UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 动词­ing形式 一、基本概念 动词­ing形式属于非谓语动词，它保留动词的某些特征，可以带有自己的宾语和状语(连系动词还可带表语)，构成动词­ing形式短语。 二、基本构成 动词­ing形式有时态和语态的变化。它有一般式和完成式两种时态形式，并有被动的形式。动词­ing形式的否定式由not加动词­ing形式构成。 时态形式 句中功能 语态意义 (not) doing(一般式) 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 主动 (not) having done(完成式) 宾语、状语 主动 being done(一般式) 主语、宾语、后置定语 被动 having been done(完成式) 宾语、状语 被动 Achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream for the nation in modern times.实现中华民族伟大复兴是当代中国人民最伟大的梦想。 Having watered the vegetables，we began to dig the ground. 浇过蔬菜后，我们开始挖地。 Not knowing her address，we couldn't get in touch with her. 由于不知道她的地址，我们无法与她取得联系。 One never loses by doing a good turn. [谚]善有善报． 三、基本用法 动词­ing形式具有名词、形容词、副词的功能，在句中可用作除谓语以外的所有句子成分，包括主语、宾语、补语、表语、定语和状语，有时还可以用作独立成分，但不能用作谓语。 (一)动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式用作名词 在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标就像航行没有罗盘。 Before everything，getting ready is the secret of success. [谚]做好准备是成功首要秘诀。 2．动词­ing形式的被动语态 being done为动词­ing形式的被动语态，作主语时being不可省略，因为动词­ed形式不能作主语。 Being sent to work in the remote area made her unhappy. 被派往偏僻地区工作令她很不高兴。 Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路真可怕。 3．it作形式主语 为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，有时可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词­ing形式后置。 It is no use/good/fun doing sth，It is a waste of time doing sth是用it作形式主语的常用句型。 It is no use buying books but not reading them. 买书而不读是没有意义的。 It is a waste of time arguing about it with him. 和他争论此事毫无意义。 4．动词­ing形式的复合结构作主语 当动词­ing形式有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动词­ing形式的复合结构，这时名词或代词的所有格作动词­ing形式的逻辑主语。动词­ing形式的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。 Tom's marrying Mary made his parents very angry. 汤姆与玛丽结婚使他父母非常生气。 Their coming to help is a great encouragement to us. 他们来帮助对我们是极大的鼓舞。 [即学活用1] 完成句子 ①Swimming (游泳)is a good sport in summer. ②It is no use telling him not to worry (告诉他别担心)． ③Working in these conditions (在这种条件下工作) is not a pleasure. ④The President's attending the meeting himself (总统亲自参加会议)gave them a great deal of encouragement. ⑤Being exposed to the sun for long (在阳光下长时间暴晒) is harmful to your health. (二)动词­ing形式作宾语 1．动词­ing形式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当介词的宾语。 Many students enjoy asking questions in English. 很多学生喜欢用英语问问题。 He admitted smoking/having smoked in the hall. 他承认在大厅里抽烟。 After looking at his watch，he hurried to the station. 看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。 2．常用动词­ing形式作宾语的动词有： admit doing sth　承认做某事 advise doing sth 建议做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth 感激做某事 avoid doing sth 避免做某事 consider doing sth 考虑做某事 delay doing sth 推迟做某事 deny doing sth 否认做某事 discuss doing sth 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜爱做某事 escape doing sth 逃脱做某事 excuse doing sth 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth 设想做某事 finish doing sth 完成做某事 forbid doing sth 禁止做某事 forgive doing sth 原谅做某事 give up doing sth 放弃做某事 imagine doing sth 想象做某事 keep doing sth 保持做某事 mention doing sth 提及做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 miss doing sth 错过做某事 pardon doing sth 原谅做某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 prevent doing sth 阻止做某事 put off doing sth 推迟做某事 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 3．几乎所有介词，都能用动词­ing形式作宾语，其中很多都是固定搭配。 (1)动词­ing形式作介词的宾语 be interested in doing 对……感兴趣 be good at doing 擅长 be tired of doing 厌倦 set about doing 着手，开始 dream of doing 梦想 spend some time (in) doing sth　花时间做某事 (2)动词­ing形式作介词to的宾语 look forward to doing 期待 get/be used to doing 习惯 be accustomed to doing 习惯于 get down to doing 着手 be devoted to doing 专心于 object to doing 反对 be opposed to doing 反对 lead to doing 导致 4．下列动词或短语既可以跟动词­ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 (1)like，love，prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词­ing形式；如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式，但要注意：如果like，love，prefer前有would，后面则接动词不定式。 Would you like to go shopping with me? 你愿意和我一起去购物吗？ (2)下列几组词接动词­ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同。 forget doing sth　忘记已做过某事 forget to do sth　忘记要做某事 remember doing sth　 记得做过某事 remember to do sth　 记住要做某事 mean doing sth　意思是，意味着 mean to do sth　打算做 regret doing sth　后悔做过某事 regret to do sth　遗憾要做某事 can't help doing sth　禁不住做 can't help(to)do sth　不能帮忙做 [名师点津] 动词不定式形式用于动词后通常表示以后要发生的动作；而动词­ing用在动词后则表示已发生或常态的动作。 (3)在allow，permit，advise等动词后直接跟动词­ing形式作宾语，如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 We don't allow smoking in the school. 我们不允许在学校抽烟。 We don't allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生抽烟。 (4)动词need，require，want用作“需要”时，其后用动词­ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，这时动词­ing的主动形式表被动意义。 Your coat wants washing.＝Your coat wants to be washed. 你的外套需要洗了。 [即学活用2] 单句语法填空 ①Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. ②I really appreciate having (have) time to relax with you on this nice island. ③She pretended not to see (see)me when I passed by. ④As a new driver，I have to practice parking (park)the car in my small garage again and again. ⑤Thanks for having given (give)me so much help. ⑥I knew nothing about the window being(be) open. 冠词 一、基本概念 英语中冠词分为两类：不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a，an；定冠词有the。 二、语法规则 (一)不定冠词a/an 用法 例句 表示类指或某类中的“任何一个” A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. An honest man never feels sorry. 表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a cer­tain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间 I have a question to ask you. In a sense what you said is true. All of a sudden, she burst into tears. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈 Suddenly they heard a loud voice. My father has just bought an orchard. 表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中 Prices start at ￡13.95 a yard for printed cotton. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。表示“一种……的人或事” He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us. 不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一” Live a good, honorable life.Then when you get older and think back, you'll get to enjoy it a second time. 不定冠词表示“一份”等 He ordered a coffee to keep awake. [即学活用3] 完成句子 ①Last week our class organized an activity (组织了一次活动)to thank our teachers before graduation. ②In my opinion，taking/having a break (休息一会) between classes is necessary. ③On half way to school，I was caught in a heavy/big rain(赶在大雨里)． ④Our school sports meeting is a great success(非常成功)． ⑤The two boys are of an age(同一年龄)． ⑥Never have I met so kind a teacher/such a kind teacher(如此善良的老师) like him. (二)定冠词 用法 例句 表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心中都明确的人或物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。 Take your time—it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。 The earth goes around the sun. 用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。 Is this the first time that you have visited Qingdao？ 用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。 It's said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century. 表示发明物的单数词 Who invented the bell？ [即学活用4] 完成句子 ①He took part in the English Speech Contest and won the first prize(获得一等奖)． ②I was caught in heavy traffic and late when I got to the company(到达公司)． ③He gave away large amounts of money to help the poor(穷人)． ④Do you know when the television was invented(电视发明)? ⑤The old scientist was born in the 1930s(出生于20世纪30年代)． (三)零冠词 用法 例句 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词 He is living in Canada now. 季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词 We usually have breakfast at 7 o'clock. 语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词 I'm interested in English. 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，其前通常不用冠词 Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.” 系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词 His brother has turned writer. “(零冠词＋)单数名词/形容词最高级＋as/though(＋主语＋谓语)”，意为“尽管……但是……” Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings. [即学活用5] 完成句子 ①Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers' Day(在教师节那天)． ②The old men were playing chess(下棋)when I got there. ③He was elected monitor(被选为班长)of our class. ④Student as he is(尽管他是个学生)，he earns a lot of money by selling goods online. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The village where she was born has turned into a town. 2．My favorite part was seeing(see) the grizzly bear in the mountains. 3．Reading and writing were(be) both my hobbies when I was young. 4．Even his competitors have to admit that he is an outstanding triathlete. 5．Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 6．It is no good associating(associate) with such a person，who is so selfish. 7．In order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language. 8．Have you considered quitting(quit) your profession career because of injuries? 9．They had to delay holding(hold) the sports meeting on account of the bad weather. 10．As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Swimming in the river(在这条河里游泳) when I was a child was a great pleasure. 2．Failing the exam(考试不及格) caused her great trouble in finding a job. 3．People in poor areas have been looking forward to getting rid of poverty (摆脱贫穷)． 4．The company is considering exporting their products (出口产品)． 5．Tom suggested reducing our spending (消减我们的开支)． 6．All of a sudden(突然)，a rainstorm came，pouring cats and dogs. 7．He once worked in the countryside(在农村)，living in an old shabby house. 8．The student in the school can make the best/most of(充分利用) their time. 9．