专题40 情态动词和虚拟语气用法讲练测 (五年真题+备考策略+名校模拟+原创语填) -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案 （北师大版2019）

2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019） 第三章 核心语法 专题40 情态动词和虚拟语气用法讲练测 (五年真题+备考策略+名校模拟+原创语填) 原卷版 目录 一、高考真题—情态动词和虚拟语气5大考点25例真题分类通关 1 二、备考策略—情态动词和虚拟语气5大考向+思维导图+考点归纳 4 三、名校模拟—情态动词和虚拟语气最新高频易错单句填空30例 9 四、原创语填—复旦首位盲人研究生毕业回乡任教 12 一、五年高考真题分类通关 真题调研一：if虚拟语气条件句的用法 1.（2020江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ______________(be) where I am. 2.（2018北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers. 3.（2018天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach 4.（2017北京卷）If the new safety system _______(put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 5.（2017江苏卷）_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 6.（2016北京卷）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________(tell) me, I could have helped. 7.（2016天津卷） I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would _________(injure). 8.（2016浙江卷）Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths would not _______(fall) since their highest in 2005. 9.(2014福建卷)________ there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 10.(2013北京卷)If we ______(book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. 真题调研二：虚拟语气含蓄条件句的用法 11.（2019江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________________(have) a good time together. 12. （2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 13.（2017天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday. 14. (2015重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t __________(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 真题调研三：虚拟语气在特殊句型中的用法 15.（2018江苏卷）It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. 16.（2018江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved. 17.(2015天津卷)I needn’t ___________(worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 18.(2015天津卷)I wish I ______(be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 真题调研四：考查“情态动词+have done”的用法 19.（2018天津卷）I can't find my purse. I could ___________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. 20.(2015福建卷)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You should (make) e full preparations. 真题调研五：考查“情态动词+be done”的用法 21.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 22.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 23.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 24.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 25.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 二、情态动词和虚拟语气考点支架式备考策略 一、情态动词和虚拟语气高考考向 动向一、情态动词表示推测的用法 动向二、情态动词+be+过去分词的用法 动向三、情态动词+have+过去分词的用法 动向四、if虚拟语气条件句的用法 动向五、虚拟语气在特点句型中的用法 二、情态动词和虚拟语气思维导图 三、情态动词的基本用法 1. 表示“可以”时常用may，can；表示“不可以”用can't。 You can/may take whatever you like in this room. 你可以拿走这个屋子里你喜欢的任何东西。 2. 表示“必须”常用must和have to。must强调说话人的主观意志，而have to表示客观需要。 You must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal. 如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。 3. can表示“能力”，could表示过去的能力，一般情况下可以与be able to互换。 I think the baby can/will be able to walk in another two months. 我认为那个婴儿再过两个月就能走路了。 We were lucky that the weather was fine that day and we were able to see the sunrise. 我们很幸运那天的天气很好，我们看到了日出。 4. 表示“应该”时用should和ought to。 Jane took off her yellow blouse，thinking that she should go to an open area if they came back again. 简脱下她的黄衬衫，心想如果他们再回来的话，她应该到一个空旷的地方。 5. will表示“意愿”或表示“习惯性、倾向性”，过去式为would。 Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水会死。 6. shall用于第二、三人称，表许诺、决心、命令或警告等。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们的其中一项规定是学生在校期间必须穿校服。 7. need/dare既可以用作情态动词，也可以作实义动词。 You needn't get the machine repaired this week. I won't need it until next month. 这周你不必请人修理机器，我到下个月才用。 四、情态动词表推测 1. 表肯定：can表示客观上的可能，意为“有时会”；may/might/could表示可能；must表示一定；should/ought to表示应该。 Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now.快点！他们现在一定在等我们。 There are some health problems that，when not treated in time，can become bigger ones later on. 有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后会变得更严重。 2. 表否定：can't/couldn't表示不可能；may not/might not表示可能不；shouldn't/oughtn't to表示应该不会。 This can't be done by him.这不可能是他做的。 3. 表疑问：can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。 Where can she have put it?她到底把它放哪儿了呢？ 五、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 1. 对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测。 must have done (过去)一定……；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may (might) have done (过去)可能……；语气不确定；用于肯定句 can (could) have done 用于否定句或疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 2. 表示“与过去事实相反”。 could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去可能做某事但实际上没做 六、虚拟语气用法 1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用。 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事 实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 2. 含蓄条件句 (1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)来表示。 