UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A We take for granted many of the materials used in modern life. However，without major advances in chemistry，many everyday things would not exist. This is why the invention of the periodic table of the elements(元素周期表) was so important. It really opened the door to many future achievements in chemistry and is still very much in use today. Dmitri Mendeleev (1834－1907) of Russia is credited with the invention of the first reliable periodic table. In the middle of the 19th century，only 63 elements had been found. Mendeleev was eager to increase our knowledge of them. He wrote down the atomic mass(原子质量) of each element on cards and reorganized them again and again. After several months，he realized that the physical and chemical characteristics of elements were related to their atomic mass. So he lined them up in order of their atomic mass from light to heavy and then put those with similar characteristics in columns. Mendeleev's road to science success wasn't an easy one. He lost his father at a young age and his large family was poor. Luckily，he had a strong­willed mother who made his education her top priority(优先的事). She moved several times so that Mendeleev could go to a good university. After being rejected many times，Mendeleev began his studies in 1850. Unfortunately，this wasn't the end of his troubles. Mendeleev suffered from a serious illness for many years，during which time he worked from bed. In spite of his misfortunes，Mendeleev was able to make great achievements in science through his determination to succeed in his work. Mendeleev was not only an excellent chemist，but also a pioneer in shipbuilding and even suitcase­making. He found a special material that helped him make excellent suitcases that were highly valued. And he also had a hand in building the world's first Arctic icebreaker，the Yermak. It played a vital part in the development of modern scientific shipping for trade and war. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄国的化学家门捷列夫的成功之路和主要成就。 1．Why does the author mention “everyday things” in the first paragraph? A．To show a common mistake. B．To introduce a great chemist. C．To give examples of materials. D．To explain the work of inventors. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据“everyday things”所在句及后面的“This is why the invention of the periodic table of the elements(元素周期表) was so important.”可知，作者在第一段提到“日常事物”是为了突出元素周期表的重要性，从而引出发明了第一个可靠的元素周期表的化学家。故选B。 2．What major contribution did Mendeleev make to chemistry? A．He studied the characteristics of elements. B．He found 63 elements in the 19th century. C．He made the first reliable periodic table. D．He wrote down each element on cards. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，门捷列夫对化学的主要贡献是他发明了第一个可靠的元素周期表。故选C。 3．What helped Mendeleev on his road to science success? A．The loss of his father. B．The strong will of his mother. C．His many brothers and sisters. D．The rejections by universities. 解析　B　细节理解题。通读第三段尤其是第三、四句可知，门捷列夫有一位意志坚强的母亲，她非常重视他的教育，这对他的科学成功之路帮助很大。故选B。 4．Which of the following words can best describe Mendeleev? A．Courageous and calm. B．Lucky and strong­willed. C．Cooperative and generous. D．Hardworking and outstanding. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句可推断出，门捷列夫是一个努力的人；根据最后一段第一句可知，门捷列夫在很多方面都有杰出的成就，所以“努力且优秀”可以用来形容他。故选D。 B (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)“I am not crazy，”says Dr.William Farber，shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸)on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.”If he seems a little defensive，it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh.He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医)now practicing“holistic”medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture，chiropractic(按摩疗法)and herbal medicine. Farber，a graduate of Colorado State University，started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle­relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So，after studying the techniques for a couple of years，he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably”after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time，and if the past is any indication，he may be right：Since 1982，membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，”he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That's my job.