专题07 中国首次月球背面“取壤” - 2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练 专题07 中国首次月球背面“取壤” Ⅰ.外刊原文阅读 Ⅱ.阅读理解专项针对性练习 Ш.新课标高频词汇提取及训练 Ⅳ.参考译文赏析 【原文·外刊阅读】 China Brings Samples From the Moon’s Far Side to Earth in First-Ever Feat （文章来源：Smith Sonian Mag） In a global first, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon, a feat that will offer scientists an unprecedented opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face that is never visible from Earth. The samples re-entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed via parachute in rural Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region in northern China. They were secured in a re-entry capsule that detached from a larger spacecraft, called Chang’e-6. The entire mission, the sixth leg of the Chinese space agency’s Chang’e project, lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research. “Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao, a planetary geologist at China University of Geosciences, tells the New York Times’ Katrina Miller. “This is a major event for scientists worldwide… a cause for celebration for all humanity.” Launched on May 3, the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules: an ascender, an orbiter, a lunar lander and a return capsule. It reached lunar orbit five days later, where it remained for several weeks. On June 1, the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in its oldest and largest impact crater, known as the South Pole-Aitken basin. This itself was no small feat: Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult, because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth. To get around this problem, CNSA engineers used two relay satellites, Queqiao and Queqiao-2, launched ahead of this mission, to communicate with the spacecraft. Once on the moon, Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm’s scoop and drill to collect 4.4 pounds of lunar material from impact crater. Compared to the lunar face we can see, the far side of the moon has a thicker crust, fewer ancient lava plains called maria and a greater number of craters and debris from collisions. “Recovering samples from the far side is tremendously exciting scientifically, as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” Martin Barstow, an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England, tells the Guardian’s Ian Sample. “It has been processed very differently to the side of the moon facing us, which has been extensively resurfaced by volcanic activity in the past, creating the maria from which most samples have been obtained.” The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3, then united with the orbiter days later. It began its Earth-bound journey on June 21, culminating in its arrival to China this week. Scientists hope the newly secured material will offer clear evidence of the history of lunar asteroid impacts, which could, in turn, shed light on impacts to the early Earth. Most known basins on the moon formed from a barrage of space rocks some 3.9 billion years ago, during a period known as the Late Heavy Bombardment. It is likely, astronomers say, that asteroid showers that hit the moon also hit our home planet. “This also has implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth,” the Planetary Society’s Jason Davis wrote earlier this year. “It’s possible that asteroids carried water and organic materials to Earth during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Understanding the timing and circumstances of this event is critical for unpacking our origin story.” There is also a possibility, because the South Pole-Aitken basin is so deep, that the lunar mantle is exposed within it. If sediment from this layer were contained in the Chang’e-6 samples, scientists could uncover significant clues about the moon’s interior and origins. “It’s a long shot, but it’s worth looking,” Ian Crawford, a planetary scientist at Birkbeck, University of London, tells the Guardian. A number of countries—including the U.S., China and Russia—have been ramping up their planned exploration of, and human presence on, the lunar surface. The possibility for extraction of the moon’s untapped resources—and its location as a launching-off point toward Mars—remain incentives for nations to go to the moon. 