UNIT 2 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅴ　Lesson 3 语料积累 原文呈现 参考译文 ①ruin/'ruːɪn/vt.毁坏，毁掉，糟蹋 ②skip/skɪp/vt.不做(应做的事等)，不参加；vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走 ③be left with被留给，剩有 They are left with nothing. 什么也没有留给他们。 ④defensive/dɪ'fensɪv/adj.戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；防御的 defend/dɪ'fend/vt.&vi.防御，保护，保卫；vt.辩解，辩白 defense n．[U]防御，保护，保卫；[C，U]防御物，防御能力 ⑤element/'eləmənt/n.[C]要素，基本部分 ⑥workout n．[C]锻炼 ⑦intensity/ɪn'tensəti/n.[U，sing.]强烈，紧张，剧烈；[U，C]强度，烈度 ⑧on a day­to­day/daily basis按每日一次的标准 day­to­day adj.按日计划的，逐日的，每天的 basis n．[sing.]基准，准则，方式；原因，缘由；[C，usually sing.，U]基础，要素，基点 ⑨selfish/'selfɪʃ/ adj.自私的 ⑩sacrifice/'sækrəfaɪs/ n．[C，U]牺牲，舍弃vt.牺牲，献出 ⑪countless/'kaʊntləs/adj.无数的，数不胜数的，数不尽的(常作前置定语) ⑫hire/'haɪə(r)/vt.租用，租借 ⑬triathlete/traɪ'æθliːt/n.[C]铁人三项运动员 ⑭boil down to sth归结为，基本问题是 [近义]come down to It boils down to a question of priorities.这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。 ⑮enormous amount of大量的 enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的 ⑯drive n．[U]冲劲，干劲，精力 ⑰stay in待在室内，不外出 ⑱get ahead占据优势 ⑲length/leŋθ/n.[C]游泳池长度 ⑳rugby/'rʌɡbi/n.[U]橄榄球运动 roll在此表示“行动，做”。 apply oneself to (doing) sth使自己致力于(做)某事；使(注意力等)专注于(做)某事(to是介词) set...apart from...使……与众不同，使……突出，使……优于…… apart adv.分离，分开 platform/'plætfɔːm/n.[C]舞台，讲台；站台，月台 injured/'ɪndʒəd/adj.受伤的，有伤的 injury/'ɪndʒəri/n.[C，U](对躯体的)伤害，损伤；[U](对感情的)伤害，挫伤 escape injury险受伤害 injury to the head/head injury头部受伤 outstanding/aʊt'stændɪŋ/adj.优秀的，杰出的，出色的；突出的，重要的 outstanding player/achievement/success杰出的运动员/成绩/成就 average/'ævərɪdʒ/adj.普通的，平常的，一般的 normal/'nɔːml/adj.正常的，一般的，典型的 [文化采风] 三项全能运动(TRIATHLON) 三项全能运动又称铁人三项运动，是将游泳、自行车和跑步这三项运动结合起来而创造的一项新型的体育运动项目，是考验运动员体力和意志的运动项目。 比赛中，运动员应按规定依次连续不间断地进行游泳赛段、游泳至自行车的换项、自行车赛段、自行车至跑步的换项、跑步赛段，直至到达终点完成比赛。 该运动于1994年被国际奥委会列为奥运会比赛项目，于2000年在悉尼奥运会上首次亮相。 GETTING TO THE TOP Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits? As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin①family holidays and skip② nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.“We're worried about you，”said my friend from across the table.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and[and连接两个that引导的宾语从句，作worried的宾语，其中第一个that可以省略。] that I was in danger of being left with③only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.[and连接的两个并列成分作being left with的宾语，其中不定式短语to share it with作后置定语修饰one。] I could have become angry or defensive④.Don't they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport？[how hard引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语；从句中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。]Don't they know what it takes to get there? However, deep down I knew elements⑤ of what he was saying were right.[what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。]I was always tired and every workout⑥ had a mental intensity⑦ that seemed too much for most to handle.I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy. These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day­to­day basis⑧.Who am I doing this for? How much is too much? Why am I doing this? How can I be so selfish⑨？What are the sacrifices⑩ for？[一系列疑问句体现作者的心理活动] I think of countless⑪ birthday parties and nights out I have missed, ruining a family holiday in France[v.­ing短语作状语。ruin与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系。] because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，[不定式短语作后置定语修饰a swimming pool]almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring⑫ a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no­go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes⑬.The list is endless. It boils down to⑭ this: I was born with an enormous amount of⑮ drive⑯ and determination.From a small girl, I would stay in⑰ at lunch time just to get ahead⑱ on class work rather than go out and play; I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths⑲ of the pool while other kids played pool games; I was the only girl in a rugby⑳ club of 250 boys.I have always lived my life to extremes.Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll， no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.[本句为but连接的并列复合句，其中no matter what引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”。] Being a professional athlete is no different.If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's [If引导的条件状语从句]all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.[省略了关系代词that的定语从句] Can this be overdone? Absolutely.But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform，you had better be totally committed to your sport.