看大堡礁，一个北极冰川和一个正在下沉的偏远岛屿)”提到“最后一次旅游”是去那些即将消失、濒危的目的地，根据文章第三段中的“As millions of tourists rush to … destinations, some are taking advantage of the increasing demand to spread environmental awareness(数百万游客涌向这些……目的地，一些人利用这种增长的需求来传播环境意识)”可知，数百万游客涌向这些处于危险中的目的地，一些人利用这种增长的需求来传播环境意识。由此可推测，“imperiled”意味着“处于危险中的”。故选B项。 53．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Although tourists may acknowledge the broader risks and importance of climate change, it’s even more important to connect the responsibility of the individual tourism to the future of our planet. It’s not just about understanding the need to stop climate change; it's even more important to avoid making it worse(尽管游客可能认识到气候变化的广泛风险和重要性，但将个人旅游的责任与地球的未来联系起来更为重要。这不仅仅是理解停止气候变化的需要，更重要的是避免使其变得更糟)”可推理出，解决最后机会旅游的负面影响应该减少个人对气候变化的作用。 故选C项。 54．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“However, the last-chance tourism industry may become kind of our concern. As more and more people flood into these areas in a panic to see them before they are gone, they in fact contribute to the increased greenhouse gas emissions and over-tourism, leading to their destruction. Just as many scholars put it, last-chance tourism is a paradox (悖论).( 最后机会旅游产业可能成为我们关注的问题。随着越来越多的人涌入这些地区，希望在它们消失之前看到它们，实际上他们增加了温室气体排放和过度旅游，导致这些地方的破坏。正如许多学者所说，最后机会旅游是一个悖论)”可知，最后机会旅游可以被描述为一把双刃剑，既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。 故选B项。 （五） （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works. And, the literature offers more than just recipes (食谱). Amy Bentley is a food historian at New York University. She said that cookbooks from the 1800s were use a as lifestyle and household guides. They include food recipes, but they were not central to the books back then. “So, there re some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child has been poisoned and how to clean,” Bentley said. American Cookery by Amelia Simmons is the first cookbook published in the United States. Simmons wrote that her goal with the book was to improve the new generation of women in the US. And after the Civil War, cookbooks became more manifold. Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work. Some communities would put together a group cookbook to raise money. These cookbooks provide a łook into what the American middle class was eating throughout the years. Such works serve as a record of the traditions and interests of different neighbourhoods and groups. Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity’s growth in knowledge, trends (趋势) and inventions. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria (细菌). Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators (冰箱) became common objects in American homes. But cookbooks are not complete reflections of American life. Publishing companies mostly control cookbook content. And, their main goal is to make money from book sales. In the 21st century, with the growth of social media and food websites, publishing companies have less control. These new ways to share recipes have led to more open discussions about food and cooking. This gives the public more choices and power. 55．What can you find in the cookbooks from the 1800s? A．Travel guides. B．Popular clothes. C．Cleaning methods. D．Historical events. 56．What does the underlined word “manifold” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Various. B．Famous. C．Challenging. D．Serious. 57．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning refrigerators? A．To tell the importance of refrigerators. B．To show the development of technology. C．To provide an example of social problems D．To prove cookbooks reflect the progress of human life. 58．From which part of a magazine is the text probably taken? A．Language. B．History. C．Culture. D．Education. 【答案】55．C 56．A 57．D 58．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国烹饪书的发展史以及其作用。 55．细节理解题。根据第二段“So, there re some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child has been poisoned and how to clean(所以，有一些食物的配方，但它可能是清洁溶剂的配方，或者当你的孩子中毒时该怎么做，以及如何清洁)”可知，你能在19世纪的烹饪书里找到清洗方法。故选C。 56．词句猜测题。根据画线词后一句“Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work.(作家们开始在他们的作品中探索当地的食物和习俗。)”可知，后来烹饪书里的内容开始丰富多样起来，划线词manifold的意思是“多种多样的”，和various意思相近。故选A。 57．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity’s growth in knowledge, trends (趋势) and inventions. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria (细菌). Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators (冰箱) became common objects in American homes.(多年来，烹饪书标志着人类在知识、趋势和发明方面的增长。例如，在19世纪后半叶，许多食谱都被告知含有细菌的食物的危险。然后，在20世纪30年代，冰箱成为美国家庭中常见的物品。)”可知，作者提到冰箱的目的是为了证明烹饪书反映了人类生活的进步。故选D。 58．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works.(你对食物、美国历史和英语感兴趣吗？如果是这样的话，美国烹饪书在这三个方面都提供了广泛的信息。第一本出版于1796年，开创了一个在21世纪继续在线出版这类作品的市场。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国烹饪书的发展以及其作用，烹饪书隶属于文化的范畴，因此本文可能取自杂志的文化部分，故选C。 （六） （23-24高一下·云南大理·期末）Chinese netizens recently expressed amazement at a map filled with thickly dotted signs clearly marking the country’s historic sites and cultural relics. The map was made by Wu Yunjie, who was born in the 1990s. Wu has a deep interest in cultural relics and history. When he was in college, he would often make use of his spare time to travel around the country, exploring and documenting ancient sites. In 2020, he started collecting information on cultural relic protection units and uploaded the data to the mapping software. As some of the information is not fully disclosed and many historical sites in far areas cannot be located specifically, Wu spent a lot of time on research and carrying out on-site visits. Now, the map includes nearly 10,000 historical landmarks with different colors standing for different kinds: Red signs show the cultural relic sites under state protection or the national-level museums, while green signs stand for the provincially protected historical sites. A lot of ancient temples, bridges and other architecture in the far areas are also marked on the map. A netizen posted, “I actually found the ancient tower around my house on the map!” However, in Wu’s eyes, the map is not perfect, as it recorded less than two percent of the over 760,000 immovable cultural relics registered in the country’s third national survey of cultural relics. But Wu has been working on improving it. “If possible, I’d also like to document the cultural relics that have been lost overseas. Those treasures may not be able to return to their homeland for the time being, but the stories that they carry are what we need to see.” 59．What can we learn about Wu Yunjie? A．He worked as a software engineer. B．He developed a mapping software. C．He had a deep interest in travelling. D．He was a young responsible netizen. 60．What does the underlined word “disclosed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Applied B．Spread. C．Discovered. D．Understood. 61．Why are a netizen’s words quoted in paragraph 4? A．To show the convenience of the map. B．To introduce how to use the map properly. C．To prove the map is believable and informative. D．To explain the meaning of different colors on the map. 62．What does Wu Yunjie plan to do? A．Include cultural relics lost overseas in his map. B．Bring cultural treasures back to China from abroad. C．Make the map perfect by adding dots of other colors. D．Solve technical problems and make money with the map. 【答案】59．B 60．C 61．C 62．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了中国90后网民吴云杰利用业余时间绘制了一张包含大量国内历史遗迹和文化遗址的地图，旨在让更多人了解和关注中国的文化遗产。尽管这张地图仍有许多不足，但吴云杰已经计划继续完善它，并希望能将海外流失的文化遗产也纳入其中。 59．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Chinese netizens recently expressed amazement at a map filled with thickly dotted signs clearly marking the country’s historic sites and cultural relics. The map was made by Wu Yunjie, who was born in the 1990s.(最近，中国网民对一幅地图表示惊讶，地图上布满了点状的标志，清楚地标出了中国的历史遗迹和文化遗迹。该地图由90后吴云杰绘制。)”可知，他开发了一个地图软件。故选B。 60．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“many historical sites in far areas cannot be located specifically, Wu spent a lot of time on research and carrying out on-site visits.(许多偏远地区的历史遗迹无法具体定位，吴花了大量时间进行研究和实地考察。)”可知，许多偏远地区的历史遗迹无法具体定位，吴花了大量时间进行研究和实地考察，由此揭露了一些没有被完全发现的信息。故划线词与C选项“Discovered.(发现)”为同义词。故选C。 61．推理判断题。根据第四段中“A netizen posted, “I actually found the ancient tower around my house on the map!”(一位网友发帖称：“我竟然在地图上找到了我家附近的古塔！”)”可知，文中引用网民的话是为了证明这张地图的准确性和信息量，并能帮助人们找到附近的古迹，由此证明这张地图是可信和富有信息的。故选C。 62．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ “If possible, I’d also like to document the cultural relics that have been lost overseas. Those treasures may not be able to return to their homeland for the time being, but the stories that they carry are what we need to see.”(“如果可能的话，我还想记录那些在海外丢失的文物。这些宝藏可能暂时无法回到它们的祖国，但它们所承载的故事是我们需要看到的。”)”可知，文中最后一段提到吴云杰的计划，他表示如果可能的话，他还想记录那些流失海外的文化遗产。这表明他计划将海外文化遗产也纳入他的地图中。故选A。 （七） （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期末）Standing at the top of a staircase in the Louvre in Paris, the Nike, or the Winged Victory (胜利女神), looks down over her admiring crowds. This statue is one of the most famous artworks of Greek art. 63 Later it was brought to Paris and has been on display in the Louvre since 1866. The Nike consists of two parts: a large ship’s front part, and a standing statue with a total height of more than eighteen feet. It looks like the Winged Victory has just flown down from the sky. 64 The wind blows her dress across her body, gathering it in heavy folds, and streaming behind her. When viewers look at her, they can almost feel the wind from the sea. 65 The statue, as it stands today in the Louvre, has been partly repaired. The right wing is a modern copy, but the missing feet, arms, and head have not been recovered, giving viewers much to imagine. For instance, did the Nike hold objects in her hands? In fact, people found her right hand in 1950, whose fingers are spread out. 66 She must have simply raised her right arm in greeting. Her head may have looked straight ahead, and viewers can only guess about the features of her face. 67 As one of the few existing examples of original Greek sculpture, it will continue to attract viewers, just as it undoubtedly did before. A．This means that she cannot have held any object. B．The Nike is in charge of victory in ancient Greek stories. C．It was found on a Greek island in the Aegean sea in 1863. D．This statue was made by artists who left no names in history. E．It’s hard for them to believe such a lifelike statue is made of stone. F．Landing on top of the ship, she celebrates the victory of an ancient battle. G．Despite its incomplete survival, the Winged Victory is truly a masterpiece. 【答案】63．C 64．F 65．E 66．A 67．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卢浮宫里的Winged Victory雕像的历史，艺术形态和历史价值。 63．下文“Later it was brought to Paris and has been on display in the Louvre since 1866. (后来被带到巴黎，自1866年以来一直在卢浮宫展出。)”说明的是雕像的历史变迁，因此C项“它于1863年在爱琴海的一个希腊岛屿上被发现”符合语境，故选C。 64．上文“Winged Victory has just flown down from the sky (Winged Victory刚刚从空中飞下来)”说明的是雕像的状态，空格处承接上文“飞下来”，然后“降落在船顶”，因此F项“她登上舰顶，庆祝一场古老战役的胜利”符合语境，故选F。 65．上文“The wind blows her dress across her body, gathering it in heavy folds, and streaming behind her. When viewers look at her, they can almost feel the wind from the sea. (风把她的裙子吹到身上，卷起厚厚的褶皱，流到身后。