【原创·阅读理解】 1. What is the main achievement of the Chang’e-6 mission? A. It successfully landed on the near side of the moon. B. It retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon. C. It established a lunar base for future missions. D. It launched the first manned mission to the moon. 2. How did CNSA engineers overcome the communication challenge with the Chang’e-6 spacecraft? A. By using a more powerful radio signal B. By sending signals through a lunar lander C. By employing two relay satellites D. By increasing the spacecraft’s signal range 3. What significant feature of the far side of the moon does the article mention? A. It has more lava plains compared to the near side. B. It is covered with a thicker crust and has more craters. C. It has less impact debris than the near side. D. It has more volcanic activity compared to the near side. 4. What potential scientific benefit is expected from studying the samples retrieved by Chang’e-6? A. Understanding the effects of volcanic activity on the moon. B. Gaining insights into the origins of life on Earth. C. Discovering new methods of space travel. D. Identifying new resources for lunar colonization. 【高频词汇训练】 1．Without telescope, many stars overhead are (visible) to the naked eye even in the clear night sky. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Astronomers say this is a natural phenomenon that (happen) for a century. （所给词的适当形式填空） 3．The rescue team (consist) of firefighters that have first aid skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Nixon’s (visit) China marked a new ear between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．In the face of a changing climate and an ever­growing population, strengthening the world’s future food (secure) has never been more important. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．With more problems related to environment appearing, the effects of climate change (explore) now by scientists around the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Once (expose) to light, the film will be damaged and get useless., the film will be damaged and get useless. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The (extend) of the subway will take several months. The bank plans various (extension) to its credit facilities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．China （develop）at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．She (signal) the other girls that everything was all right. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Crossing the North Pole on foot was an amazing feat of human e . (根据首字母单词拼写) 12．For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them in a basin of cold water, s the water out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour. 【参考译文】 中国首次将月球背面的样本带回地球 在全球范围内，中国国家航天局（CNSA）首次成功地从月球背面取回了岩石和土壤样本，这一壮举将为科学家提供前所未有的机会，研究地球上从未见过的鲜为人知的月球表面。 周二，这些样本重新进入地球大气层，并通过降落伞降落在中国北方自治区内蒙古农村。它们被固定在一个从更大的航天器嫦娥六号上分离出来的返回舱中。整个任务是中国航天局嫦娥项目的第六站，持续了近两个月，标志着月球研究的一个里程碑。 “嫦娥六号是人类历史上第一次从月球远端返回样本的任务，”中国地质大学行星地质学家龙晓告诉《纽约时报》的卡特琳娜·米勒。“这对全世界的科学家来说是一件大事……全人类都应该庆祝。” 嫦娥六号于5月3日发射，由四个模块组成：上升器、轨道器、月球着陆器和返回舱。五天后，它到达了月球轨道，并在那里停留了几个星期。6月1日，着陆器成功下降并降落在月球最古老、最大的撞击坑，即南极艾特肯盆地。 这本身就是一项不小的壮举：在月球背面指挥航天器的运动是困难的，因为月球会阻挡来自地球的无线电信号。为了解决这个问题，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了在这次任务之前发射的两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。 