暑假Unit 3预习讲义2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister Grammar 形容词和副词的比较级 一、定义 比较级用于两者(人或事物)的比较，表示其中一个比另一个＂更……＂或＂较……＂，后面用连词than 连接另一个所比较的人或事物。 二、用法 1. 表示两个人或事物作比较时，形容词要用比较级形式，形容词比较级之后常用than引出比较的对象。 This pen is longer than that one. 这支钢笔比那支长。New York is bigger than Cambridge. 纽约比剑桥大。 2. 表示两者之间的选择，意为＂哪一个更……＂。 Who is taller, Lily or Lucy? 莉莉和露西相比，谁更高？ 三、形容词比较级的变化 1. 形容词或副词的比较级的规则变化： 构成方式 例词 规则变化 单音节和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er，-est small→smaller→smallest hard→harder→hardest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加-r，-st large→larger→largest wide→wider→widest 以两个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er，-est ugly→uglier→ugliest early→earlier→earliest 少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词，词尾加-er，-est narrow→narrower→narrowest clever→cleverer→cleverest 多音节 其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词，在词前加more，most important→more important→most important easily→more easily→most easily 2. 不规则变化 不规则变化 bad/badly→worse→worst good/well→better→best much/many→more→most little→less→least far→farther/further→farthest/furthest old→older/elder→oldest /eldest 【易错警示】 1. farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别： 二者表示距离时，往往可互换，但是用于引申义，表示程度时，只能使用后者。 He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。 His suggestion is that Kate should be sent abroad for further education. 他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。 2. older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别： 前者用于人或者物，可作定语和表语，可与than连用，而后者主要用于家人之间，表明长幼关系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定语不作表语，也不与than连用。 I’m two years older than him. 我比他大两岁。 His elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。 四、形容词比较级前的修饰词 比较级前可以用much、a little、a lot、even、rather、still、any、a bit、far等词修饰，起强调作用。 Believe me, you really look much better than before. 相信我，你看起来真的比以前好多了。 He is a lot taller than me. 他比我高很多。They went there a little later than others. 他们比其他人稍微去晚一点儿。 It’s even bigger than an island. 它甚至比一座岛屿都大。He is far stronger than his brother. 他比他哥哥强壮得多。 五、形容词、副词比较级的用法 1. 最基本句型：主语 + be(is/am/are) + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象。 than后接人称代词时可以是主格或宾格。 than前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。 She is a little more outgoing than me. 她比我性格外向一点。 · 要具体表达重几斤、高几厘米、大几岁时：表示数量的词 + 形容词比较级 + than… Tom is six years older than you. 汤姆比你大六岁。 · 比……大(长、多、宽……)几倍：…times + 形容词比较级 + than…＂结构。 Our classroom is twice larger than yours. 我们的教室比你们的大两倍。 2. 比较级前可以用much、a little、a lot、even、rather、still、any、a bit、far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修饰原级)等修饰。 It’s cold today, but it is going to be even colder tomorrow. 今天很冷，但明天会更冷。 This car is much better than that one.这辆车比那辆好得多。 John is only 15 years old, but he is even taller than his father.约翰只有15岁，但他甚至比他的爸爸还高。 3. 在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 Who do you think is more beautiful, Lucy or Lily? 你认为谁更漂亮，露茜还是莉莉？ 4. 变得越来越……： get/become + 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 and连接同一个形容词的比较级。形容词为多音节词或一些双音节词，用more and more+原级。 It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 5. 越……就越……： the + 形容词比较级…, the + 形容词比较级… The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好 6.……之一、第几大/小/高/矮……，往往用最高级，而不用比较级。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 She is the second tallest girl in the class. 她是我们班第二高的女生。 The lake is the third largest lake in China. 这片湖是中国第三大湖。 Is Nanjing the second largest city in China? 南京是中国第二大城市吗？ Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 This car is one of the best cars.这辆车是最好车之一。 This flower is one of the most beautiful flowers. 这朵花是（这些中）最漂亮的花之一。 7. ……比其他的任何……都……： 形容容词比较级 + than any other + 单数可数名词 Li Lei is cleverer than any other student in the class. =Li Lei is the cleverest student in the class. 李磊是班上最聪明的学生。 六、同级比较 as...as：和……一样 用于形容词、副词的同级比较。两个as的词性和用法不一样，第一个as是副词，后面接形容词或副词的原级，第二个as为连词。 Are you as friendly as your sister?你和你姐姐一样友好吗？ I’m as tall as Nelly. 我和内莉一样高。 Tom runs as fast as Sam. 汤姆和萨姆跑得一样快。 Lily is not so outgoing as Lucy. 莉莉不如露西外向。 My book isn’t as new as hers.　我的书不如她的新。 【注意】这时含有not as/so...as的句子也有比较的含义，可以和含有比较级的句子进行转换。 Tom is not as short as Tim. 汤姆没蒂姆矮。 ＝Tim is not as tall as Tom. 蒂姆没有汤姆高。 ＝Tom is taller than Tim. 汤姆比蒂姆高。＝Tim is shorter than Tom.蒂姆比汤姆矮。 