We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 (2)用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise，he would have come to the party. 他昨天太忙了，否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。 3. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句 (1)在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。 学生用书↓第265页 (2)在would rather(that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 (4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 (5)三个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 It is (high) time that... 过去式或“should＋动词原形” 三、易错题强化训练30题 1. It is required that the students _________ not use mobile phones in their school, so seldom will you see them using one. 2. The teacher suggests that we _________ remember English words by reading them aloud instead of by just seeing and writing them. 3. The customers insisted that action _________ be taken to ensure the safety of food. 4. My advice is that you _________ (practice) Speaking English as often as possible. 5. I_________ (realize) the experience that I was heading for was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully. 6. The book was so interesting that I strongly recommended that we _________ (share) it with others. 7. How I wish he_________ (live) in China now! 8. He proposed that a fund _________ (establish) to raise money. 9. He desired all the students _________ (wear) the school uniform to attend the party. 10. He is smiling happily as if nothing _________ (happen). 11. My boss insisted that all the papers_________ (hand) in on time. Otherwise, I would be fired. 12. Tom was caught copying others’ homework. He wishes that he_________ (not copy) others’ homework. 13. I highly recommend that The Old Man and the Sea_________ (read) carefully. 14. It is time that we _________ (take) effective measures to stop the situation from going from bad to worse. 15. It’s very warm today. It seems as if it _________ (be) spring already. 16. If I _________ (be) you, I would not do the work in this way. 17. If I _________ (be) to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home. 18.If I _________ (have) enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all. 19. They urged that the Science Museum (keep) open during the vacation. 20. Even though we met for the first time, he talked as if we _________ (know) each other before. 21. It is urgent that effective measures _________ (take) to reduce traffic accidents and make our roads safe. 22. The judge ordered that smoking_________ (prohibit) in restaurants. 23. If it _________ (repair) earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down. 24. The film was boring. If only I _________ (not, see) it last night! 25. If he _________ (take) my advice, he would have passed the driving test. 26.I recommend that we _________ (put) off the meeting because of the bad weather. 27. The government official demanded that he _________ (tell) everything about the damage the flood had caused. 28. It is necessary that every rule we set up _________ (apply) to everyone. 29. But for the medical team’s efforts, more lives _________ (claim) in this pandemic. 30. The pianist listened to our request that he _________（play）in public again. 四、原创语法填空语篇训练 Visually-impaired Fudan graduate aims to inspire others 复旦首位盲人研究生毕业回乡任教 Zhu Lingjun, who created history four years ago by becoming the first visually-impaired student to enroll at Fudan University, is now continuing her 1 (inspire) story by becoming a special education teacher to help others. The 25-year-old from Wuxi, Jiangsu province, was born blind but recovered a limited sense of sight after surgery when she was 4 months old. When she reached school age, her parents 2 (send) her to the Shanghai Blind Children School. Through her and hard work, she secured a place at East China Normal University in 2018 and then at Fudan University for a postgraduate course without having to sit for a test due to her excellent 3 (academy) academic performance. 4 touched Zhu the most was that the university even relocated some classrooms for optional courses she took to a building nearer to the dormitory, making 5 easier for her to attend. The move also got support from her teachers and schoolmates, some of 6 even provided more thoughtful ideas, such as making notes for Zhu about the places on campus that she should be attentive to while walking. Beyond study, she scooped up gold medals in swimming competitions 7 (organize) by Wuxi for the disabled. She also developed many hobbies such as singing, swimming and playing erhu (a two-stringed bowed instrument). During the 2020 pandemic, she volunteered 8 (serve) as a community volunteer and became an "online companion" for a child with an intellectual 9 (disable). "I want to engage in charity work related to the visually impaired community. I want to become a 'beacon' and 'crane' for the visually impaired, helping them better integrate 10 society," Zhu said. 