一旦登上月球，嫦娥六号就使用机械臂的铲子和钻头从撞击坑中收集了4.4磅的月球物质。与我们看到的月球表面相比，月球的背面有更厚的地壳，更少的被称为玛丽亚的古老熔岩平原，以及更多的撞击坑和碎片。 英国莱斯特大学的天体物理学家Martin Barstow告诉《卫报》的Ian Sample：“从远处回收样本在科学上非常令人兴奋，因为我们对那里的地质信息非常有限。”。“它的处理方式与面向我们的月球侧面非常不同，过去火山活动曾广泛地重新浮出月球表面，形成了大多数样本都是从中获得的玛丽亚。” 6月3日，在航天器的上升器中从月球表面发射的岩石集合，几天后与轨道器结合。它于6月21日开始了它的地球之旅，最终于本周抵达中国。 科学家们希望新获得的材料将为月球小行星撞击的历史提供明确的证据，这反过来又可以揭示对早期地球的影响。月球上大多数已知的盆地是在大约39亿年前，即所谓的晚期重轰炸时期，由一系列太空岩石形成的。天文学家说，撞击月球的小行星阵雨很可能也撞击了我们的家园星球。 行星学会的杰森·戴维斯今年早些时候写道：“这也对理解地球上生命的起源产生了影响。”。“在晚期重轰炸期间，小行星可能将水和有机物质带到了地球。了解这一事件的时间和情况对于解开我们的起源故事至关重要。” 还有一种可能性，因为南极艾特肯盆地太深，月球地幔暴露在其中。如果嫦娥六号样本中含有这一层的沉积物，科学家们可能会发现有关月球内部和起源的重要线索。 伦敦大学伯克贝克分校的行星科学家伊恩·克劳福德告诉《卫报》：“(尽管)它可能性不大,但却值得试一下。”。 包括美国、中国和俄罗斯在内的一些国家一直在加紧计划中的月球表面探索和人类活动。开采月球未开发资源的可能性及其作为火星发射点的位置仍然是各国登月的动力。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高中英语外刊时文阅读训练 专题07 中国首次月球背面“取壤” Ⅰ.外刊原文阅读 Ⅱ.阅读理解专项针对性练习 Ш.新课标高频词汇提取及训练 Ⅳ.参考译文赏析 【原文·外刊阅读】 China Brings Samples From the Moon’s Far Side to Earth in First-Ever Feat （文章来源：Smith Sonian Mag） In a global first, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon, a feat that will offer scientists an unprecedented opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face that is never visible from Earth. The samples re-entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed via parachute in rural Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region in northern China. They were secured in a re-entry capsule that detached from a larger spacecraft, called Chang’e-6. The entire mission, the sixth leg of the Chinese space agency’s Chang’e project, lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research. “Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao, a planetary geologist at China University of Geosciences, tells the New York Times’ Katrina Miller. “This is a major event for scientists worldwide… a cause for celebration for all humanity.” Launched on May 3, the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules: an ascender, an orbiter, a lunar lander and a return capsule. It reached lunar orbit five days later, where it remained for several weeks. On June 1, the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in its oldest and largest impact crater, known as the South Pole-Aitken basin. This itself was no small feat: Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult, because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth. To get around this problem, CNSA engineers used two relay satellites, Queqiao and Queqiao-2, launched ahead of this mission, to communicate with the spacecraft. Once on the moon, Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm’s scoop and drill to collect 4.4 pounds of lunar material from impact crater. Compared to the lunar face we can see, the far side of the moon has a thicker crust, fewer ancient lava plains called maria and a greater number of craters and debris from collisions. “Recovering samples from the far side is tremendously exciting scientifically, as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” Martin Barstow, an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England, tells the Guardian’s Ian Sample. “It has been processed very differently to the side of the moon facing us, which has been extensively resurfaced by volcanic activity in the past, creating the maria from which most samples have been obtained.” The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3, then united with the orbiter days later. It began its Earth-bound journey on June 21, culminating in its arrival to China this week. Scientists hope the newly secured material will offer clear evidence of the history of lunar asteroid impacts, which could, in turn, shed light on impacts to the early Earth. Most known basins on the moon formed from a barrage of space rocks some 3.9 billion years ago, during a period known as the Late Heavy Bombardment. It is