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting injured[even if引导的让步状语从句], “I'd prefer to have three or four outstandingyears of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.” Doing what we do as athletes[v.­ing结构作主语，其中what we do为what引导的宾语从句，作Doing的宾语，what在该从句中作do的宾语。] sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top.It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness. 达到顶峰 为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏阖家度假、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你，”隔着桌子坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗？难道他们不知道到达顶峰需要付出多少吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有一些是对的。我总是疲惫不堪，每次锻炼带来的心理压力似乎对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康范围的程度。 这些是我作为一名职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁？太多是多少？我为什么要这样做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为什么？ 我想到了曾经错过的无数个生日派对和本来可以外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的阖家度假；因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员组团骑行，而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。 归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回；橄榄球俱乐部里，有250个男孩，只有我一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不论做什么我都会全力以赴。 做一名职业运动员也不例外。你如果想成为奥运冠军，就要在准备中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。 这过分吗？当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台，你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。” 做运动员让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的可能使我们到达顶峰的一点点。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但平衡、寻常这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。 Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．entry n．条目 2．academic adj.学术的 3．ruin vt.糟蹋；毁坏 4．skip vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 5．countless adj.无数的，数不尽的 6．hire vt.租用 7．boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸 8．apart adj.& adv.分开；散开 9．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 10．average adj.平均的；普通的；n.平均水平；平均数 11．normal adj.正常的，平常的 拓展单词 12．length n．长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．加长；变长 13．injured adj.受伤的→injure vt.伤害；使受伤→injury n．伤处，伤害 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．be in danger of处于……的危险境地 2．be left with被留给，剩有 3．share...with与……分享 4．deep down在内心深处 5．boil down to归结为；基本问题是 6．stay in待在家里 7．apply oneself to努力，专心致志于某事 8．apart from除之外…… Ⅲ.重点句型 1．what引导宾语从句 Don't they know what it takes to get there? 难道他们不知道达到目标需要付出什么吗？ 2．no matter what引导让步状语从句 Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. 你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不论做什么我都会全力以赴。 3．虚拟语气 I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 Ⅰ.Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What did the author's friend worry about? A．The author pushed herself to the limits too little. B．There was no good reason for giving up so much. C．There was nothing, only medals in the author's eyes. D．The author missed so many birthday parties and holidays. 2．What was one of the fears the author faced? A．Reasons for pushing the limits. B．Her competitors' efforts. C．Class work at school. D．Her friend's worries. 3．What would the author do when she was young? A．Go out and play.　 B．Play pool games. C．Take buses alone. D．Take holidays often. 4．What should a professional athlete be? A．Determined. B．Worried. C．Cheerful. D．Careful. 答案　1－4　CACA Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[重点词汇] 1．ruin vt.糟蹋；毁坏 ruin sth　糟蹋某物，破坏某事 ruin sb　毁掉某人；使倾家荡产 fall into ruin　被毁坏 bring sb to ruin　使人失败；使倾家荡产 bring ruin upon oneself　自取灭亡 ruins n． 废墟 in ruins　严重受损，破败不堪 The flood ruined crops in the field，and many buildings lay in ruins. 洪水毁坏了田里的庄稼，许多建筑物也变成了废墟。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①The heavy rain ruined our holiday/brought our holiday to ruin(把我们的假期毁了). ②The old temple was ruined/fell into ruin(被毁坏) in the heavy rain. ③Years of fighting have left the area in ruins (破败不堪)． ④Drunk driving not only ruined himself(毁了他自己) but also killed several passers­by. 2.sacrifice n．&v.牺牲 sacrifice for为……而牺牲 at the sacrifice of...以牺牲……为代价 make a sacrifice for...为……作出牺牲 He and my mother made a tremendous sacrifice for it. 他与我母亲为之作出了巨大牺牲。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's not worth sacrificing(sacrifice) your health for wealth. ②He sacrificed a promising career to look after his handicapped daughter. 他为了照顾残疾女儿牺牲了有前途的事业。 ③He saved the child at the sacrifice of his life. 他为了救那个孩子而牺牲了自己的生命。 3.countless adj.无数的，数不尽的 count vt.　