UNIT 1 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It's said that you can choose your friends but not your family. Maybe，but it's clear that good friends come with plenty of health benefits. Now research suggests that your friendships may be more important than family relationships when it comes to your health and happiness. Researchers from Michigan State University carried out two studies published in Personal Relationships. They first looked at data from nearly 280,000 people from almost 100 countries worldwide. After comparing people's friendships and family relationships with their physical and mental health，the team discovered that friendships were linked to higher scores of well­being(健康) than family relationships. The second study involved(涉及) almost 7,500 older adults，and suggested that the quality of friendships had a much bigger influence on health than family relationships. People who reported stressful friendships were much more likely to suffer poor health compared to those who had positive friendships；the influence on health from good or bad family relationships was small. Friendships are very important to well­being. For one，it's easier to drop a bad friendship than it is to cut ties with a family member. Even better，friends can also provide social support when things get tough with family members，such as going through a divorce or when caring for an aged parent. And long­lasting friendships are less likely to be filled with guilt than a family relationship. Of course，good friendships don't just happen—they require time，but time spent on developing good friendships is worth it. “Friendships help us shun loneliness but are often harder to maintain(维持) throughout the life，” explains William Chopik，PhD，assistant professor of psychology. “If a friendship has survived the test of time，you know it must be a good one. It means you've found someone you turn to for help and advice often.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过大量的研究介绍了友谊会照亮我们的人生，友谊影响着我们的生活、健康，有时候甚至比我们的家庭关系更重要。 1．What did the two studies focus on? A．Examining the influence of friendships and family relationships on well­being. B．Telling people to pay more attention to friends instead of family members. C．Proving that friendships are the most important part of people's life. D．Finding out the similarities between friends and family members. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“After comparing...well­being (健康) than family relationships.”和第三段可推断，这两项研究的重点是研究友谊和家庭关系对身心健康的影响。故选A。 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How family members benefit our well­being. B．What family members are unable to do for us. C．When friendships can play a key part in our life. D．Why friendships are key to health and happiness. 解析　D　段落大意题。根据第四段首句“Friendships are very important to well­being.”及后文内容可知，本段主要讲了为什么友谊是健康和幸福的关键。故选D。 3．Which of the following statements does the author agree with? A．Only time can test good friendships. B．Friendships can happen all the time. C．It takes time to gain good friendships. D．We should be patient with our friends. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第五段“Of course，good friendships don't just happen—they require time，but time spent on developing good friendships is worth it.”可知，建立良好的友谊需要时间。故选C。 4．Which of the following best explains “shun” underlined in the last paragraph? A．Avoid.　　　　　 B．Predict. C．Experience. D．Value. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“Friendships help us shun loneliness but are often harder to maintain (维持) throughout the life”中loneliness和常识可知，友谊可以帮助我们避免孤独。所以画线词shun为“避免”之意，与avoid同义。故选A。 B I seldom kept my things neat and tidy, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled (贴标签) everything.I always looked for everything.Over time, Kate got nearer and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon, I heard her screaming，“Take your shoes away! Why under my bed？”Then I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started shouting.She shouted at me louder. The room was filled with anger.We could not stay together for a single minute but there was a phone call.Kate answered it.From her conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers, sobbing.Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden, a feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor.I got so busy with my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up.She was watching in disbelief, and her tears were dried.Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me，“Thanks.” Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者与室友生活习惯迥异，冲突在所难免。在室友悲痛之时，作者以实际行动表达了自己的同情，从而与室友和好。这使作者懂得了与室友相处的关键：让步、清理和坚持。 5．How is paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By showing differences. C．By describing a process. D．By following time order. 解析　B　推理判断题。通过第一段内容可知，作者不讲究整洁，而室友凯特非常有条理。作者在第一段描述了与室友Kate在日常生活习惯上的种种差异，在论述过程中使用了“while”“but”“and”等连词表达对比和转折，因此可推知，作者在第一段通过“展示差异”的方法展开论述。