内容正文:
句子成分:
主语:
1作用:句子叙述的主体,指人或物
(主动语态主语是谓语动词的发出者)
2位置:一般情况下放在句首,特殊句式特殊注意
3 词: 名词、代词、数词、the adj.、to do 、doing
(具有名词特性的词、短语或句子)
Eg:Tom is a student. (名词)
I am a teacher. (代词)
Three are here,and five are there. (数词)
The rich should help the poor. (the+adj.)
To learn English well is difficult./It is difficult to learn English well.(to do)
Learning English well is difficult. (动名词)
What he said is not correct. (从句)
谓语:(体现时态和语态)
1 作用:主语发出的动作或存在的状态(主动语态)
2 位置:一般情况下放在主语之后
3 词:
谓语动词:a.简单谓语:原形;单三;过去式
b.复合谓语:情态动词+动词原形
系动词 +表语
助动词 +动词相应形式(体现时态和语态)
系动词:be 动词 (是;在)
感官系动词:look ; sound ; feel ; smell ; taste ...起来
表表象的: seem ; appear 似乎;看起来; 好像
表保持的: keep ; stay ; remain 保持
表变化的: become(身份/渐变);
get (渐变);
turn (身份/颜色);
grow (生长变化);
go (往坏变);----come(往好变)
fall (落入......的状态)
助动词:帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。
be 动词+过去分词 done 帮助构成被动语态
is/am/are +done (一般现在时被动语态)
was/were +done (一般过去时被动语态)
will be +done (一般将来时被动语态)
would be +done (过去将来时被动语态)
is/am/are +being+done (现在进行时被动语态)
was/were+being +done (过去进行时被动语态)
have/has+been+done (现在完成时被动语态)
had +been+done (过去完成时被动语态)
be 动词+现在分词v-ing 帮助构成进行时态
is/am/are+v-ing (现在进行时)
was/were+v-ing (过去进行时)
be动词+to do 帮助构成将来时
is/am/are+to do (一般将来时)
was/were+to do (过去将来时)
do/does/did +动词原形 帮助构成否定句和疑问句
do/does not +动词原形 帮助构成一般现在时否定句
Do/Does... +动词原形? 帮助构成一般现在时疑问句
did not+动词原形 帮助构成一般过去时否定句
Did...+动词原形? 帮助构成一般过去时疑问句
will/shall/would/should+动词原形 帮助构成将来时
will/shall +动词原形 (一般将来时)
Would/should+动词原形 (过去将来时)
have/has/had+过去分词done 帮助构成完成时
have/has+过去分词done 帮助构成现在完成时
had +过去分词done 帮助构成过去完成时
表语:(主语补足语)
1 作用:补充说明主语的状态、性质和特征;身份、地位和职业及主语的相关信息和动作。
2 位置:一般情况下放在系动词之后
3 词:名词、代词、数词、adj、adv(状态性的副词)、
非谓语动词(to do;doing;done)、介词短语、从句
I am a teacher. (名词)
The box is his. (代词)
Two and two is four. (数词)
You look beautiful today. (形容词)
The light is still on. (副词)
My job is to train Ding Junkai. (动词不定式)
My hobby is fishing. (动名词)
The story is very interesting. (现在分词)
I feel excited today. (过去分词)
Lucy is under the tree. (介词短语)
That is what I am worried about. (从句)
宾语:(谓语动词有自己的宾语,非谓语动词也可有自己的宾语--逻辑宾语)
Eg:I want to play football.
解析:want 是动词原形,所以它是谓语,want 还是及物动词,它的承受对象是to play football,所以to play football是want 的宾语。但是to play 是动词不定式,非谓语动词也可以有自己的宾语,football是play的承受对象,所以football是play的宾语(逻辑宾语)
1 作用:动作的承受者
2 位置:及物动词之后 (动宾关系)eg:I like English.
介词之后 (介宾关系)eg:I can swim across the river.
3 词:名词、代词、数词、the adj.、to do 、doing
(具有名词特性的词、短语或句子)
Eg:I like English. (名词)
I love her. (代词)
I have four. (数词)
The rich should help the poor. (the+adj.)
Tom refused to study hard. (动词不定式)
I enjoy listening to music. (动名词)
Tom asked why I was late for the meeting. (从句)
4 分类:简单宾语;双宾语;复合宾语
双宾语:动作有两个承受对象(sb间接宾语;sth直接宾语)
及物动词+sb+sth
=及物动词+sth+to(给)/for(为)+sb
Eg:Tom gave me a book yesterday.