当观众看着她时，他们几乎能感觉到来自大海的风)”说明雕像的形态栩栩如生，因此E项“他们很难相信这么逼真的雕像是石头做的”符合语境，故选E。 66．上文“For instance, did the Nike hold objects in her hands? In fact, people found her right hand in 1950, whose fingers are spread out. (例如，耐克是否将物体握在她的手中？事实上，人们在1950年发现了她的右手，她的手指是张开的)”说明空格处回答了上文提出的问题：是否将物体握在她的手中？因此A项“这意味着她不能拿任何东西”符合语境，故选A。 67．上文“Her head may have looked straight ahead, and viewers can only guess about the features of her face. (她的头可能直视前方，观众只能猜测她的面部特征)”说明Winged Victory的头部是不存在的，是不完整的，以及下文“As one of the few existing examples of original Greek sculpture, it will continue to attract viewers, just as it undoubtedly did before (作为现存为数不多的希腊原始雕塑之一，它将继续吸引观众，就像它以前毫无疑问地那样)”说明Winged Victory的重要意义和价值，可知，空格处起着承上启下的作用，因此G项“尽管Winged Victory未完全幸存，但它确实是一部杰作”符合语境，故选G。 （八） 短文填空 （22-23高一上·湖北·自主招生）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示填空，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 There are many reasons why I encourage people to travel, and I know that the experience will make one a better person. When travelling, I began to know the world better. The world is not just about me, my small town and home. Although we will meet different people from all over the world, we will realize that people are quite s 68 in dreams, hopes and feelings. Enjoy the different culture, a 69 we will also find that people are different in some of the things they do and how they live. Once we understand their ways, it will n 70 be strange or scary. Often we read stories about other culture in books, but we can find there are quite a few d 71 things from those in the books when we visit their areas. We often think our problems are very serious, b 72 we can realize that our biggest problems are not that big after travelling all over the world. On our journey we can a 73 meet lots of new friends. All our special experiences could make an interesting b 74 , which would be written with our special memories. Traveling around is a w 75 experience. If we could all just travel a little more and share our experiences, we would all be better people and the world would be a better place. 【答案】68．similar 69．and 70．never 71．different 72．but 73．also 74．book 75．wonderful 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过阐述自己对于旅行的看法和经历，鼓励读者去旅行，强调旅行对个人成长和世界理解的重要性。 68．考查形容词。句意：虽然我们会遇到来自世界各地的不同的人，但我们会意识到，人们在梦想、希望和感受上是非常相似的。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，担当从句的表语；再根据从句“Although we will meet different people from all over the world”以及句意可知，空处指的是“相同的、相似的”。根据首字母可推测，空处为单词“similar”，意为“相似的”。故填similar。 69．考查连词。句意：享受不同的文化，我们也会发现人们在某些行为和生活方式上是不同的。空前“Enjoy the different culture”为祈使句；空后“we will also find that people are different in some of the things they do and how they live.”为完整的句子，两句之间不存在转折关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 70．考查副词。句意：一旦我们理解了他们的方式，它们就不会再显得陌生或可怕。根据从句“Once we understand their ways”以及主句句意可知，空处指的是“决不”；根据首字母可推测，空处为副词“never”。故填never。 71．考查形容词。句意：我们常常在书中读到其他文化的故事，但当我们访问他们的地区时，我们会发现与书中的内容有相当大的不同。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“things”，以及本句的连接词“but”可推测，空处指的是“不同的”；再根据首字母，可知空处为形容词“different”。故填different。 72．考查连词。句意：我们常常认为我们的问题很严重，但旅行遍全世界后，我们会意识到我们最大的问题其实并不大。根据空前“We often think our problems are very serious”以及空后“we can realize that our biggest problems are not that big after travelling all over the world”可知，两句结构一致，存在转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。 73．考查副词。句意：在我们的旅途中，我们也可以认识很多新朋友。分析上一句“we can realize that our biggest problems are not that big after travelling all over the world”以及空处所在句“On our journey we can ____ meet lots of new friends.”可知，这两句都是旅游的好处，由此可知，空处指的是“也……”；根据首字母可知，空处为also，意为“也”，符合句意。故填also。 74．考查名词。句意：我们所有的特殊经历都可以写成一本有趣的书，用我们特别的回忆来写。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词单数形式；再根据下文的“which would be written with our special memories”可知，空处单词指的即是下文的“which”，而根据从句的句意以及首字母可知，空处指的是“书本”。故填book。 75．考查形容词。句意：环游世界是一种美妙的体验。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“experience”；再根据下文“If we could all just travel a little more and share our experiences, we would all be better people and the world would be a better place.”可推测，作者认为环游世界是“美好的”体验。根据首字母，可推测，空处单词为“wonderful”，意为“美好的、美妙的”。故填wonderful。 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“历史、社会和文化”。本单元的写作项目是“描述喜欢的地方”，要求比较生动、细致地描写所熟悉地点的景物，并恰当地表达自己的感受。为突出“描写”，建议从视觉、听觉、触角、嗅觉的角度进行描写。一个地点的景物描写不仅能引导读者跟作者一起欣赏美丽的风景，使读者产生身临其境的感受，还能启迪人的思想，陶冶人的情操，给人以美的感受。写之前可以列一下思维导图。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一上·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）假定你是李华，你班英语老师要求你们写一篇短文，介绍一处你们游览过的历史古迹，内容包括： 1. 历史古迹的名称和地点； 2. 你游览该古迹的所见所感。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Last summer vacation, I took a tour of the Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, home to the ancient Dongba culture. I walked around the town, enjoying the local culture and attractions such as the big water wheels, the classic Naxi dance on Square Street, and the amazing Dongba writing system. “Tian Yu Liu Fang”, which means “Let’s read” in the Naxi language, inspires me most as it conveys Naxi people’s love and respect for knowledge. I was fascinated by the Old Town of Lijiang, where nature and human wisdom coexist in harmony with each other. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放式作文。假定你是李华，你班英语老师要求你们写一篇短文，介绍一处你们游览过的历史古迹，内容包括：1. 历史古迹的名称和地点；2. 你游览该古迹的所见所感。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参观：take a tour of→pay a visit to 欣赏：enjoy→admire 令人惊奇的： amazing→astonishing 吸引：fascinate→attract 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last summer vacation, I took a tour of the Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, home to the ancient Dongba culture. 