The headteacher often has a word with his students(和他的学生谈话) and encourages them to build up confidence. 10．The town has a population of(拥有……人口) 10,000，most of whom are farmers. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting(want) more next time. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 3．(2023·全国乙卷) Having visited(visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co­existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 4．(2023·全国乙卷) As a photographer, I have spent the last two years recording(record) everything I discovered. 5．(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing(borrow) some familiar words from many age­old fables. 6．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Not the pandas, even though the language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 7．A friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 8．To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 9．Covering(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 10．After spending(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! Ⅱ.语法填空 The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food，wood and most importantly，oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—1.blocking(block) out harmful bacteria from water. 2．The discovery was made by 3.a team made up of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) and high school students who were seeking 4.a natural water filter－one that would help communities in 5.developing(develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems. The researchers，led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 6.to turn(turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 7.to flow(flow)through，while blocking out air bubbles. They began by 8.cutting(cut)1.5­inch­wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the wood's filtering ability by 9.pouring(pour) water containing red dye particles of different sizes through.To their amazement，they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles.The team conducted another experiment，this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough，the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria,10.allowing(allow) only 1% to flow through. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A We take for granted many of the materials used in modern life. However，without major advances in chemistry，many everyday things would not exist. This is why the invention of the periodic table of the elements(元素周期表) was so important. It really opened the door to many future achievements in chemistry and is still very much in use today. Dmitri Mendeleev (1834－1907) of Russia is credited with the invention of the first reliable periodic table. In the middle of the 19th century，only 63 elements had been found. Mendeleev was eager to increase our knowledge of them. He wrote down the atomic mass(原子质量) of each element on cards and reorganized them again and again. After several months，he realized that the physical and chemical characteristics of elements were related to their atomic mass. So he lined them up in order of their atomic mass from light to heavy and then put those with similar characteristics in columns. Mendeleev's road to science success wasn't an easy one. He lost his father at a young age and his large family was poor. Luckily，he had a strong­willed mother who made his education her top priority(优先的事). She moved several times so that Mendeleev could go to a good university. After being rejected many times，Mendeleev began his studies in 1850. Unfortunately，this wasn't the end of his troubles. Mendeleev suffered from a serious illness for many years，during which time he worked from bed. In spite of his misfortunes，Mendeleev was able to make great achievements in science through his determination to succeed in his work. Mendeleev was not only an excellent chemist，but also a pioneer in shipbuilding and even suitcase­making. He found a special material that helped him make excellent suitcases that were highly valued. And he also had a hand in building the world's first Arctic icebreaker，the Yermak. It played a vital part in the development of modern scientific shipping for trade and war. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄国的化学家门捷列夫的成功之路和主要成就。 1．Why does the author mention “everyday things” in the first paragraph? A．To show a common mistake. B．To introduce a great chemist. C．To give examples of materials. D．To explain the work of inventors. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据“everyday things”所在句及后面的“This is why the invention of the periodic table of the elements(元素周期表) was so important.”可知，作者在第一段提到“日常事物”是为了突出元素周期表的重要性，从而引出发明了第一个可靠的元素周期表的化学家。故选B。 2．What major contribution did Mendeleev make to chemistry? A．He studied the characteristics of elements. B．