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。美国兽医 William Farber因背痛尝试中医针灸治疗，之后病症得到缓解，然后他把针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合用于治疗动物。 5．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? A．He's odd.　　　　　 B．He's strict. C．He's brave. D．He's rude. 解析　A　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知，Farber 的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法，再结合第一段中 Farber的话“I am not crazy”可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。B项“他严格”；C项“他勇敢”；D项“他粗鲁”。故选A。 6．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He became interested in alternative treatments...What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.”可知，Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上，也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以决定把针灸应用到宠物身上。A项“他在大学受过针灸训练”；B项“他受到了另一位兽医的启发”；D项“他想为宠物主人省钱”。故选C。 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 解析　D　段落主旨大义题。本段主要介绍了两个动物经过 Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber 的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。A项“按摩疗法的步骤”；B项“兽医工作的复杂性”；C项“罕见动物疾病示例”。故选D。 8．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber's point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 解析　A　写作目的题。根据题干中的“American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association”可将答案定位至最后一段。“Since 1982...grown from 30 to over 700.”具体解释上文中的“the past”，所以作者提到该组织是为了证明前文的“he may be right”，即为了证明 Farber的观点是正确的。B项“为了强调它的重要性”；C项“为了赞扬兽医”；D项“为了提倡动物保护”。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 The rapid development of society has greatly changed the landscape of education. But that never 1 one brilliant girl's resolve to reach for the stars. While most teens are tackling the challenges of middle school，Alena Wicker，has already 2 her high school diploma. After virtually learning in a long­term program，she is 3 to attend Arizona State University this summer. There，she will major in astronomical science and chemistry to 4 her dream of working at NASA where she hopes to 5 her extraordinary skills to build spacecraft after graduation. 6 she wanted to be an astronomer，but then she switched over to engineering. Alena's space journey began with her early 7 for Lego (乐高)，with which she's always played since she was 4. So far，she's built 8 of everything from the Taj Mahal to NASA rockets. She was always amused at her Lego pieces，and if you 9 her Lego pieces，it would be easy for her to put them together. This genius also had remarkable 10 in other aspects of life. Seeing the 11 of opportunities in the STEM (science，technology，engineering and math) fields for women，Alena wanted to make a change. She has 12 a website to encourage other girls with 13 interests to focus on the STEM fields. Alena hopes to set an example for other girls—never let the long­established concept keep us from 14 the course of our own life. “It doesn't matter what you're planning to do，” she said. “Go for it，and then 15 it.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alena Wicker为实现梦想所付出的努力以及其他方面的成就。 1．A.opposed　　　　　 B．conveyed C．identified D．weakened 解析　D　根据前文“The rapid development of society...education.”和后文“one brilliant girl's resolve to reach for the stars”可知，社会的快速发展极大地改变了教育的格局，但是从未动摇(weaken)一个聪明女孩追求梦想的决心。故选D。 2．A.permitted B．obtained C．handled D．rejected 解析　B　根据后文“attend Arizona State University this summer”可知，她已经获得(obtain)了高中文凭，所以今年夏天就可以上大学。故选B。 3．A.ready B．willing C．nervous D．hesitant 解析　A　根据前文“After virtually learning in a long­term program”可知，Alena已经准备好(ready)今年夏天进入亚利桑那州立大学。故选A。 4．A.prove B．change C．pursue D．assess 解析　C　根据后文“her dream of working at NASA”可知，Alena将主修天文科学和化学，以追逐(pursue)她在NASA工作的梦想。故选C。 5．A.employ B．learn C．recover D．discover 解析　A　根据后文“her extraordinary skills to build spacecraft after graduation”可知，Alena希望在毕业后运用(employ)她的非凡技能建造航天飞船。