拓展句：Last summer vacation, I took a tour of the Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, which is home to the ancient Dongba culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I walked around the town, enjoying the local culture and attractions such as the big water wheels, the classic Naxi dance on Square Street, and the amazing Dongba writing system. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】 I was fascinated by the Old Town of Lijiang, where nature and human wisdom coexist in harmony with each other. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句) ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第二册Unit 4 History and Traditions（人教版2019） 人与社会：历史、社会和文化 单元引言解读 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. —Marcus Garvey 释义：本单元的名人名言意为“一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树”。通过类比，形象地阐明了历史起源及其所蕴含文化的重要性 启示：历史是一个民族兴衰更替的见证；历史就像一面镜子，无论正确与否，它都可以给予客观的、真实的评价；历史凝聚着古代先贤的智慧。历史是照亮人类未来行程的智慧之光，对于社会和个人的发展具有重要的指导意义。学习历史可以增强文化认同感，重建民族自信心；学习历史可以形成正确的人生观和价值观。 名言名句积累 人与社会：历史、社会和文化 1．Histories make men wise. 读史使人明智。 2．History is a mirror that illuminates reality and the future. 历史是一面镜子，它照亮现实和未来。 3．Our history is an invaluable legacy and deserves our pride. 我们的历史是一份无比珍贵的遗产，是值得我们自豪的。 4．Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3000 BC in China, it was not until the mid­17th century in the UK that appeared the concept of “afternoon tea”. 虽然中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年，但是直到17世纪中期英国才出现“下午茶”的概念。 5．Knowing that you're interested in the traditional Chinese culture and keen on learning more about it, I'm writing to offer my recommendation. 我知道你对中国传统文化很感兴趣，也热衷于了解更多的中国文化，所以我写信向你推荐。 6．Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages. 孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的圣人。 7．Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history. 郑和是明朝的一位探险家，他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物。 8．We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and culture of other countries. 我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。 9．What I'd like to introduce to you is Niangao, which is one of the most popular and typical dishes eaten during the Spring Festival. 我想给大家介绍的是年糕，它是春节期间所吃的最受欢迎、最典型的菜肴之一。 10．First, we were amazed to learn about the origin of the Hakka culture and the development of the Hakka history. 首先，我们惊奇地了解了客家文化的起源和客家历史的发展。 时文拓展阅读 Cookbooks Show American Culture Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in 1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works. And, the literature offers more than just recipes. Megan Elias is the director of food studies at Boston University and the writer of Food on the Page: Cookbooks and American Culture. She says that cookbooks do help teach us how to prepare food. But they provide more than that, too. "The concept of meals, how many meals a day that people expect to eat? What do they expect to have in those meals?" Elias said. Despite the widespread availability of online recipes, print cookbooks, often with beautiful photographs inside, continue to sell well. They also inform readers about discoveries, equipment and technology related to food making. Elias said, "What are the objects that are necessary to make the things and what exists? So, are you being asked to do something over an open fire or are you being asked to use an electric stove? Is it something that can be done in the microwave? If you see a lot of recipes for things that are preserved for pickles, you know that you are looking at a time without refrigeration." Amy Bentley is a food historian at New York University. She said that cookbooks from the 1800s were used as lifestyle and household guides. They include food recipes, but they were not central to the books back then. "So, there's some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent or what to do when your child has been poisoned, how to clean, how to get stains out," Bentley said. American Cookery by Amelia Simmons is the first cookbook published in the United States. Simmons wrote that her goal with the book was to improve the new generation of women in the U.S. Megan Elias says that after the Civil War, cookbooks became more diverse. Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work. Elias said that Southern cookbooks tried to offer "... a beautiful version of the old South that will kind of heal over the wounds of the Civil War rather than dealing with the problems that caused the Civil War to begin with." Some communities would put together a group cookbook to raise money. These cookbooks provide a look into what the American middle class was eating throughout the years. Such works serve as a record of the traditions and interests of different neighborhoods and groups. Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity's growth in knowledge, trends and innovations. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria. Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators became common objects in American homes. The threat of bacterial infection from food dropped, and very soon, cooks adapted to the new conditions. New recipes and new cookbooks resulted. But cookbooks are not complete reflections of American life. Elias said publishing companies mostly control cookbook content. And, their main goal is to make money from book sales. "The publishing world doesn't necessarily have the goal of representing the truth of Americans who made it. It tends to be upper middle class, white, Northeastern." In the 21st century, with the growth of social media and food websites, publishing companies have less control. These new ways to share recipes have led to more open discussions about food and cooking. This gives the public more choices and power. Elias praised the new discussions around food. "If you look at the comments on food blogs and on any kind of recipe site, you really get to see what people are cooking, and what they think of how they're cooking, and how they think of themselves as experts." Physical cookbooks are still highly desirable as well, Bentley says. "They're very good to give as gifts. They're very, very popular because they're sort of neutral. And everyone loves a cookbook, especially with beautiful pages," she said. 