计算；认为；重要 vi.　(按顺序)数数 count on　依靠；依赖 countable adj.　可数的 Having overcome countless hardships，he has been on the road to success. 克服万难，他终于踏上了成功之路。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have warned her countless(count) times. ②In a good relationship，it's really the little things that count. 在一种良好的关系中，细节真的很重要。 ③That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency. 那是父亲第一次在危急时刻依赖我。 4.apply oneself to sth努力；专心致志于某事 apply (to sb/sth)(for sth)　(向某人/某组织)申请(得到某物) apply sth (to sth)　将……应用于/涂抹在 apply to sb/sth　适用于 apply oneself (to sth/to doing sth)　努力学习；专心致志于 If you apply yourself to the job with enthusiasm, you'll soon make it. 如果你充满热情地专心于这项工作，你很快就会成功的。 I am writing to apply for a British Council scholarship to study in Britain. 我写信是为了申请英国文化委员会的奖学金去英国学习。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①The leaflet explains how to apply for a place (如何申请一个职位)． ②They may apply to join the organization (申请加入这个组织)． ③Underline the following that apply to you (适用于你)． ④As an retired teacher，I can apply my teaching experience to(把我的教学经验运用到) the voluntary work. Apart from it，I have enough free time to apply myself to(专注于) the work. 5.apart from...除……之外 (1)in addition意为“加之，又，另外”，包括除去内容在内。 (2)in addition to是介词短语，意为“加之，除……之外”，包括除去内容在内。 (3)apart from是介词短语，意为“除……之外”，包括或不包括除去内容。 (4)except，except for/that都有“除……之外”之意。except指从同类的人或物中排除；而except for/that所排除的不属于同一类。 (5)besides意为“除……之外(还有)”，包括被除去内容，和in addition to同义；疑问句、否定句中和except同义。 Apart from reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. 除了为知识阅读，我们阅读还为了乐趣和灵感。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①We go there every day except Monday(除了星期一)． ②He is a good man except for/apart from his bad temper(除了他的坏脾气之外)． ③Your article is good except that there are some spelling mistakes(除了有一些拼写错误外)． ④Besides the cost，it will take a lot of time(除了成本外). 6.average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均数 an average rate/cost/price　平均费率/成本/价格 the average of...　……的平均数 an average of...　平均 above/below average　高于/低于平均水平 on average　平均 Freddy was an average student，but not an average person. 弗雷迪是一名普通的学生，但不是一个普通的人。 There were 90 students getting full marks in the English exam，with an average of 18 students in each class. Jane's was above average while John's was below average，which made his teacher disappointed. 本次英语考试共有90名学生得了满分，平均每个班级有18名同学。简的成绩高于平均分，但是约翰的却低于平均分，这让老师很失望。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Parents spend an average of 220 dollars (平均220美元) a year on toys. ②On average (平均) each report requires 1,000 hours to prepare. ③Tom's work at school is above average (高于平均)．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [重点句型] (教材P36) I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 [句式分析] 本句中的“could have become”表示“本能够做却没有做”。 常用的“情态动词＋have done”结构还有如下几种： should have done表示“本该做却没有做” shouldn't have done表示“本不该做而实际上已经做了” needn't have done表示“本没必要做却做了” must have done表示对过去的肯定猜测，意为“一定做了” can't/couldn't have done表示对过去的否定猜测，意为“不可能做过” That competitor could have won the championship in the final，but unfortunately，he got injured. 那个参赛者本来能够在决赛中夺冠的，但是不幸的是他受伤了。 I was really anxious about you. You shouldn't have left home without a word. 我真的很担心你。你不该一句话不讲就离开家。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①He should have applied himself to his schoolwork(本该专注于他的学业)，but he was distracted by social networking. ②We needn't have been so hurried(本不必那么匆忙)，because we had plenty of time. ③She couldn't/can't have left school(不可能已经离开学校)，for her bicycle is still here. Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．be regarded as a good habit 被视为好习惯 2．be of great importance to 对……非常重要 3．the best time of a day 一天中最好的时间 4．without doubt/there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 5．build one's body 强身健体 6．make every effort to do something 尽力而为 7．carry the ball further and further away from the shore 把球带到离海岸越来越远的地方 8．show off one's swimming skills 显示有用技术 9．be only a few feet away 只有几英尺远 10．take a deep breath 深呼吸 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．It was snowing and the wind was blowing hard.It was extremely(极度地) cold. 2．The boy would stood on the platform(月台，站台) every afternoon，waiting for his mother to appear. 3．The CEO works hard，often ruining(毁坏掉) her holidays and parties with her old friends. 4．Successful people always push themselves to the limits (把自己推向极限)． 5．His secret to success boils down to (归结为) the effort he has made and the support from his parents. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$