【例题】Listening is just as as speaking in language learning. A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important Vocabulary 1. both 两个，两个都 ·作代词，指代上文提到的复数名词或代词。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ·作形容词，修饰复数名词，且名词前可有定冠词、限定词、名词所有格等修饰。 Both of them like playing guitar. 他们俩都喜欢弹吉他。 Both of them are Chinese. 他俩都是中国人。 The prospects both excited and worried me.这前景使我既激动又忧虑。Both students like English. 两个学生都喜欢英语。 【易混辨析】 both 用于两者，表示“两者都” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Both plans are good. 两个计划都很好。 all 用于三者或三者以上，表示“都” 作主语，笼统地表示所有人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式； 笼统地表示所有事物或现象时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 All teachers like to go there. 所有的老师都喜欢去那儿。 【拓展】both...and...两者都...... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 Both she and I are good at English. 我和她都擅长英语。 Both he and his sister are doctors. 他和他姐姐都是医生。 【例题】1.Jiefangbei is not far from Chaotianmen. You can easily visit   in a day. A. each　　　B. none C. both D. neither 2. Before you cross the street, you must look   ways. A. both B. all C. every D. each 3. ________________ Lucy _______________ Lily like singing. A. Either; or 　 B. Neither; nor C. Not only; but also D. Both; and 2. better 较好地，更好地；较好的，更好的 Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. Tom sings very well, but Jim sings better than Tom. 汤姆歌唱得很好，但是吉姆比汤姆唱得更好。 The picture is very good, but that one is better. 这张图片很好，但是那张更好。 3. loudly 喧闹地，大声地，响亮地 And she also sings more loudly than Tara. 她唱歌也比Tara响亮。Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大声地敲门。 【易混辨析】aloud, loud, loudly aloud 副词，强调出声，但声音不一定很大，常与read, think等连用，aloud修饰call，cry等动词时，可作＂高声地＂解。 Please read the text aloud. 请大声读这篇课文。 The boy called aloud for help. 这个男孩高声求救。 loud 形容词，意为＂响亮的，大声的＂，作副词时意为＂大声，高声＂，侧重给人的感觉，常放在speak, shout, laugh, talk等词后。 Speak loud while answering the teacher’s question. 回答老师的问题时声音要大。 The boy always laughs in a loud voice in public. 那个男孩总是在公共场合大声地笑。 loudly 副词，意为＂大声地，响亮地＂，多含有噪音或喧扰声的意味，放在所修饰的动词前后都可。 The students sang very loudly.学生们大声地唱歌。 They all shouted loudly. 他们都大声地喊叫。 【例题】The music is too _, so I hardly hear you. A. loud B. quiet C. loudly D. noise 5. talented 有才能的，有才干的 be talented in在……方面有天赋，后接名词或动名词。 Mozart was talented in music. 莫扎特有音乐天赋。You’re very talented in speaking English. 你很有说英语的天赋。 【拓展】(1) 同义词gifted adj. 有天赋的 She is a gifted violinist. 她是位有天赋的小提琴手。 (2) talent n. 天赋；才，人才 have a talent for＝have a gift for 有……天赋 The woman has a talent/gift for cooking. 这个女人有烹饪的天赋。 He is a great talent. 他是个了不起的人才。 6. similar 与……相像的/类似的 be similar to与……相像的/类似的，相当于be like。 Your new haircut is similar to mine. 你的新发型和我的相似。 Jack is similar to his father in many ways. 杰克在很多方面与他爸爸相似。 similar与in连用时，构成be similar in sth.意为＂在某方面相似/相仿＂。 Ice fishing, a popular winter sport, is similar in many ways to regular fishing. 冰下捕鱼，一个受欢迎的冬季运动，在许多方面与常规钓鱼是相似的。 【易混辨析】be similar to, be similar in (1) be similar to与……相像的/类似的 (2) be similar in在……方面相似 【易混辨析】 similar相似的；类似的 形容词 My best friend and I have similar hobbies. 我和我最好的朋友有相似的爱好。 same相同的；同样的 形容词，前面要加定冠词the。 They have the same age. 他们的年龄相同。 【例题】完成句子 1. 他的问题和你的相似。His problem is similar_____________ yours. 2. 这两位老师在教法上有相似之处。The two teachers are similar _____________teaching methods. 7. care 在意，担忧，关心 Do you care about your future? 你关心自己的未来吗？ He doesn’t care about the news. 他对这条新闻并不关心。 【拓展】 （1）care for 喜欢；照料 He cared for her more than she realized. 她不知道他是多么在乎她。 （2）care作名词的常用词组： take care 小心；当心；保重 take care of 照顾；照料（相当于look after) Take care not to make mistakes. 当心别犯错。 Goodbye, and take care! 再见，多保重！ He is old enough to take care of himself. 他足够大，能照顾自己了。 Text What’s Mary’s difference with her friend? Language points My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror. I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. That’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 1. 形容词、副词比较级+than…：比…更…e. g. Tommy is taller than Jack. 2.That' why+从句：这就是…的原因 e. g. Dan's grandfather is Chinese. That's why Dan speaks Chinese well. My best friend Yuan Li is quiet too, so we enjoy studying together. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. But I think friends are like books – you needn’t a lot of them as long as they’re good. 3. as long as: 只要… e.g. Time is spent meaningfully as long as you spend it happily. It’s not necessary to be the same. My best friend Larry is quite different from me. He is taller than me. We both like sports, but he plays tennis better, so he always wins. I’m getting better, though. 