【译文欣赏】 烹饪书展示美国文化 你对食物、美国历史和英语感兴趣吗？如果是这样，美国烹饪书在这三个主题上都提供了广泛的信息。第一本于1796年出版，开创了一个在21世纪继续存在的市场，即此类作品的在线出版物。而且，文献提供的不仅仅是食谱。 梅根·埃利亚斯是波士顿大学食品研究主任，著有《页面上的食物：烹饪书和美国文化》。她说烹饪书确实有助于教我们如何准备食物。但它们也提供了更多。 埃利亚斯说：“膳食的概念，人们一天要吃多少餐？他们希望在这些餐中吃什么？”。 尽管在线食谱广泛可用，但通常附有精美照片的印刷食谱仍然卖得很好。 他们还向读者介绍与食品制造相关的发现、设备和技术。 埃利亚斯说：“制造这些东西所必需的物体是什么，存在什么？那么，你是被要求在明火上做点什么，还是被要求使用电炉？这可以在微波炉里做吗？如果你看到很多腌制泡菜的食谱，你就知道你正在寻找一个没有冷藏的时间。” 艾米·本特利是纽约大学的食品历史学家。她说，19世纪的烹饪书被用作生活方式和家庭指南。它们包括食物食谱，但在当时并不是书籍的核心。 本特利说：“所以，有一些食物食谱，但也可能是清洁溶剂的食谱，或者当你的孩子中毒时该怎么办，如何清洁，如何去除污渍。”。 Amelia Simmons的《美国烹饪》是美国出版的第一本烹饪书。西蒙斯写道，她写这本书的目的是提高美国新一代女性的地位。 梅根·埃利亚斯说，内战后，烹饪书变得更加多样化。作家们开始在他们的作品中探索当地的食物和习俗。 埃利亚斯说，南方烹饪书试图提供“……一个美丽的旧南方版本，它将治愈内战的创伤，而不是处理导致内战开始的问题。” 一些社区会出版一本集体烹饪书来筹集资金。这些烹饪书让我们了解了美国中产阶级多年来的饮食情况。这些作品记录了不同社区和群体的传统和兴趣。 多年来，烹饪书标志着人类在知识、趋势和创新方面的增长。例如，在19世纪末，许多食谱都了解了含有细菌的食物的危险。然后，在20世纪30年代，冰箱成为美国家庭的常见物品。食物中细菌感染的威胁下降了，很快，厨师们就适应了新的环境。新的食谱和新的烹饪书应运而生。 但烹饪书并不能完全反映美国人的生活。埃利亚斯说，出版公司大多控制着烹饪书的内容。而且，他们的主要目标是从图书销售中赚钱。 “出版界不一定有代表美国人真相的目标。它往往是中上层阶级、白人、东北人。” 21世纪，随着社交媒体和食品网站的增长，出版公司的控制力越来越小。这些分享食谱的新方式引发了关于食物和烹饪的更公开的讨论。这给了公众更多的选择和权力。 埃利亚斯赞扬了围绕食物的新讨论。 “如果你看看食品博客和任何一种食谱网站上的评论，你真的会看到人们在做什么，他们对自己的烹饪方式有什么看法，以及他们如何把自己看作专家。” 宾利说，实体烹饪书仍然非常受欢迎。她说：“它们非常适合作为礼物赠送。它们非常非常受欢迎，因为它们有点中性。每个人都喜欢烹饪书，尤其是那些漂亮的页面。”。 【词汇积累】 literature — n. written works that are considered to be very good and to have lasting importance 文学 recipe — n. a set of instructions for cooking a specific food, including a list of the ingredients required 食谱 concept — n. an idea of what something is or how it works 概念 microwave — n. an oven that uses very short wave of electromagnetic energy to cook food 微波炉 preserved — adj. to describe something kept in its original state or in good condition保存的 solvent — n. a liquid used for breaking down other substances溶剂 stain — n. a mark made on a surface or a piece of clothing that is very hard or impossible to remove污点；污渍 reflect — v. to mirror or show an aspect of something 反射，反映 innovation — n. the act or process of introducing new ideas, devices, or methods 创新 neutral — adj. not having positive, negative, or other characterizations based on a person's likes or dislikes.中立的 【知识拓展】 《烹饪书：美国》是**本全面记录和赞美美国烹饪和美食文化显著多样性的书籍。本书对美味和地道的美国菜肴做了深入全面的调查，收录了800份家庭烹饪食谱，探索了这个国家无数的传统和影响、地区最爱的食物，以及熔炉般的结合——一个国家的饮食传统，从开胃菜到甜点，以及其它。‌ 【词汇延伸】 widespread availability广泛可用性；广泛的利用 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考甲卷真题）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the 1 to help my grandmother wash dishes. 2 my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. Born just before WWII, my grandmother 3 an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to 4 . Like in typical families, where boys were 5 much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do 6 . The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to 7 was when her brother was having Chinese 8 with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening 9 . This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite 10 , especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the 11 . There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 12 while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 13 — her ability to open her 14 underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite 15 compared with hers. I am 16 that I did not need to 17 the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of 18 . I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 19 to: her stories always make my history textbooks 20 . 1．A．sitting room B．kitchen C．yard D．dining hall 2．A．As always B．By the way C．For example D．Here and now 3．A．adjusted B．promoted C．achieved D．experienced 4．A．work B．school C．court D．press 5．A．favored B．tolerated C．trusted D．acknowledged 6．A．gardening B．homework C．business D．housework 7．A．exercise B．study C．explore D．teach 8．A．food B．guests C．lessons D．tea 9．A．closely B．directly C．nervously D．freely 10．A．professional B．awkward C．simple D．practical 11．A．market B．mountain C．beach D．class 12．A．secret B．breath C．view D．tongue 13．A．admire B．notice C．adopt D．value 14．A．hands B．mouth C．eyes D．arms 15．A．difficult B．complex C．happy D．similar 16．A．grateful B．surprised C．convinced D．regretful 17．A．reflect upon B．go through C．ask about D．prepare for 18．A．unemployment B．health C．education D．communication 19．A．attend B．refer C．lead D．talk 20．A．come true B．come round C．come out D．come alive ( 高考英语 完形填空 解题技巧 ) ( This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper. 分析： 本句是一个主从复合句。主句主干“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese”为主谓宾补结构;“upside down”为副词短语作方式状语;破折号后面“a skill”为插入语，补充说明前面内容是一项技能;“that has turned out to be quite practical”为关系代词that 引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词 skill;“especially whenever we share the newspaper”为副词 especially 修饰 whenever 引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用。 翻译： 这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文--这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。 ) ( entirely adv 全部地，完全地； cross-legged adv 盘腿； the seabed n 海床，海底； hardship n 艰难，困苦； favor v [ 熟词 新 义 ] 偏袒，特别照顾； acknowledge v 承认，（公开）感谢； closely adv [ 熟词 新 义 ] 仔细地； awkward adj 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的； practical adj 实用的； grateful adj 感激的； convinced adj 确信的，坚信的； regretful adj 后悔的； unemployment n 失业 seize an opportunity 抓住机会； at the far end of 在 ……的 另一边， 在 ……的尽头 / 远端； upside down 颠倒地； turn out to be 原来是，结果是； as always 和往常一样（ as usual ）； by the way 顺便提一下； here and now 此时此刻； reflect upon 反思； go through 经历； come round 改变观点，拜访，苏醒； come out 出现，开花，出版； come alive 生动起来（ come to life ） ) 全文翻译 一天，我们吃了一顿家庭晚餐。当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。和往常一样，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。 我的祖母出生在第一次世界大战之前，她的童年生活方式与我完全不同。她没有机会上学。就像在典型的家庭里，男孩比女孩受欢迎得多，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课时。她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。大多数周末，我的祖母（当时还是个小女孩）和她的哥哥都会去海滩。在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。这是我佩服的地方——她能在水下睁开眼睛，还能舒适地坐在海床上。 与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。我从来没有遇到过教育问题。我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。 （二） （23-24高一下·福建·期末）Four girls. Two tents. No cellphones. A thunderstorm. One hundred and thirty hours of nonstop 21 . This was what Julia Ruelle just experienced. “It was really 22 ,” said Julia Ruelle of her recent weeklong adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three childhood friends. Earlier this year, Julia, having completed a 23 for a brain tumor (肿瘤) in April, won a writing contest and was 24 a free five-day camping adventure with up to three friends. Its aim is to get kids away from technology. She struggled to choose the final three — Anna Wander, Madeline Wilson and Julianna Torelli. No 25 are allowed, so getting their agreement was kind of 26 . Having a satellite phone and promising to check in twice during the week finally won their 27 . The four girls arrived in Ely on June 10 for training. They 28 the next day at 7:00 a. m., and quickly fit many things into their 29 — getting up early every morning, going boating by noon, then having lunch at the campsites, 30 by swinging, reading, talking, and napping. “I love how you are separated from everything in your life, especially 31 ,” Anna said. Without her phone, she said, “I’m less 32 about things.” “We got along pretty well,” said Madeline. “We were always talking before bed, about specific things and thoughts in general.” “But we might sometimes have had 33 ,” Julianna added. No one was even hungry or homesick, but they were actually nervous one night as they waited out a thunderstorm. After the adventure, Julia will continue to take physical examination every three months to make sure the tumor is gone. “Mental health can be 34 so much in the Boundary Waters. It really helps to 35 and reconnect with yourself,” said Julia. 21．A．tiredness B．happiness C．darkness D．togetherness 22．A．amazing B．terrible C．boring D．costly 23．A．competition B．treatment C．preparation D．registration 24．A．promised B．directed C．offered D．advised 25．A．parents B．friends C．teachers D．guides 26．A．educating B．challenging C．satisfying D．impressing 27．A．permission B．satisfaction C．confidence D．expectation 28．A．turned out B．turned up C．set out D．set in 29．A．hobby B．project C．schedule D．solution 30．A．taught B．followed C．divided D．instructed 31．A．society B．homework C．personality D．technology 32．A．doubtful B．anxious C．curious D．unsatisfied 33．A．disappointment B．joyfulness C．arguments D．injuries 34．A．damaged B．improved C．arranged D．weakened 35．A．get away B．get back C．give up D．give away （三） （23-24高一·全国·假期作业）Whether it is a relaxing walk or a power one, taking a walk usually only lasts a small period of time. This is not the 36 for Tom Turcich, though. On April 2, 2015, Tom decided to walk around the world by himself. It wasn’t a 37 thought. His childhood friend died 38 at the age of 17 due to a Jet Ski accident. 39 by how short life was, he was fueled by a strong 40 to live every day to the fullest. Tom’s walk 41 as a lonely journey. But quickly, he found himself missing the 42 on the road. And so, while stopping in Austin, Texas, he 43 Savannah, a rescue dog. Since then, the pair have been making their way across borders and continents, 44 25,000 miles in all. Traveling always has some ups and downs. Tom 45 numerous unexpected delays along the way. His journey was 46 due to severe weather in Panama and became very ill in Scotland. Also, he had no 47 but to wait out the time due to the lockdown in many countries. But on the 48 side, he met many kind people and 49 the beauty of nature in different parts of the world. Tom 50 himself to do something few people have succeeded in, which helped him gain a much deeper understanding of the world. 36．A．case B．routine C．reason D．intention 37．A．novel B．wise C．sudden D．simple 38．A．instantly B．unexpectedly C．eventually D．undoubtedly 39．A．Torn B．Shocked C．Moved D．Surprised 40．A．enthusiasm B．curiosity C．pride D．desire 41．A．started B．progressed C．proved D．remained 42．A．neighborhood B．childhood C．companionship D．citizenship 43．A．found B．spotted C．saved D．adopted 44．A．covering B．holding C．occupying D．equaling 45．A．responded B．experienced C．accepted D．ignored 46．A．blown away B．carried away C．backed up D．held up 47．A．responsibility B．right C．option D．opportunity 48．A．rough B．invisible C．moral D．bright 49．A．enjoyed B．missed C．recalled D．preserved 50．A．discovered B．challenged C．suffered D．