UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·全国乙卷) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. Tan Yunxian(1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. James Barry(c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。 1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians. C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。故选C。 2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials. C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书，因此选A。 3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian. C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler 中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree” 可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人。因此答案为D。 B At the age of 43，while working a full­time job and raising my family，I decided to pursue a doctorate(博士学位)，studying the most successful physician­scientists of our generation to investigate whether there was anything special about their habits，mindsets(思维模式) or lifestyles: something that could be later replicated(复制) in researchers' training programmes. My research focused on Nobel Prize winners，National Institutes of Health directors，Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigators，and winners of top awards such as the Breakthrough Prizes and Lasker Awards. After graduation，I continued my research on success，branching out into studying other extreme high achievers. It is evident in the course of the research that the mindset of a Nobel Prize­winning scientist is analogous to that of an Olympic champion or an astronaut. On this basis，it indicates that if their mindsets are shared across fields in this way，then success becomes a skill that can be learned，going far beyond potential talent. What defines(下定义) success is a mixed bag，and its definition varies among different people. With multiple rounds of research conducted，I consider that successful people are those who have created a shift(转变) in their field，who are recognized for their achievements，and who give back and help others to succeed as well. Generally，they are widely praised in their field，having won notable awards and honors. In my latest book，The Success Factor，I outlined the four mindsets found in extreme high achievers and offered ideas，underlined(强调) by adult­learning theory，on how others can develop the skills required to succeed in a way that fits in with their careers and lives. Of course，simply copying the habits of an award­winning scientist doesn't mean you'll become a Nobel Prize winner，but，by imitating their mindsets，you can set yourself on the path to success. No one aims to be average in life. People want to succeed but often lack the understanding of how to achieve more. By learning from some of the most successful scientists of this generation，we can apply great lessons to our careers. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。作者通过研究一些有极高成就的人的习惯、心态和生活方式等发现，成功是一种可以学习的技能。 4．What can we know about the author when he was 43? A．He started a training program. B．He lost his job due to his poor performance. C．He faced great challenges in raising his family. D．He was determined to take up advanced studies. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在43岁的时候，作者决定攻读博士学位。故选D。 5．What does the underlined part “is analogous to” in paragraph 2 mean most probably? A．Be similar to.　　 B．Be useful for. C．Be contrary to. D．Be fit for. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面一句中的shared可知，画线词前面提到的诺贝尔奖获得者和后面提到的奥运会冠军或宇航员的思维模式应该是有相似之处的。故选A。 6．What did the author stress in his book The Success Factor? A．We'd better investigate adult­learning theory. B．We'd better master more professional skills. C．We should learn from good mindsets. D．We should attach importance to our careers and lives. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者在他的书中强调我们应该学习成功者的良好的思维模式。故选C。 7．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Failure is not an option. B．Success can be learned. C．People should try to achieve more. D．It's essential to identify our potential talent. 解析　B　推理判断题。作者通过研究一些有极高成就的人的习惯、心态和生活方式等发现，成功是一种可以学习的技能，通过向最成功的科学家学习，我们可以将好的经验应用到我们的职业生涯中。所以作者会赞同成功是可以学习的。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·全国甲卷) Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There's one answer： 1 . In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2 .“Showing thankfulness can foster self­control，” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3 .Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 4 So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself, “ 5 .” You'll then gradually become more patient. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个帮助我们成为更有耐心的人的技巧。 1．解析　G　根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”。根据文章标题“Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person”和常识可知，这三种情况都需要人们多点耐心，故G项符合语境。 2．解析　E　本段第一句讲到了“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits”，空前讲到了一些好处“it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic”，因此，空处讲到的应该还是好处，且涉及主题“耐心”，故E项“它也可以帮助我们练习更耐心”符合语境，E项中的also与上句形成了递进关系。 3．解析　B　根据空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习，结合空后的“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.” 可知，此处讲到的都是一些细小的事情。B项“从小任务开始”承上启下，故B项符合语境。 4．解析　C　本空考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的“when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances”可知，本段主要围绕如何在不舒服的情况下培养耐心展开，故C项“接受不舒服”适合作本段的主旨句。 5．解析　F　本段主要讲到了“接受不舒服”，因此，空处讲到的也是在不舒服的情况下，自己可以给自己的心理暗示，故F项“This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable”符合语境，且能引出下文“You'll then gradually become more patient.”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$