故选A。 6．A.Eventually B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Originally 解析　D　根据后文“she wanted to be an astronomer，but then she switched over to engineering”可知，她起初(originally)想当天文学家，但后来转学工程。故选D。 7．A.request B．hope C．passion D．reason 解析　C　根据后文“with which she's always played since she was 4”可知，此处指她对乐高的热爱(passion)。故选C。 8．A.models B．sites C．patterns D．pictures 解析　A　根据后文“of everything from the Taj Mahal to NASA rockets”可知，她建造了很多模型(model)。故选A。 9．A.showed off B．put away C．handed out D．messed up 解析　D　根据后文“put them together”可知，如果把她的乐高作品弄乱(mess up)，她可以很容易地再将其组合在一起。故选D。 10．A.adaptations B．privileges C．achievements D．explanations 解析　C　结合后文她推出了一个网站鼓励其他有类似兴趣的女孩关注STEM领域可知，这位天才在生活的其他方面也有非凡的成就(achievement)。故选C。 11．A.inequality B．growth C．possibility D．advantage 解析　A　根据后文“Alena wanted to make a change”以及她创建的网站主要是鼓励女孩可知，此处是指女性在STEM领域的机会不平等(inequality)。故选A。 12．A.visited B．launched C．examined D．removed 解析　B　根据后文“a website to encourage other girls”可知，为了鼓励其他女孩关注STEM领域，她启动(launch)了一个网站。故选B。 13．A.diverse B．beneficial C．similar D．typical 解析　C　根据后文“interests to focus on the STEM fields”可知，网站是针对和她有类似(similar)兴趣的女孩的。故选C。 14．A.spreading B．tracking C．recording D．determining 解析　B　根据后文“the course of our own life”可知，此处是指追寻(track)人生轨迹。故选B。 15．A.demonstrate B．try C．share D．accomplish 解析　D　根据上文“It doesn't matter what you're planning to do”可知，重要的不是你计划做什么，而是你勇敢去做并且完成(accomplish)它。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Ever wondered how many calories are in the human body？Or ever wondered why old people have 1. (big) ears than they used to？The winners of Ig Nobel Prizes(搞笑诺贝尔奖) have got the answers. The Ig Nobel Prizes,2. (found) 1991，are to honour achievements 3. first make people laugh, and then make them think.The ceremony 4. (take) place at Harvard University every year.Winners' acceptance 5. (speech) are limited to 60 seconds,6. (strict) monitored by an eight­year­old girl. The honoured research might seem ridiculous 7. first sight, but that doesn't mean it lacks scientific value.For example, the research in 2006 on why dry spaghetti tends to break into more than two pieces when it is bent was important for controlling fractures, which could have applications in everything from the design of highways and bridges 8. the engineering of nanotubes.And a follow­up paper 9. (publish) by MIT physicists several years later.But people are more likely to read about the broken spaghetti than to read an academic paper.Even when there is no immediate usefulness,10. is still good to encourage people to observe and think. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了搞笑诺贝尔奖。搞笑诺贝尔奖听起来似乎很搞笑，但是这并不意味着它缺乏科学价值。 1．解析　bigger　根据设空处后的than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级。故填bigger。 2．解析　founded　分析句子结构可知，句中已有系动词are及谓语动词make，且无并列连词与设空处连接，因此，found应用非谓语形式；found与The Ig Nobel Prizes之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，修饰The Ig Nobel Prizes。故填founded。 3．解析　that/which　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词achievements指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 4．解析　takes　The ceremony为句子的主语，设空处在句中作谓语。此处介绍的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；主语The ceremony为单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式。故填takes。 5．解析　speeches　speech为可数名词，根据后面的are可知此处应用其复数形式。故填speeches。 6．解析　strictly　设空处修饰过去分词monitored，应用副词形式。故填strictly。 7．解析　at　at first sight为固定短语，意为“乍一看；最初看到时”。故填at。 8．解析　to　句意为：比如，2006年关于意大利干面条会在弯曲时断裂成多于两截的研究对断裂控制很重要，其可应用于从公路和桥梁设计到纳米管工程的各个领域。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 9．解析　was published　根据时间状语several years later可知，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时；publish和主语a follow­up paper之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；a follow­up paper是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式。故填was published。 10．解析　it　句意为：即使有时候没有立竿见影的效果，鼓励人们去观察和思考也是好的。Even when there is no immediate usefulness为时间状语从句，在后面的主句中，to encourage people to observe and think是真正的主语，因此应用it作形式主语。故填it。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$