4. be different from: 与…不同 e.g. Lucy is different from Linda. 5. get+ 形容词、副词比较级： e.g. With the dog's accompany, Jane gets happier. As Larry often says, “My best friend helps to bring out the best in me.” However, Larry is much less hard-working, so I always get better grades. Maybe I should help him more. 6. bring out: 使显出、出版 e.g. The accident brought out the best kindness of the strangers. e.g. The old writer brought out a new book this year. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. My favorite saying is, “ A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.” My best friend Carol is really kind and very funny. In fact, she’s funnier than anyone I know. 7. if: 是否 e. g. I wonder if he passed the exam. 8. 形容词、副词比较级+ than anyone else/ any other：最… e. g. Betty is taller than any other students in her class. I broke my arm last year but she made me laugh and feel better. We can talk about and share everything. I know she cares about me because she’s always there to listen. 9. care about: 关心 e. g. Her mother cared about her and went to visit her. 1. 体裁：记叙文。2. 人称：用第一、三人称。3. 时态：主要用一般现在时。 【练习一】一、写出下列单词的比较级形式 1. tall →__________________ 2. smart →__________________　 3. hard →__________________ 4. lazy →__________________ 5. funny →__________________ 6. early →__________________ 7. nice →__________________ 8. large →__________________ 9. fine →__________________ 10. serious →__________________ 11. clearly →__________________ 12. outgoing →__________________ 13. good/well →__________________ 14. many/much →__________________ 15. bad/badly →__________________ 16. little →__________________ 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I think Sally did as __________________(better) as Lucy in the math competition. 2. Linda is much __________________ (hard-working) than Anna. 3. Who has __________________ (many) books, Zhang Li or Li Ying? 4. Do you think you are __________________ (outgoing) than your father? 5. It was cold yesterday, but it is much __________________ (cold) today. 6. This box is much __________________ (heavy), isn’t it? 7. Who is __________________ (funny) than you in your class? 8. I work _______________ (hard) this term, but David works even _______________ (hard). 9. Which day was __________________ (hot), today or yesterday? 10. This story is very __________________ (interesting), but that story is __________________ (interesting) than this one. 三、单项选择 1. This picture is ____________ than that one. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful 2. These flowers are ____________ than those ones. A. much beautiful B. much more beautiful C. very beautiful D. as beautiful 3. Kate is much earlier than ____________. A. our B. me C. my D. mine 4. I think it is ____________ older than yesterday. A. very B. much too C. much D. quite 5. This film is ____________interesting than that one. A. more B. much C. very D. the most 6. Don’t worry. Your mother will get ____________. A. well and well B. better and better C. well and better D. good and well 7. The girl doesn’t run ____________ the boy. A. much faster as B. as faster as C. more fast than D. so fast as 8. —Mum, I think I’m ____________ to get back to school. 　—Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 9. The students are ____________ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. A. most B. almost C. mostly D. almostly 10. Jack’s ____________ brother is ____________ than him. A. old; elder B. elder; older C. old; eld D. elder; younger 11. They all looked at the master ____________ and felt quite ____________. A. sad; sad B. sadly; sad C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sadly 【练习二】一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（一） 1. Kate’s schoolbag is newer than ________________ (my). 2. Who is much more ________________ (hard-working), Jack or John? 3. Eric looks a little ________________ (fat) than his brother. 4. It is _______________ (cold) today than it was yesterday. 5. It seems that this problem is as ________________ (difficult) as that one. 6. Be ________________ (quietly)! I have something important to tell you. 7. I think Linda dances ________________ (well) than Kate. 8. The Shanghai Jing’an team ________________ (win) the men’s U18 soccer gold medal in the first National Youth Games on August 26, 2015. 