=Tom gave a book to me yesterday.
Can you cook me a meal?
=Can you cook a meal for me?
复合宾语:宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语:
1 作用:补充说明宾语的状态、性质和特征;身份、地位和职业及宾语的相关信息和动作。
2 位置:放在宾语后
3 词:名词、代词、数词、adj、adv(状态性的副词)、
非谓语动词(to do;doing;done)、介词短语、从句。
Eg:You can call me Tom. (名词)
The story made us happy. (形容词)
Don’t keep the light on all night. (状态性的副词)
My mother asked me to study hard. (动词不定式)
Tom kept me waiting for two hours yesterday. (现在分词)
I had my car repaired yesterday. (过去分词)
注意:
to do 作宾语补足语时,省略to的情况
(主动语态省略to;被动语态还原to)
一感、二听、三让、四看+宾语+ do 时,把to省略.
一感:feel +宾语+do sth
二听:listen to ; hear
三让:let ; have ; make
四看:look at ; see ; watch ; notice
Eg:Tom made Lucy cry yesterday. (主动语态省略to)
----Lucy was made to cry by Tom yesterday.(被动语态还原to)
定语:(短前长后)...的
1 作用:用来修饰限定名词和代词
2 位置:放在所修饰词之前(前置定语),一般用词充当
放在所修饰词之后(后置定语),一般用短语和句子充当
3 词:名词,代词,数词,adj.,adv.(地点副词做后置定语),
非谓语动词(to do;doing;done),介词短语,从句
Eg:There is a book store near my school. (名词;代词)
I have two best friends in my class. (数词;形容词;代词)
People here are very friendly. (地点副词)
I have too much homework to do. (形容词;动词不定式)
The swimming pool is very large. (动名词)
China is a developing country. (现在分词)
America is a developed country. (过去分词)
The boy under the tree is Tom. (介词短语)
The boy who is sleeping under the tree is Tom. (从句)
状语:
1 作用:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、句子。
2 位置:
修饰动词时:a.不及物动词+状语
Eg:I can swim in summer.
b.及物动词+宾语+状语
Eg: I like English very much.
c.及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语+状语
Eg: I made Lucy cry yesterday.
d.及物动词+双宾语+状语
Eg: Tom game me a book yesterday.
e.系动词+表语+状语
Eg: I was a teacher ten years ago.
修饰形容词、副词、介词短语时:状语(程度副词)+形容词/副词/介词短语
Eg: The cake is very delicious.
Eg: Tom studies very hard,especially before the exam.
修饰整个句子时:a.状语,+整个句子
Eg: Luckily, I pass the exam.
b.整个句子+状语
Eg: We went to the park last weekend.
3 种类:时间状语;地点状语;条件状语;原因状语;结果状语
目的状语;让步状语;比较状语;方式状语;伴随状语
注意:
多个状语同时出现时,时间状语放在最后,其次是地点状语,然后其他状语往前放。
Eg:we will go for a picnic on the hill tomorrow.
同种状语同时出现时,具体的放前面,范围性的放后面(小前大后)
Eg: we will hold a sports meeting at 10 am next Sunday.
4 词:副词,非谓语动词(to do;doing;done),介词短语,从句
同位语:(所处位置相同,指代内容相同)
1 作用:对名词和代词的进一步说明
2 位置:名词或代词之后
3 词: 名词或具有名词特性的词,短语或句子
Eg:My student Ding Junkai is tall.
You can ask Tom himself.
This is our head teacher Mr Zhang.
插入语:
1 作用:对一句话做出附加的解释或看法
2 位置:句首,句中或句尾(标点符号隔开)
3 词: 表达解释或说明看法的短语;
Eg: In my opinion,Tom is not a top student.
Tom,in my opinion,is not a top student.
Tom is not a top student,in my opinion.
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
主语,谓语,宾语,宾补,定语,状语,同位语,插入语
· 1. The students got on the school bus.
· 2. He handed me the newspaper.
· 3. I shall answer your question after class.
· 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
· 5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
· 6. His job is to train swimmers.
· 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
· 8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
· 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
· 10. His wish is to become a scientist.
· 11. He managed to finish the work in time.
· 12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
· 13. He found it important to master English.
· 14. Do you have anything else to say?
· 15. To be honest,your pronunciation is not so good.
· 16. Would you please tell me your address?
· 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
· 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
· 19. He noticed a man enter the room.
· 20. The apples tasted sweet.
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