renewed （四） 阅读理解 （23-24高一下·辽宁本溪·期末）For thousands of years, humans have raced to be the first to climb a peak, cross a frontier, or document a new species or landscape. Now in some cases, people are racing to be the last. In recent years, a growing industry has been stimulated by climate change — last-chance tourism. According to Eco Sustainable Solutions, a UK-based organic recycling and waste processing company last-chance tourism is a kind of tourism geared toward seeing the last of something due to climate change. As temperatures and water levels rise, this could mean seizing the last chance to see the Great Barrier Reef, an Arctic glacier and a remote island that is sinking. As millions of tourists rush to imperiled destinations, some are taking advantage of the increasing demand to spread environmental awareness. One tourist spot, the Sea of Ice in France, opened an exhibit in 2021 to educate visitors on glaciers and climate change. This educational push seems to be having an impact, as a 2023 survey showed that 80% of the visitors would try to learn more about the environment and how to protect it while 77% said that they would reduce their water and energy use. However, the last-chance tourism industry may become kind of our concern. As more and more people flood into these areas in a panic to see them before they are gone, they in fact contribute to the increased greenhouse gas emissions and over-tourism, leading to their destruction. Just as many scholars put it, last-chance tourism is a paradox (悖论). Although tourists may acknowledge the broader risks and importance of climate change, it’s even more important to connect the responsibility of the individual tourism to the future of our planet. It’s not just about understanding the need to stop climate change; it’s even more important to avoid making it worse. 51．What is last-chance tourism primarily driven by? A．Adventure seeking. B．Cultural exploration. C．Environmental awareness. D．Historical preservation. 52．What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Developed. B．Endangered. C．Deserted. D．Preserved. 53．What is suggested in addressing the negative impacts of last-chance tourism? A．Promoting cultural preservation efforts. B．Spreading awareness about climate change. C．Reducing individual contributions to climate change. D．Encouraging more tourists to visit imperiled destinations. 54．Which of the following can best describe last-chance tourism? A．It’s a stone to kill two birds. B．It’s a double-edged sword. C．It’s a life jacket in the stormy sea. D．It’s a solution once and for all. （五） （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）Are you interested in food, United States history, and the English language? If so, American cookbooks provide wide information in all three subjects. The first, published in1796, started a market that continues in the 21st century with online publications of such works. And, the literature offers more than just recipes (食谱). Amy Bentley is a food historian at New York University. She said that cookbooks from the 1800s were use a as lifestyle and household guides. They include food recipes, but they were not central to the books back then. “So, there re some recipes for food, but it could be recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child has been poisoned and how to clean,” Bentley said. American Cookery by Amelia Simmons is the first cookbook published in the United States. Simmons wrote that her goal with the book was to improve the new generation of women in the US. And after the Civil War, cookbooks became more manifold. Writers started exploring local foods and customs in their work. Some communities would put together a group cookbook to raise money. These cookbooks provide a łook into what the American middle class was eating throughout the years. Such works serve as a record of the traditions and interests of different neighbourhoods and groups. Throughout the years cookbooks have signified humanity’s growth in knowledge, trends (趋势) and inventions. During the last part of the 19th century, for example, many recipes were informed by the dangers of food containing bacteria (细菌). Then, in the 1930s, refrigerators (冰箱) became common objects in American homes. But cookbooks are not complete reflections of American life. Publishing companies mostly control cookbook content. And, their main goal is to make money from book sales. In the 21st century, with the growth of social media and food websites, publishing companies have less control. These new ways to share recipes have led to more open discussions about food and cooking. This gives the public more choices and power. 55．What can you find in the cookbooks from the 1800s? A．Travel guides. B．Popular clothes. C．Cleaning methods. D．Historical events. 56．What does the underlined word “manifold” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Various. B．Famous. C．Challenging. D．Serious. 57．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning refrigerators? A．To tell the importance of refrigerators. B．To show the development of technology. C．To provide an example of social problems D．To prove cookbooks reflect the progress of human life. 58．From which part of a magazine is the text probably taken? A．Language. B．History. C．Culture. D．