【新闻背景】 今年24岁的无锡女孩朱苓君从小双目失明，历经19年艰辛求学，现在是复旦大学首位盲人研究生。即将毕业的她，刚刚面试成功无锡盲校的老师，成为无锡第一位盲人教师。朱苓君表示，越来越发现自己本身就可以成为别人的光亮。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019） 第三章 核心语法 专题40 情态动词和虚拟语气用法讲练测 (五年真题+备考策略+名校模拟+原创语填) 解析版 目录 一、高考真题—情态动词和虚拟语气5大考点25例真题分类通关 1 二、备考策略—情态动词和虚拟语气5大考向+思维导图+考点归纳 4 三、名校模拟—情态动词和虚拟语气最新高频易错单句填空30例 9 四、原创语填—复旦首位盲人研究生毕业回乡任教 12 一、五年高考真题分类通关 真题调研一：if虚拟语气条件句的用法 1.（2020江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ______________(be) where I am. 答案：wouldn’t be 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故填wouldn’t be。 2.（2018北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers. 答案：had driven 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故填had driven。 3.（2018天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach 答案：had caught 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故填had caught。 4.（2017北京卷）If the new safety system _______(put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 答案：had been put 解析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故填had been put。 5.（2017江苏卷）_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 答案：Were 解析：考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。 6.（2016北京卷）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________(tell) me, I could have helped. 答案：had told 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故填had told。 7.（2016天津卷） I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would _________(injure). 答案：have been injured 解析：句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选填have been injured。 8.（2016浙江卷）Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths would not _______(fall) since their highest in 2005. 答案：have fallen 解析：句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，if条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故填have fallen。 9.(2014福建卷)________ there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 答案：Were 解析：句意：要是没有现代化的通讯，我们将不得不等待若干个星期才能获得来自世界各地的消息。“要是没有现代化的通讯”是对现在情况的一种假设，故从句中使用一般过去时态，省略if后把were提到从句主语之前。故填Were。 10.(2013北京卷)If we ______(book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. 答案：had booked 解析：本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个包含了一个条件状语从句的复合句，从主句的谓语动词would be standing 可以推出，用的是虚拟语气，这样，if就是一个虚拟条件句，“订餐”是发生在过去，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，句中谓语动词应该用had done的形式，因此锁定答案。 真题调研二：虚拟语气含蓄条件句的用法 11.（2019江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________________(have) a good time together. 答案：would have had 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故填would have had。 12. （2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 答案：would have accomplished 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故填would have accomplished。 13.（2017天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday. 答案：wouldn’t have been 解析：句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t have done，故填wouldn’t have been。 14. (2015重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t __________(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 答案： have written 解析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此填have written。 真题调研三：虚拟语气在特殊句型中的用法 15.（2018江苏卷）It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. 答案：should 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故填should。 16.（2018江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved. 答案：had 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故填had。 17.(2015天津卷)I needn’t ___________(worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 答案：have worried 解析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可填have worried。 18.(2015天津卷)I wish I ______(be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 答案：had been 解析：句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可填had been。 真题调研四：考查“情态动词+have done”的用法 19.（2018天津卷）I can't find my purse. I could ___________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. 答案：have left 解析：考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故填have left。 20.(2015福建卷)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You should (make) e full preparations. 答案：have mad 解析：试题分析:考查情态动词+have done结构。这里是情态+have done 的结构的虚拟语气， should+have+done"意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。该对话意思为: -对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败---噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。故填have mad。 真题调研五：考查“情态动词+be done”的用法 21.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 答案：be done 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 22.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 答案：be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 23.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 24.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 答案：be appreciated 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 25.