9. Jack’s brother is more ________________ (outgoing) than you. 10. Students can’t speak ________________ (loud) in the library. （二）1. She is _______________ (friendly) than her mother. 2. China is much _______________ (strong) than before. 3. Can your sister run _______________ (fast) than you? 4. Is your father as _______________ (serious) as your mother? 5. Who do you think _______________ (be) similar to you in your class? 6. After exercising for a few months, she is a little _______________ (thin) than before. 7. His two daughters are very _______________ (difference) from each other. 8. Does your friend like _______________ (read) books? 9. Lucy has _______________ (many) friends than the other girls. 10. Both of them _______________ (be) from Qingdao. 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 汤姆比吉姆更有趣。Tom is ________________ ________________ Jim. 2. 她和她的哥哥一样勤奋。She is ________________ ________________ ________________ her brother. 3. 玛丽的头发比我的长。Mary’s hair is ________________ than ________________. 4. 丽莎唱得比安娜好。Lisa sings ________________ ________________ Anna. 5. 学生们正在安静地听老师讲课。The students are ________________ to the teacher ________________. 6. 你能更大点儿声说吗？我听不见。Can you speak ________________ ________________? I can’t hear you. 7. 史密斯先生和格林先生对我们一样友好。Mr. Smith is ________________ ________________ to us ________________ Mr. Green. 8. 我的文具盒比迈克的贵。My pencil box is ________________ ________________ than ________________. 9. 为了保持健康，你应该吃更少的肉和更多的蔬菜。To keep healthy，you should eat ________________ meat and ________________ vegetables. 10. 劳拉的好朋友比埃米更安静更聪明。Laura’s good friend is ________________ and ________________ than Amy. 【综合练习】一、单项选择 1. Lucy has more foreign friends than Lily _________________. A. is B. have C. was D. does 2. It was a wonderful trip, _________________? A. isn’t it B. is it C. wasn’t it D. was it 3. Tom’s clothes are shorter than _________________. A. me B. I C. my D. mine 4. Liu Mei is my good friend. She is _________________ than me. A. outgoing　 B. more outgoing C. outgoinger 5. —How are you getting along with your English study?　—Much better. I don’t feel it as _______________ as before. 　A. interesting B. much 　C. difficult D. easy 6. —What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?　—Oh, it’s _____________ than the movies I have ever seen. 　A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting 7. English is _____________ difficult for me to learn than Chinese. 　A. much more B. more much C. very more D. very much 8. Please stop to have a rest. I think, to teenagers, health is as _____________ as their study. 　A. more important B. less important C. the most important D. important 9. Tom is _____________ of the twin brothers. He is not good at his subjects. 　A. lazy B. lazier 　C. the lazier D. the laziest 10. —Does Jim get up as _____________ as Alex? 　—No. He gets up _____________ than Alex. 　A. early; early B. earlier; earlier C. early; earlier D. earlier; early 二、句子积累：翻译下列句子（一）人物对比 1. My best friend Larry is quite different from me. 【quite为副词，可以用来修饰形容词，表示程度，意为＂十分＂】 我十分擅长英语。________________________________________________________________________ 2. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.【it’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样】 取得好成绩对我来说很容易。________________________________________________________________________ 3. Larry is much less hard-working, though.【much/a little/a lot＋比较级】 事实上，李明跑步比我快得多________________________________________________________________________ (二)任务描述 1. 在我看来，有相同点是必要的。In my view, it’s ____________________ to be the same. 2. 我真的不介意朋友是与我相同或是不同。I don’t ____________________ ____________________ if friends are the same as me or different. 3. 我认为朋友就该像书——你不需要很多，只要他们好就行。I think friends ____________________ ____________________ books — you don’t need a lot of them __________________ __________________ _________________ they’re good. (三)朋友相处 1. Lisa唱得比Sam好。Lisa sings ____________________ ____________________ Sam. 2. 他和我一样外向。He is ____________________ outgoing ____________________ me. 3. Peter学习不如Tom努力。Peter doesn’t work ____________________ hard ____________________ Tom. ( 第 1 页 共 44 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$