Education. （六） （23-24高一下·云南大理·期末）Chinese netizens recently expressed amazement at a map filled with thickly dotted signs clearly marking the country’s historic sites and cultural relics. The map was made by Wu Yunjie, who was born in the 1990s. Wu has a deep interest in cultural relics and history. When he was in college, he would often make use of his spare time to travel around the country, exploring and documenting ancient sites. In 2020, he started collecting information on cultural relic protection units and uploaded the data to the mapping software. As some of the information is not fully disclosed and many historical sites in far areas cannot be located specifically, Wu spent a lot of time on research and carrying out on-site visits. Now, the map includes nearly 10,000 historical landmarks with different colors standing for different kinds: Red signs show the cultural relic sites under state protection or the national-level museums, while green signs stand for the provincially protected historical sites. A lot of ancient temples, bridges and other architecture in the far areas are also marked on the map. A netizen posted, “I actually found the ancient tower around my house on the map!” However, in Wu’s eyes, the map is not perfect, as it recorded less than two percent of the over 760,000 immovable cultural relics registered in the country’s third national survey of cultural relics. But Wu has been working on improving it. “If possible, I’d also like to document the cultural relics that have been lost overseas. Those treasures may not be able to return to their homeland for the time being, but the stories that they carry are what we need to see.” 59．What can we learn about Wu Yunjie? A．He worked as a software engineer. B．He developed a mapping software. C．He had a deep interest in travelling. D．He was a young responsible netizen. 60．What does the underlined word “disclosed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Applied B．Spread. C．Discovered. D．Understood. 61．Why are a netizen’s words quoted in paragraph 4? A．To show the convenience of the map. B．To introduce how to use the map properly. C．To prove the map is believable and informative. D．To explain the meaning of different colors on the map. 62．What does Wu Yunjie plan to do? A．Include cultural relics lost overseas in his map. B．Bring cultural treasures back to China from abroad. C．Make the map perfect by adding dots of other colors. D．Solve technical problems and make money with the map. （七） （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期末）Standing at the top of a staircase in the Louvre in Paris, the Nike, or the Winged Victory (胜利女神), looks down over her admiring crowds. This statue is one of the most famous artworks of Greek art. 63 Later it was brought to Paris and has been on display in the Louvre since 1866. The Nike consists of two parts: a large ship’s front part, and a standing statue with a total height of more than eighteen feet. It looks like the Winged Victory has just flown down from the sky. 64 The wind blows her dress across her body, gathering it in heavy folds, and streaming behind her. When viewers look at her, they can almost feel the wind from the sea. 65 The statue, as it stands today in the Louvre, has been partly repaired. The right wing is a modern copy, but the missing feet, arms, and head have not been recovered, giving viewers much to imagine. For instance, did the Nike hold objects in her hands? In fact, people found her right hand in 1950, whose fingers are spread out. 66 She must have simply raised her right arm in greeting. Her head may have looked straight ahead, and viewers can only guess about the features of her face. 67 As one of the few existing examples of original Greek sculpture, it will continue to attract viewers, just as it undoubtedly did before. A．This means that she cannot have held any object. B．The Nike is in charge of victory in ancient Greek stories. C．It was found on a Greek island in the Aegean sea in 1863. D．This statue was made by artists who left no names in history. E．It’s hard for them to believe such a lifelike statue is made of stone. F．Landing on top of the ship, she celebrates the victory of an ancient battle. G．Despite its incomplete survival, the Winged Victory is truly a masterpiece. （八） 短文填空 （22-23高一上·湖北·自主招生）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示填空，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。 There are many reasons why I encourage people to travel, and I know that the experience will make one a better person. When travelling, I began to know the world better. The world is not just about me, my small town and home. Although we will meet different people from all over the world, we will realize that people are quite s 68 in dreams, hopes and feelings. Enjoy the different culture, a 69 we will also find that people are different in some of the things they do and how they live. Once we understand their ways, it will n 70 be strange or scary. Often we read stories about other culture in books, but we can find there are quite a few d 71 things from those in the books when we visit their areas. We often think our problems are very serious, b 72 we can realize that our biggest problems are not that big after travelling all over the world. On our journey we can a 73 meet lots of new friends. All our special experiences could make an interesting b 74 , which would be written with our special memories. Traveling around is a w 75 experience. If we could all just travel a little more and share our experiences, we would all be better people and the world would be a better place. 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“历史、社会和文化”。本单元的写作项目是“描述喜欢的地方”，要求比较生动、细致地描写所熟悉地点的景物，并恰当地表达自己的感受。为突出“描写”，建议从视觉、听觉、触角、嗅觉的角度进行描写。一个地点的景物描写不仅能引导读者跟作者一起欣赏美丽的风景，使读者产生身临其境的感受，还能启迪人的思想，陶冶人的情操，给人以美的感受。写之前可以列一下思维导图。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一上·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）假定你是李华，你班英语老师要求你们写一篇短文，介绍一处你们游览过的历史古迹，内容包括： 1. 历史古迹的名称和地点； 2. 你游览该古迹的所见所感。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$