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 答案：be chosen 【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。 二、情态动词和虚拟语气考点支架式备考策略 一、情态动词和虚拟语气高考考向 动向一、情态动词表示推测的用法 动向二、情态动词+be+过去分词的用法 动向三、情态动词+have+过去分词的用法 动向四、if虚拟语气条件句的用法 动向五、虚拟语气在特点句型中的用法 二、情态动词和虚拟语气思维导图 三、情态动词的基本用法 1. 表示“可以”时常用may，can；表示“不可以”用can't。 You can/may take whatever you like in this room. 你可以拿走这个屋子里你喜欢的任何东西。 2. 表示“必须”常用must和have to。must强调说话人的主观意志，而have to表示客观需要。 You must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal. 如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。 3. can表示“能力”，could表示过去的能力，一般情况下可以与be able to互换。 I think the baby can/will be able to walk in another two months. 我认为那个婴儿再过两个月就能走路了。 We were lucky that the weather was fine that day and we were able to see the sunrise. 我们很幸运那天的天气很好，我们看到了日出。 4. 表示“应该”时用should和ought to。 Jane took off her yellow blouse，thinking that she should go to an open area if they came back again. 简脱下她的黄衬衫，心想如果他们再回来的话，她应该到一个空旷的地方。 5. will表示“意愿”或表示“习惯性、倾向性”，过去式为would。 Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水会死。 6. shall用于第二、三人称，表许诺、决心、命令或警告等。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们的其中一项规定是学生在校期间必须穿校服。 7. need/dare既可以用作情态动词，也可以作实义动词。 You needn't get the machine repaired this week. I won't need it until next month. 这周你不必请人修理机器，我到下个月才用。 四、情态动词表推测 1. 表肯定：can表示客观上的可能，意为“有时会”；may/might/could表示可能；must表示一定；should/ought to表示应该。 Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now.快点！他们现在一定在等我们。 There are some health problems that，when not treated in time，can become bigger ones later on. 有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后会变得更严重。 2. 表否定：can't/couldn't表示不可能；may not/might not表示可能不；shouldn't/oughtn't to表示应该不会。 This can't be done by him.这不可能是他做的。 3. 表疑问：can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。 Where can she have put it?她到底把它放哪儿了呢？ 五、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 1. 对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测。 must have done (过去)一定……；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may (might) have done (过去)可能……；语气不确定；用于肯定句 can (could) have done 用于否定句或疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 2. 表示“与过去事实相反”。 could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去可能做某事但实际上没做 六、虚拟语气用法 1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用。 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事 实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 2. 含蓄条件句 (1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)来表示。 We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 (2)用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise，he would have come to the party. 他昨天太忙了，否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。 3. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句 (1)在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。 学生用书↓第265页 (2)在would rather(that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 (4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 (5)三个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 It is (high) time that... 过去式或“should＋动词原形” 三、易错题强化训练30题 1. It is required that the students _________ not use mobile phones in their school, so seldom will you see them using one. 【答案】should 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：学校要求学生不应该在学校里使用手机，所以你很少看到他们使用。在“It is required that...”句型中，“that”引导的主语从句需用虚拟语气，即：“(should+)动词原形”，故答案是should。 2. The teacher suggests that we _________ remember English words by reading them aloud instead of by just seeing and writing them. 【答案】should 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议我们应该通过大声朗读来记住英语单词，而不是仅仅通过看和写来记住。在suggest后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词使用“(should)+动词原形”，故填should。 3. The customers insisted that action _________ be taken to ensure the safety of food. 【答案】should 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：顾客们坚持应该采取行动确保食品的安全。insist“坚持”，当insist表示坚持要求做某事的时候，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”。故填should。 4. My advice is that you _________ (practice) Speaking English as often as possible. 【答案】should practice/practice 【详解】考查表语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。句子主语advice表示“建议”，that引导的表语从句应用虚拟语气，从句谓语应用“should+动词原形”形式，其中should可以省略。故填(should) practice。 5. I_________ (realize) the experience that I was heading for was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully. 【答案】would have realized 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我仔细阅读了宣传册，我就会意识到我即将前往的体验一点也不无聊。由句意及 had I read the brochure carefully为if引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，从句时态为过去完成时，此时主句应用would+have done的结构。故答案为would have realized。 6. The book was so interesting that I strongly recommended that we _________ (share) it with others. 【答案】share/should share 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这本书非常有趣，我强烈建议我们与其他人分享。recommend意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词须用（should）do。