likely, astronomers say, that asteroid showers that hit the moon also hit our home planet. “This also has implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth,” the Planetary Society’s Jason Davis wrote earlier this year. “It’s possible that asteroids carried water and organic materials to Earth during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Understanding the timing and circumstances of this event is critical for unpacking our origin story.” There is also a possibility, because the South Pole-Aitken basin is so deep, that the lunar mantle is exposed within it. If sediment from this layer were contained in the Chang’e-6 samples, scientists could uncover significant clues about the moon’s interior and origins. “It’s a long shot, but it’s worth looking,” Ian Crawford, a planetary scientist at Birkbeck, University of London, tells the Guardian. A number of countries—including the U.S., China and Russia—have been ramping up their planned exploration of, and human presence on, the lunar surface. The possibility for extraction of the moon’s untapped resources—and its location as a launching-off point toward Mars—remain incentives for nations to go to the moon. 【原创·阅读理解】 1. What is the main achievement of the Chang’e-6 mission? A. It successfully landed on the near side of the moon. B. It retrieved rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon. C. It established a lunar base for future missions. D. It launched the first manned mission to the moon. 【答案】B 【解析】文章强调，嫦娥六号任务的主要成就是从月球背面取回样本，这是以前从未做过的。 2. How did CNSA engineers overcome the communication challenge with the Chang’e-6 spacecraft? A. By using a more powerful radio signal B. By sending signals through a lunar lander C. By employing two relay satellites D. By increasing the spacecraft’s signal range 【答案】C 【解析】文章解释说，由于月球阻挡了来自地球的直接无线电信号，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。 3. What significant feature of the far side of the moon does the article mention? A. It has more lava plains compared to the near side. B. It is covered with a thicker crust and has more craters. C. It has less impact debris than the near side. D. It has more volcanic activity compared to the near side. 【答案】B 【解析】这篇文章将月球的远侧描述为与近侧相比，地壳更厚，古代熔岩平原更少，陨石坑和碎片更多。 4. What potential scientific benefit is expected from studying the samples retrieved by Chang’e-6? A. Understanding the effects of volcanic activity on the moon. B. Gaining insights into the origins of life on Earth. C. Discovering new methods of space travel. D. Identifying new resources for lunar colonization. 【答案】B 【解析】文章提到，研究月球样本可以提供对地球上生命起源的见解，特别是通过了解小行星撞击及其在输送水和有机物质方面的作用。 【高频词汇训练】 1．Without telescope, many stars overhead are (visible) to the naked eye even in the clear night sky. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】invisible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果没有望远镜，即使在晴朗的夜空中，肉眼也看不见头顶上的许多星星。空处作表语，结合句意可知，形容词invisible“看不见的”符合题意。故填invisible。 2．Astronomers say this is a natural phenomenon that (happen) for a century. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has been happening 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：天文学家表示，这是一种已经发生了一个世纪的自然现象。根据句意和时间状语for a century可知谓语动词happen“发生”使用现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在；主语that指代先行词a natural phenomenon，因此助动词用has。故填has been happening。 3．The rescue team (consist) of firefighters that have first aid skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consists 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：救援队由具有急救技能的消防队员组成。根据“have”可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。 4．Nixon’s (visit) China marked a new ear between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】visiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尼克松访华标志着美中外交关系进入了新的一年。空前是名词所有格，空格后有China作宾语，所以空处应填动名词作主语。故填visiting。 5．