UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 过去完成时 一、概述 过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)表示在过去的事件之前发生的事件或存在的状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。 二、过去完成时的构成 1．过去分词的基本用法 (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词­ed形式 He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。 Jane had just left when you rang. 你打电话时简刚走。 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词­ed形式 At that time we hadn't met her. 那时我们还没有见到她。 The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war. 这个国家尚未从战争的影响下恢复。 (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词­ed形式．..? 疑问代词/疑问副词＋had＋主语＋动词­ed形式．..? Had you visited the museum before you moved to the city? 你搬到这座城市前曾参观过这个博物馆吗？ How many pictures from the spaceship had you got by nine o'clock last night？直到昨晚九点，你收到了多少张来自宇宙飞船的照片？ [即学活用1] 单句语法填空 ①He said he had worked (work)in that factory since 1949. ②I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied (not，study)my lesson. ③I returned the book that I had borrowed (borrow)． ④Helen said that she had moved (move)to another flat. ⑤We realized we had lost (lose)our way. 2．过去完成时的其他用法 (1)用于虚拟语气 在虚拟语气中，如果表示对过去情况的虚拟，则使用过去完成时。 If I had followed the doctor's advice，I wouldn't feel so bad now. 如果我当时听了医生的建议，现在就不会那么难受了。 If only you had worked with greater care! 你要是更仔细一些该多好！ I wish I had never met you before. 我希望以前从未见过你。 (2)表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图 过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，只适用于下列动词：expect(期待)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，mean(打算)，suppose(料想)，think(认为)，want(想要)等。 We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。 I had meant to take a good holiday this year，but I was not able to leave. 我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脱不开身。 (3)与过去完成时连用的时间状语 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以是already(已经)，yet(仍然)，still(还)，just(刚刚)，ever(曾经)，never(从来没有)等，也可以是by(不迟于)，before(在……之前)，until(直到)，as soon as(一……就)等引导的词组或从句。 When I came back at midnight，she still hadn't finished her homework yet. 我半夜回来时，她还没有做完作业。 I had just stopped my car when I noticed a cat lying on the ground. 我刚把车停下，就注意到地上躺着一只猫。 By Tuesday he hadn't done it. 到星期二他还没有做。 (4)用过去完成时的特定句型 过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，It was the first(second，etc)time(that)．..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业。 [即学活用2] 单句语法填空 ①How I wish I had worked (work) harder before. ②He had planned (plan) to meet his father at the airport，but he was too busy. ③By the end of last month，we had learned(learn) 2,000 English words. ④Hardly had the game begun when it started (start) raining. ⑤It was the first time that I had experienced (experience) Virtual Reality. 3．过去完成时与其他时态的区别 (1)过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before, after, as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。 He entered the room，turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，读了一份晚报。 (2)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但对现在产生一定的结果或影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 I have learned 1,000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 I had learned 1,000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 [即学活用3] 单句语法填空 ①When she heard that her father had died(die)in the accident，she burst (burst)out crying. ②The concert had started(start)．We had to look for our seats in the dark. ③I have learned (learn)French for ten years and I can talk with the native fluently. ④Her father died (die) five years ago and he has lived (live)by himself ever since. ⑤They had planted (plant)six hundred trees before last Wednesday. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I had finished(finish) my homework before my mother came back home after work. 2．All the tickets had been sold(sell) out when Mary got to the cinema. 3．She had finished(finish) reading the four great classics of China before going to middle school. 4．No sooner had(have) we got home than the rain began to pour down. 5．He told us that he had been(be) a teacher for almost 20 years. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea and we met no storms (没有遇到风暴)． 2．It won't be long before such a thing happens again (再次发生)． 3．We congratulated them on the success they had achieved (他们获得的)． 4．By the end of last year，he had treated 3,000 patients(治疗了3 000个病人)． 5．Linda lost her passport again.It was the second time that it had occurred(发生)． 6．So far all cloned animals have suffered from(受到了) some different serious disorders. 7．If it rains tomorrow(明天下雨)，we'll put off the sports meeting. 8．Teenagers are damaging their health(在损害他们的健康)because they play computer games too much. 9．Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits(要求参观者不可触摸展品)． 10．The new railway had been built(被建好)by the end of last year. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I wished(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 2．Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected(expect), he examined the previous work again. 3．The twins，who had finished (finish)their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground. 4．I'm calling about the apartment you advertised(advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 5．On Monday mornings it usually takes (take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. Ⅱ.