故填(should) share。 7. How I wish he_________ (live) in China now! 【答案】lived 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望他现在住在中国啊! 分析可知，“he _________ (live) in China now”应是动词“wish(希望)”的宾语从句，这里应是使用虚拟语气句式，结合时间状语“now”可知，应是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时。因此，这里应是用动词过去式。故填lived。 8. He proposed that a fund _________ (establish) to raise money. 【答案】should be established/be established 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：他提议成立一个基金会来筹集资金。动词proposed后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should do，should可省略，a fund和establish为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填(should) be established。 9. He desired all the students _________ (wear) the school uniform to attend the party. 【答案】should wear/wear 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他期望所有的学生都穿校服去参加晚会。观察句子可知，desired后面为宾语从句，此处表示期望的内容，不是客观事实，用虚拟语气，宾语从句中的虚拟语气用(should) do结构，should可以省略。故填(should) wear。 10. He is smiling happily as if nothing _________ (happen). 【答案】had happened 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他开心地笑着，好像什么事也没发生过。在as if 从句中，如果说话人认为句子所述事情不真实或与实际情况不符，需使用虚拟语气，如果所述情况是与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时态；happen是as if引导的方式状语从句中谓语动词，根据句意可知，说话人认为他只是假装好像什么事也没发生过，但过去的真实情况并非如此，与过去事实相反，应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词happen用过去完成时态had happened。故填had happened。 11. My boss insisted that all the papers_________ (hand) in on time. Otherwise, I would be fired. 【答案】should be handed/be handed 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的老板坚持所有的论文都要按时交上来。否则，我会被解雇的。表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should 可省略；句中动词insist意为“坚决认为，坚持说”，其后跟宾语从句，从句需用虚拟语气，且宾语从句中谓语动词hand与主语all the papers之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填should be handed/be handed。 12. Tom was caught copying others’ homework. He wishes that he_________ (not copy) others’ homework. 【答案】had not copied 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆抄袭别人的作业被抓住了。他真希望自己没有抄别人的作业。wish 后的宾语从句中常常使用虚拟语气来表达对现在、过去或将来的愿望、假设或想象；表达对过去的愿望或假设时，谓语动词用过去完成时“had done”，结合提示用过去完成时的否定形式had not copied。故填had not copied。 13. I highly recommend that The Old Man and the Sea_________ (read) carefully. 【答案】should be read/be read 【详解】考查宾语从句的虚拟语气。句意：我强烈建议你仔细阅读《老人与海》。空格处在宾语从句中作谓语，动词recommend意为“建议”时，其后的宾语从句谓语应用虚拟语气形式：should+动词原形，should可省略，主语The Old Man and the Sea和动词read之间为被动关系，应用should+be+过去分词。故填(should)be read。 14. It is time that we _________ (take) effective measures to stop the situation from going from bad to worse. 【答案】took/should take 【详解】考查动词短语和虚拟语气用法。句意：该是我们采取有效措施阻止形势进一步恶化的时候了。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语take measures to do“采取措施做某事”，满足句意要求，结合句子结构可知，该句为It is time that…的虚拟语气固定句型，所以此处应为虚拟语气用法，即谓语动词用一般过去时或者should do形式。故填took/should take。 15. It’s very warm today. It seems as if it _________ (be) spring already. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：今天很暖和。好像已经是春天了。分析句子可知，本句中as if引导的从句要用虚拟语气，表示与“现在的实际情况”相反，即“现在实际上不是春季”，所以be动词用过去式，虚拟语气中用were，故填were。 16. If I _________ (be) you, I would not do the work in this way. 【答案】were 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：如果我是你，我就不会用这种方式做这项工作。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处为虚拟条件状语从句，表示与现在事实相反的情况，be动词应为were。故填were。 17. If I _________ (be) to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我明天见到他，我会邀请他回家。这里为if条件句中的虚拟语气，与将来事实可能相反，从句用过去式/were to do/should＋do。故填were。 18.If I _________ (have) enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all. 【答案】had 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有足够的钱，我会先给自己买一台电脑。根据句意和后文would buy可知，本句为虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反，条件句中用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填had。 19. They urged that the Science Museum (keep) open during the vacation. 【答案】should be kept/be kept 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们强烈要求科学博物馆在假期期间保持开放。urge表示“敦促，竭力主张”，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分用“(should)+动词原形”，且动词keep和主语“the Science Museum”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填(should) be kept。 20. Even though we met for the first time, he talked as if we _________ (know) each other before. 【答案】had known 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：虽然我们是第一次见面，但他说话的样子就好像我们以前就认识似的。分析句子可知，空处作as if“好像，仿佛”引导的方式状语从句的谓语，表示与过去的事实相反的情况，应用过去完成时。故填had known。 21. It is urgent that effective measures _________ (take) to reduce traffic accidents and make our roads safe. 【答案】should be taken/be taken 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：迫切需要采取有效措施来减少交通事故，使我们的道路安全。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导主语从句的谓语，此处it is urgent that sb (should) do为固定句型，从句需用虚拟语气。此处measures与take之间是被动关系，故使用情态动词的被动语态结构。其中should可以省略。故填should be taken或者be taken。 22. The judge ordered that smoking_________ (prohibit) in restaurants. 【答案】be prohibited 【详解】考查语态和虚拟语气。句意：法官下令禁止在餐馆吸烟。