He found 63 elements in the 19th century. C．He made the first reliable periodic table. D．He wrote down each element on cards. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，门捷列夫对化学的主要贡献是他发明了第一个可靠的元素周期表。故选C。 3．What helped Mendeleev on his road to science success? A．The loss of his father. B．The strong will of his mother. C．His many brothers and sisters. D．The rejections by universities. 解析　B　细节理解题。通读第三段尤其是第三、四句可知，门捷列夫有一位意志坚强的母亲，她非常重视他的教育，这对他的科学成功之路帮助很大。故选B。 4．Which of the following words can best describe Mendeleev? A．Courageous and calm. B．Lucky and strong­willed. C．Cooperative and generous. D．Hardworking and outstanding. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句可推断出，门捷列夫是一个努力的人；根据最后一段第一句可知，门捷列夫在很多方面都有杰出的成就，所以“努力且优秀”可以用来形容他。故选D。 B (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)“I am not crazy，”says Dr.William Farber，shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸)on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.”If he seems a little defensive，it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh.He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医)now practicing“holistic”medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture，chiropractic(按摩疗法)and herbal medicine. Farber，a graduate of Colorado State University，started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle­relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So，after studying the techniques for a couple of years，he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably”after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time，and if the past is any indication，he may be right：Since 1982，membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，”he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That's my job.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。美国兽医 William Farber因背痛尝试中医针灸治疗，之后病症得到缓解，然后他把针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合用于治疗动物。 5．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? A．He's odd.　　　　　 B．He's strict. C．He's brave. D．He's rude. 解析　A　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知，Farber 的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法，再结合第一段中 Farber的话“I am not crazy”可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。B项“他严格”；C项“他勇敢”；D项“他粗鲁”。故选A。 6．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He became interested in alternative treatments...What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.”可知，Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上，也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以决定把针灸应用到宠物身上。A项“他在大学受过针灸训练”；B项“他受到了另一位兽医的启发”；D项“他想为宠物主人省钱”。故选C。 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 解析　D　段落主旨大义题。本段主要介绍了两个动物经过 Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber 的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。A项“按摩疗法的步骤”；B项“兽医工作的复杂性”；C项“罕见动物疾病示例”。故选D。 8．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber's point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 解析　A　写作目的题。根据题干中的“American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association”可将答案定位至最后一段。“Since 1982...grown from 30 to over 700.”具体解释上文中的“the past”，所以作者提到该组织是为了证明前文的“he may be right”，即为了证明 Farber的观点是正确的。B项“为了强调它的重要性”；C项“为了赞扬兽医”；D项“为了提倡动物保护”。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 The rapid development of society has greatly changed the landscape of education. But that never 1 one brilliant girl's resolve to reach for the stars. While most teens are tackling the challenges of middle school，Alena Wicker，has already 2 her high school diploma. After virtually learning in a long­term program，she is 3 to attend Arizona State University this summer. There，she will major in astronomical science and chemistry to 4 her dream of working at NASA where she hopes to 5 her extraordinary skills to build spacecraft after graduation. 6 she wanted to be an astronomer，but then she switched over to engineering. Alena's space journey began with her early 7 for Lego (乐高)，with which she's always played since she was 4. So far，she's built 8 of everything from the Taj Mahal to NASA rockets. She was always amused at her Lego pieces，and if you 9 her Lego pieces，it would be easy for her to put them together. This genius also had remarkable 10 in other aspects of life. Seeing the 11 of opportunities in the STEM (science，technology，engineering and math) fields for women，Alena wanted to make a change. She has 12 a website to encourage other girls with 13 interests to focus on the STEM fields. Alena hopes to set an example for other girls—never let the long­established concept keep us from 14 the course of our own life. “It doesn't matter what you're planning to do，” she said. “Go for it，and then 15 it.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alena Wicker为实现梦想所付出的努力以及其他方面的成就。 