语法填空 It was getting dark when I 1.got (get) home.It was cold and I was wearing a coat.I walked up to the door and 2.put(put) my hand into my pocket to take out the key，but 3.could(can) not find it.I suddenly remembered that I 4.had left(leave) it on my desk in the office.I knew my wife was at home and the children must 5.have come(come) back from school by then，so I 6.knocked(knock) at the door.There was no answer.I 7.continued(continue) knocking at the door for some time.I was getting angry.Then I remembered something my colleague 8.had told(tell)me at noon.He said that my wife 9.had phoned(phone) to say that she 10.would go(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could be done and I would be shut out of the house. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Almost 80 percent of primary and secondary school students had the opportunity to get more nightly sleep this semester，after education authorities took measures to reduce their academic workload，the Ministry of Education said on Wednesday. Lyu Yugang，director of the ministry's department of basic education，said 77.14 million parents were surveyed to make sure whether their children were getting enough sleep. Schools and parents have also paid more attention to students' sleep time，with 98.7 percent of schools asking parents to monitor their children's sleep and study time. In April，the ministry advised that primary school students should go to bed before 9：20 p．m.，middle school students before 10 p．m. and high school students before 11 p．m. Students should go to bed at the recommended times，even if they have not finished their homework. Schools should control the amount of homework assigned to students to make sure primary school students can finish all their written homework at school and that secondary school students can finish most of their homework on campus. Students in primary and secondary are prevented from bringing smartphones to class，the ministry said. Almost all schools no longer assign homework via smartphones and students do not need to finish their homework digitally，he added. “Homework，after­school tutoring courses and online games should all take second place to ensure students can get enough sleep. And in fact，from our survey，many parents hold a positive attitude towards these，” Lyu said. Zhang Xiu，mother of a primary school student in Beijing，said，“Thanks to this，my daughter can sleep more than nine hours a night，as the school has reduced the amount of her homework. I believe a healthy body is more important than academic achievement.” While tough measures have been taken to limit the amount of time young students can spend playing online games to three hours a week，the students might waste time on short video platforms and parents need to act to stop this，Lyu added. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着一系列措施的出台，在这个学期，学生可能会拥有更多的睡眠。这些举措也符合学校和父母的期望。 1．Which of the measures can help young students get enough nightly sleep? A．Force young students to go to bed before 9：20 p．m. B．Control the amount of homework assigned to students. C．Prevent students from bringing smartphones to class. D．Forbid teachers from assigning homework digitally. 解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，控制学生的作业量能帮助学生获得更多的夜间睡眠。故选B。 2．Why are Zhang Xiu's remarks quoted in the passage? A．To support Lyu's viewpoint. B．To state the facts. C．To describe the situation. D．To draw a conclusion. 解析　A　推理判断题。由第五段可知，吕玉刚说许多家长对教育部出台的措施持积极态度。第六段引用的张秀的话恰好证实了吕玉刚的观点。故选A。 3．What does “take second place” mean in the fifth paragraph? A．Be totally banned. B．Be less important. C．Happen for the second time. D．Be far superior. 解析　B　词义猜测题。由第四段最后两句可知，禁止学生带手机到班级里，学校也不再通过手机布置作业，学生也无须以数字方式完成作业，所以画线词所在句说的是为了确保学生睡眠充足，家庭作业和课后辅导等都要让位，即它们都不那么重要了。故选B。 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The present measures against online games are not tough enough. B．Young students can only spend three hours a week on online games. C．Students themselves cannot control their time spent on short videos. D．Short video apps are definitely more attractive than online games. 解析　C　推理判断题。由尾段内容可推知，学生自己无法控制自己花在短视频上的时间。故选C。 B In the far future，robots live on Earth as humans but the population of humans is smaller than a thousand.This is a story of a repair robot R­62. One day，a car came to the repair factory and a human stepped out of the car. “Wow，a human！I have never seen a real one，” said R­62. “Humans are quite clever.They're able to do any action they want to.They're even able to harm other human beings or organize wars，which they have been doing a lot in the history.Also they don't even have to follow orders if they don't want to，” said another robot T­59 quietly to R­62. “How terrible it is！And almost all robots seem afraid of him and don't look at him directly，”said R­62. The human then sat down and asked if there had been any problems in the last 10 years and he only got a quick answer，“No，sir.” Then suddenly，R­62 said loudly，“I have one question for you.” The human said，“Yes”，a bit unhappy for not getting “sir”． “Why do human create so many robots？” asked R­62. Silence followed the question and he then said，“I don't need to answer questions from robots！”He then went into his car and drove away quickly. “I really don't understand why humans replaced(取代)themselves with robots，”asked R­62.