动词order后宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”；分析句子可知，动词prohibit是order后宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语smoking之间是被动关系，用被动语态和虚拟语气形式(should) be prohibited，should可省略。故填be prohibited。 23. If it _________ (repair) earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down. 【答案】had been repaired 【详解】考查时态和语态：句意：如果早点修理，这台印刷机就不会坏了。谓语动词repair和主语it之间是被动关系，根据后文would not have broken可知，此处为虚拟语气，虚拟过去，条件句中应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sent。 24. The film was boring. If only I _________ (not, see) it last night! 【答案】hadn’t seen 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这部电影很无聊。要是我昨晚没看到就好了！If only后接虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，虚拟过去应用过去完成时。故填hadn’t seen。 25. If he _________ (take) my advice, he would have passed the driving test. 【答案】had taken 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他听了我的劝告，他就会通过驾驶考试了。分析句子结构可知，本句话使用了if引导的虚拟条件句，空处为从句的谓语动词。根据主句中的“would have passed”可知，本句话是和过去事实相反的情况，所以从句中用过去完成时态。故填had taken。 26.I recommend that we _________ (put) off the meeting because of the bad weather. 【答案】put/should put 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：由于天气不好，我建议我们推迟会议。空处位于recommend后that引导的宾语从句中作从句的谓语动词，recommend“建议”后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词应该用“(should) + 动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。故填put/should put。 27. The government official demanded that he _________ (tell) everything about the damage the flood had caused. 【答案】(should) be told 【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：那位政府官员要求把洪水造成的损失的全部情况告诉他。动词demand(要求)后宾语从句中需要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should) do；从句谓语动词tell(告诉，告知)与其主语he之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填(should) be told。 28. It is necessary that every rule we set up _________ (apply) to everyone. 【答案】should apply/apply 【详解】考查主语从句的虚拟语气。句意：我们制定的每一条规则必须适用于每个人。该句为it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，we set up是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词every rule，在It is necessary that结构中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略，所以此处可以使用should apply或者apply。故填should apply/apply。 29. But for the medical team’s efforts, more lives _________ (claim) in this pandemic. 【答案】would have been claimed 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是医疗队的努力，这场大流行病会夺去更多的生命。这是一个含蓄虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句：主语 + should(would, could, might)+have done+其他。claim 意思是夺去，“生命”和“夺去”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填would have been claimed。 30. The pianist listened to our request that he _________（play）in public again. 【答案】should play/play 【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：钢琴家听从了我们的要求，再次在公众场合演奏。此处为名词request（表示“请求”）后接that引导的同位语从句，在该从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气，即谓语动词应为(should) +do形式。故填(should) play。 四、原创语法填空语篇训练 Visually-impaired Fudan graduate aims to inspire others 复旦首位盲人研究生毕业回乡任教 Zhu Lingjun, who created history four years ago by becoming the first visually-impaired student to enroll at Fudan University, is now continuing her 1 (inspire) story by becoming a special education teacher to help others. The 25-year-old from Wuxi, Jiangsu province, was born blind but recovered a limited sense of sight after surgery when she was 4 months old. When she reached school age, her parents 2 (send) her to the Shanghai Blind Children School. Through her and hard work, she secured a place at East China Normal University in 2018 and then at Fudan University for a postgraduate course without having to sit for a test due to her excellent 3 (academy) academic performance. 4 touched Zhu the most was that the university even relocated some classrooms for optional courses she took to a building nearer to the dormitory, making 5 easier for her to attend. The move also got support from her teachers and schoolmates, some of 6 even provided more thoughtful ideas, such as making notes for Zhu about the places on campus that she should be attentive to while walking. Beyond study, she scooped up gold medals in swimming competitions 7 (organize) by Wuxi for the disabled. She also developed many hobbies such as singing, swimming and playing erhu (a two-stringed bowed instrument). During the 2020 pandemic, she volunteered 8 (serve) as a community volunteer and became an "online companion" for a child with an intellectual 9 (disable). "I want to engage in charity work related to the visually impaired community. I want to become a 'beacon' and 'crane' for the visually impaired, helping them better integrate 10 society," Zhu said. 【参考答案】 1. inspiring 2. sent 3. perseverance 4. What 5. it 6. whom 7. organized 8. to serve 9. disability 10. into 【新闻背景】 今年24岁的无锡女孩朱苓君从小双目失明，历经19年艰辛求学，现在是复旦大学首位盲人研究生。即将毕业的她，刚刚面试成功无锡盲校的老师，成为无锡第一位盲人教师。朱苓君表示，越来越发现自己本身就可以成为别人的光亮。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$