1．A.opposed　　　　　 B．conveyed C．identified D．weakened 解析　D　根据前文“The rapid development of society...education.”和后文“one brilliant girl's resolve to reach for the stars”可知，社会的快速发展极大地改变了教育的格局，但是从未动摇(weaken)一个聪明女孩追求梦想的决心。故选D。 2．A.permitted B．obtained C．handled D．rejected 解析　B　根据后文“attend Arizona State University this summer”可知，她已经获得(obtain)了高中文凭，所以今年夏天就可以上大学。故选B。 3．A.ready B．willing C．nervous D．hesitant 解析　A　根据前文“After virtually learning in a long­term program”可知，Alena已经准备好(ready)今年夏天进入亚利桑那州立大学。故选A。 4．A.prove B．change C．pursue D．assess 解析　C　根据后文“her dream of working at NASA”可知，Alena将主修天文科学和化学，以追逐(pursue)她在NASA工作的梦想。故选C。 5．A.employ B．learn C．recover D．discover 解析　A　根据后文“her extraordinary skills to build spacecraft after graduation”可知，Alena希望在毕业后运用(employ)她的非凡技能建造航天飞船。故选A。 6．A.Eventually B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Originally 解析　D　根据后文“she wanted to be an astronomer，but then she switched over to engineering”可知，她起初(originally)想当天文学家，但后来转学工程。故选D。 7．A.request B．hope C．passion D．reason 解析　C　根据后文“with which she's always played since she was 4”可知，此处指她对乐高的热爱(passion)。故选C。 8．A.models B．sites C．patterns D．pictures 解析　A　根据后文“of everything from the Taj Mahal to NASA rockets”可知，她建造了很多模型(model)。故选A。 9．A.showed off B．put away C．handed out D．messed up 解析　D　根据后文“put them together”可知，如果把她的乐高作品弄乱(mess up)，她可以很容易地再将其组合在一起。故选D。 10．A.adaptations B．privileges C．achievements D．explanations 解析　C　结合后文她推出了一个网站鼓励其他有类似兴趣的女孩关注STEM领域可知，这位天才在生活的其他方面也有非凡的成就(achievement)。故选C。 11．A.inequality B．growth C．possibility D．advantage 解析　A　根据后文“Alena wanted to make a change”以及她创建的网站主要是鼓励女孩可知，此处是指女性在STEM领域的机会不平等(inequality)。故选A。 12．A.visited B．launched C．examined D．removed 解析　B　根据后文“a website to encourage other girls”可知，为了鼓励其他女孩关注STEM领域，她启动(launch)了一个网站。故选B。 13．A.diverse B．beneficial C．similar D．typical 解析　C　根据后文“interests to focus on the STEM fields”可知，网站是针对和她有类似(similar)兴趣的女孩的。故选C。 14．A.spreading B．tracking C．recording D．determining 解析　B　根据后文“the course of our own life”可知，此处是指追寻(track)人生轨迹。故选B。 15．A.demonstrate B．try C．share D．accomplish 解析　D　根据上文“It doesn't matter what you're planning to do”可知，重要的不是你计划做什么，而是你勇敢去做并且完成(accomplish)它。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Ever wondered how many calories are in the human body？Or ever wondered why old people have 1. (big) ears than they used to？The winners of Ig Nobel Prizes(搞笑诺贝尔奖) have got the answers. The Ig Nobel Prizes,2. (found) 1991，are to honour achievements 3. first make people laugh, and then make them think.The ceremony 4. (take) place at Harvard University every year.Winners' acceptance 5. (speech) are limited to 60 seconds,6. (strict) monitored by an eight­year­old girl. The honoured research might seem ridiculous 7. first sight, but that doesn't mean it lacks scientific value.For example, the research in 2006 on why dry spaghetti tends to break into more than two pieces when it is bent was important for controlling fractures, which could have applications in everything from the design of highways and bridges 8. the engineering of nanotubes.And a follow­up paper 9. (publish) by MIT physicists several years later.But people are more likely to read about the broken spaghetti than to read an academic paper.Even when there is no immediate usefulness,10. is still good to encourage people to observe and think. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了搞笑诺贝尔奖。搞笑诺贝尔奖听起来似乎很搞笑，但是这并不意味着它缺乏科学价值。 1．解析　bigger　根据设空处后的than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级。故填bigger。 2．解析　founded　分析句子结构可知，句中已有系动词are及谓语动词make，且无并列连词与设空处连接，因此，found应用非谓语形式；found与The Ig Nobel Prizes之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，修饰The Ig Nobel Prizes。故填founded。 3．解析　that/which　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词achievements指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 4．解析　takes　The ceremony为句子的主语，设空处在句中作谓语。此处介绍的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；主语The ceremony为单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式。故填takes。 5．解析　speeches　speech为可数名词，根据后面的are可知此处应用其复数形式。故填speeches。 6．解析　strictly　设空处修饰过去分词monitored，应用副词形式。故填strictly。 7．解析　at　at first sight为固定短语，意为“乍一看；最初看到时”。故填at。 8．解析　to　句意为：比如，2006年关于意大利干面条会在弯曲时断裂成多于两截的研究对断裂控制很重要，其可应用于从公路和桥梁设计到纳米管工程的各个领域。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 9．解析　was published　根据时间状语several years later可知，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时；publish和主语a follow­up paper之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；a follow­up paper是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式。故填was published。 10．解析　it　句意为：即使有时候没有立竿见影的效果，鼓励人们去观察和思考也是好的。Even when there is no immediate usefulness为时间状语从句，在后面的主句中，to encourage people to observe and think是真正的主语，因此应用it作形式主语。故填it。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$