故选B项。 6．Why was Kate angry that evening? A．She couldn't find her books. B．She heard the author shouting loud. C．She saw the author's shoes under her bed. D．She got the news that her grandma was ill. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Kate came into...flying at me”可知，作者的鞋子在Kate的床底下，这使Kate很生气。故选C项。 7．What's the author's purpose of tidying up the room? A．To show her care. B．To express her regret. C．To test her ability. D．To do her duty. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段尾句“All of a sudden，a feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart”可知，作者将东西收拾整齐是为了表达对Kate的关心。故选A项。 8．Which could be the best title for the text? A．My School Life B．Hard Work Pays off C．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be Roommates 解析　D　主旨大意题。本文的最后一句为文章的主旨，即作者和室友友好相处的关键是“让步、清理和坚持”。故D项最能概括文章的主旨。 Ⅱ.七选五 How do you stay true to yourself when you're surrounded by friends and your family that have an opinion on everything you do? It's not easy！ 1 Here are four tips which can help you live a dynamic life. 2 Stay true to yourself by only listening to the opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you.You know yourself better than anybody else. Don't fear people. 3 The reason why most people don't take risks is the fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody. Value yourself and your choices. When you do, others will too.Own the choices you make in your life. 4 When you believe in yourself, others will believe in you too.Show confidence in your choices and ignore others' opinions. Focus on appreciation. No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for.All people will ask，“What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use the tough time to inspire others？” 5 These tips, if applied, will help you transform your mind, lifestyle, etc. A．Focus on your own talents and strengths. B．Never let others' opinions influence your choices. C．Treat every person as if they are important. D．When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you too. E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do. F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others，and you'll lead a successful life. G．However, there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。当周围的朋友、家人对你所做的每件事都有意见时，你要如何做才能忠于自己，并且充满活力地生活呢？本文就这一问题给出了几点建议。 1．解析　G　空前的“It's not easy！”说明当周围的朋友、家人对你所做的每件事都有意见时，想要忠于自己并不容易，再结合首段最后一句可知，G项与“It's not easy！”在意义上是转折关系。 2．解析　B　由下文中的“by only listening...and encourage you”可知选B。 3．解析　E　E项与小标题“Don't fear people”及本段内容相呼应。故选E。 4．解析　D　D项与空后的“When you believe...believe in you too”形成对比。 5．解析　F　“Focus on appreciation”中的“appreciation”及“What am I grateful for？”中的“grateful”与F项中的“thankful”及“helpful”相呼应。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Heated 1. (argue) and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents, 2. is because teenagers usually go through physical and mental changes in their growth. They are eager 3. independence as well as their parents' love and support. It can be a tough challenge for them 4. (achieve) a balance. However，there are some tips they can follow to avoid them or deal with them in a better way. To start with，it must 5. (stress) that they can improve the situation by communicating 6. (regular) in an honest way. What's more，the key to 7. (maintain) a good parent­child relationship is to understand the situation from each others' point of view. Whenever quarrels come about，teenagers must remember that perhaps their parents 8. (experience) something similar and their advice is quite 9. (benefit). The good news is 10. the stormy period will not last long. Everything will turn out fine in the end. All the quarrels and conflicts can quiet down if teenagers and their parents have a mutual understanding. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年和父母之间发生冲突是常见的，并且提供了一些避免和解决冲突的建议。 1．解析　arguments　考查名词的复数。分析句子可知，heated是形容词，修饰名词，argue的名词是argument，是可数名词，由后面的silences可知，空格处应用复数，与silences并列作主语。故填arguments。 2．解析　which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．解析　for　考查介词。be eager for“渴望……”是固定短语，符合句意。故填for。 4．解析　to achieve　考查不定式。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do不定式结构。故填to achieve。 5．解析　be stressed　考查动词的语态。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，与谓语动词stress之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，must是情态动词，后接be done构成被动语态。故填be stressed。 6．解析　regularly　考查副词。修饰非谓语动词communicating应用副词作状语。故填regularly。 7．解析　maintaining　考查动名词。分析句子可知，the key to doing sth意为“做某事的关键”，to是介词，后面接动名词。故填maintaining。 8．解析　experienced/have experienced　考查动词的时态。根据句意，此处说的是父母以前也经历过，用一般过去时，或者用现在完成时，表示现在的结果，主语their parents是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填experienced/have experienced。 9．解析　beneficial　考查形容词。分析句子可知，is是系动词，后接形容词作表语。故填beneficial。 10．解析　that　考查表语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用that引导表语从句，无词义，不做成分，仅起连接作用。故填that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$