“Because they thought that robots were more advanced(先进的)than humans.They created us to support themselves，” answered T­59. “But there are so few humans on Earth.What they should do is take away the robots or at least make them stop doing the work which humans are supposed to do，”said R­62. “I agree.But we can do nothing about it.And now we have to finish repairing this car，”said T­59. “All，right，let's continue.” [语篇解读]　本文属于故事，想象了未来机器人将代替人类生活在地球上，人类的人口数量将不足一千。本文通过人和机器人的对话引出了人类为什么要让机器人做人类应该做的事的疑惑。 5．In T­59's opinion，humans are . A．stupid　　　　　 B．polite C．dangerous D．smart 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段“Humans are quite clever.”可知，人类是聪明的，故选D。 6．According to the text，R­62 . A．dared not look at the human directly B．decided to give up its job C．was not friendly to the human D．hope to live on Earth 解析　C　细节理解题。根据文中第五段“‘How terrible！And almost all robots seem afraid of him and don't look at him directly.’said R­62.”可知，“多可怕啊！几乎所有的机器人都害怕他，不要直接看他。”可知R­62对人类并不是很友善。故选C。 7．What can we learn from the story? A．R­62 doesn't know what human beings look like. B．T­59 knows a lot about human beings. C．T­59 doesn't want to support human beings. D．R­62 and T­59 are brothers and do different jobs. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据文中“‘Humans are quite clever.They're able to do any action they want to.They're even able to harm other human beings or organize wars，which they have been doing a lot in the history.Also they don't even have to follow orders if they don't want to.’said another robot T­59 quietly to R­62.” 可知，“人类是非常聪明的。他们可以做他们想做的任何行动。他们甚至能伤害其他人或组织战争，他们在历史上做了很多事。另外，他们甚至不需要服从命令，如果他们不想。”可以看出T­59知道关于人类的很多事情。故选B。 8．What's R­62's attitude towards humans' creating robots? A．Doubtful. B．Excited. C．Frightened. D．Supportive. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据文中倒数第四段“‘I really don't understand why humans replaced themselves with robots.’asked R­62.”可知，“我真的不明白为什么人类会用机器人代替自己。”可看出R­62对人类制造机器人这件事是持怀疑态度的。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two­thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 . She couldn't. Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention. Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. As for Bailey, she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big 12 . “She was just crying. I couldn't 13 her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the 14 ， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15 of human kindness won the day. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Bailey在10月11日的越野赛中因为帮助一个对手而延误到达终点。虽然两人都没有赢得比赛，但人性善良的展示赢得了最终胜利。 1．A.designed B．followed C．changed D．finished 解析　D　根据上文提到的成百上千的选手在越野赛中竞争可知，Bailey参加了比赛；根据下文的“earlier than she did”“across the finish line”可知，此处指Bailey本应该要早一点完成(finished)比赛的。should have finished...意思是“本应该完成……”。design“设计”；follow“跟随”；change“改变”。故答案为D项。 2．A.delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse 解析　A　根据“because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line”以及下文描述可知，Bailey因为帮助竞争对手而耽搁(delay)了。chance“机会”；trouble“困难”；excuse“借口”。故答案为A项。 3．A.judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor 解析　D　根据第二段的“when a runner...Danielle Lenoue” “Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，Bailey背着她的竞争对手(competitor)通过了终点线。judge“裁判员，法官”；volunteer“志愿者”；classmate“同学”。故答案为D项。 4．A.race B．school C．town D．training 解析　A　根据上文的“more than two­thirds of the way”以及下文的“a runner in front of her”可知，此处指她的比赛(race)。故答案为A项。 5．A.agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised 解析　C　根据下文的“to help her fellow runner”可知，此处指Bailey停下来(stopped)去帮助她的竞争对手。agree“同意”；return“返回”；promise“答应”。故答案为C项。 6．A.courage B．aid C．patience D．advice 解析　B　根据上文的“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward”可知，此处指Bailey抓着Lenoue的胳膊想看看在她的帮助(aid)下Lenoue是不是可以向前走。courage“勇气”；patience“耐心”；advice“建议”。故答案为B项。 7．A.went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down 解析　D　根据下文的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，此处是指Bailey弯腰(bent down)让Lenoue爬到她的背上。go away“离开”；stand up“起立”；step aside“站到一边，下台，让位”。故答案为D项。 8．A.medical B．public C．constant D．equal 解析　A　根据下文的“Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital”以及“that aid checkpoint”可知，Bailey把Lenoue背到一个她可以得到医疗(medical)处理的地方。public“公众的”；constant“不断的”；equal“平等的”。故答案为A项。 9．A.interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated 解析　B　根据下文的“that aid checkpoint”可知，这个地方是进行医疗处理的地方，同时根据“later taken to a hospital”可知，Lenoue在这里先接受评估(assessed)，然后被送往医院。interrupt“打断”；identify“识别”；appreciate“感激”。 10．A.hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness 解析　B　根据上文的“crying in pain”“she had serious injuries in one of her knees”可知，如果没有Bailey的帮助，Lenoue会在极度疼痛(pain)中挣扎着到达那个医疗检查点。tiredness“疲劳”。故答案为B项。 11．A.worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged 解析　C　根据下文的“why her act is considered a big 12 ”和“I feel...the right thing”可知，Bailey是很疑惑的(confused)。worried“担心的”；ashamed“羞愧的”；discouraged“泄气的”。故答案为C项。 12．A.game B．problem C．lesson D．deal 解析　D　根据下文Bailey对记者说的话可以看出，Bailey对其他人认为她的行为是一件重要的大事(deal)很不理解。故答案为D项。 13．A.leave B．cure C．bother D．understand 解析　A　根据上文的“to help her fellow runner”以及“She was just crying”可知，这里是指Bailey不能丢下(leave)她。cure“治愈”；bother“打扰”。 14．A.ride B．test C．meet D．show 解析　C　根据上文可知，她们两个在这个比赛(meet)之前是不认识的。ride“骑行”；test“测试”；show“演出”。故答案为C项。 15．A.secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange 解析　B　根据全文的描述可知，这里指的是人性善良的展示(display)赢得了最终胜利。benefit“益处”；exchange“交换”。故答案为B项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$