In the face of a changing climate and an ever­growing population, strengthening the world’s future food (secure) has never been more important. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】security 【详解】考查名词。句意：面对不断变化的气候和不断增长的人口，加强世界未来的粮食安全从未像现在这样重要。分析句子可知，设空处是动词strengthen的宾语，应使用名词security，表示“保护措施，安全工作”不可数。故填security。 6．With more problems related to environment appearing, the effects of climate change (explore) now by scientists around the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being explored 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着越来越多与环境有关的问题出现，气候变化的影响正在被世界各地的科学家们所探索。explore(探索)是句中谓语动词，与主语the effects(影响)之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语now，描述现阶段正在发生的事情，应使用现在进行时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在进行时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are being explored。 7．Once (expose) to light, the film will be damaged and get useless., the film will be damaged and get useless. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查省略。句意：一旦曝光，胶卷就要被损坏而不能用了。once引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。从句可以还原为Once (the film is) exposed to light。故答案是exposed。 8．The (extend) of the subway will take several months. The bank plans various (extension) to its credit facilities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 extension extensions 【详解】考查名词。句意：地铁的延伸将需要几个月的时间。该银行计划以各种扩展方案扩大其信贷服务。第一空the+n.+of结构中填名词extension“延伸”（表示抽象意义，不可数），作主语。第二空various“各种各样的”后跟名词extension“延期”（表示“延长期，放款期限”为可数名词）的复数，作宾语。故填extension；extensions。 9．China （develop）at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has developed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的二十年里，中国以前所未有的速度飞速发展。during the past two decades表示在过去一段时间，用现在完成时。故填has developed。 10．She (signal) the other girls that everything was all right. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】signaled 【详解】考查时态。句意：她向其他女孩示意一切都好。空格处缺少谓语动词，根据后文was可知句子时态为一般过去时。故填signaled。 11．Crossing the North Pole on foot was an amazing feat of human e . (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】endeavour/ndeavour 【详解】考查名词。句意：徒步穿越北极是人类的一项惊人壮举。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词endeavour，作宾语，不可数名词。故填endeavour。 12．For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them in a basin of cold water, s the water out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour. 【答案】squeezing/queezing 【详解】考查动词。句意：对于二度烧伤。为保持衣物凉爽，将衣物放在一盆冷水中，挤出水，反复放置在烧伤区域约一小时。分析句子，可知后句的and placing them中的动词用了doing形式。在根据句意，故填squeezing。 【参考译文】 中国首次将月球背面的样本带回地球 在全球范围内，中国国家航天局（CNSA）首次成功地从月球背面取回了岩石和土壤样本，这一壮举将为科学家提供前所未有的机会，研究地球上从未见过的鲜为人知的月球表面。 周二，这些样本重新进入地球大气层，并通过降落伞降落在中国北方自治区内蒙古农村。它们被固定在一个从更大的航天器嫦娥六号上分离出来的返回舱中。整个任务是中国航天局嫦娥项目的第六站，持续了近两个月，标志着月球研究的一个里程碑。 “嫦娥六号是人类历史上第一次从月球远端返回样本的任务，”中国地质大学行星地质学家龙晓告诉《纽约时报》的卡特琳娜·米勒。“这对全世界的科学家来说是一件大事……全人类都应该庆祝。” 嫦娥六号于5月3日发射，由四个模块组成：上升器、轨道器、月球着陆器和返回舱。五天后，它到达了月球轨道，并在那里停留了几个星期。6月1日，着陆器成功下降并降落在月球最古老、最大的撞击坑，即南极艾特肯盆地。 这本身就是一项不小的壮举：在月球背面指挥航天器的运动是困难的，因为月球会阻挡来自地球的无线电信号。为了解决这个问题，中国国家航天局的工程师使用了在这次任务之前发射的两颗中继卫星“鹊桥”和“鹊桥二号”与航天器进行通信。 一旦登上月球，嫦娥六号就使用机械臂的铲子和钻头从撞击坑中收集了4.4磅的月球物质。与我们看到的月球表面相比，月球的背面有更厚的地壳，更少的被称为玛丽亚的古老熔岩平原，以及更多的撞击坑和碎片。 英国莱斯特大学的天体物理学家Martin Barstow告诉《卫报》的Ian Sample：“从远处回收样本在科学上非常令人兴奋，因为我们对那里的地质信息非常有限。”。“它的处理方式与面向我们的月球侧面非常不同，过去火山活动曾广泛地重新浮出月球表面，形成了大多数样本都是从中获得的玛丽亚。” 6月3日，在航天器的上升器中从月球表面发射的岩石集合，几天后与轨道器结合。它于6月21日开始了它的地球之旅，最终于本周抵达中国。 科学家们希望新获得的材料将为月球小行星撞击的历史提供明确的证据，这反过来又可以揭示对早期地球的影响。月球上大多数已知的盆地是在大约39亿年前，即所谓的晚期重轰炸时期，由一系列太空岩石形成的。天文学家说，撞击月球的小行星阵雨很可能也撞击了我们的家园星球。 行星学会的杰森·戴维斯今年早些时候写道：“这也对理解地球上生命的起源产生了影响。”。“在晚期重轰炸期间，小行星可能将水和有机物质带到了地球。了解这一事件的时间和情况对于解开我们的起源故事至关重要。” 还有一种可能性，因为南极艾特肯盆地太深，月球地幔暴露在其中。如果嫦娥六号样本中含有这一层的沉积物，科学家们可能会发现有关月球内部和起源的重要线索。 伦敦大学伯克贝克分校的行星科学家伊恩·克劳福德告诉《卫报》：“(尽管)它可能性不大,但却值得试一下。”。 包括美国、中国和俄罗斯在内的一些国家一直在加紧计划中的月球表面探索和人类活动。开采月球未开发资源的可能性及其作为火星发射点的位置仍然是各国登月的动力。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！8 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$