选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement（人与社会：人与自我)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement（人教版2019） 人与社会：人与自我 单元引言解读 Try to become not a man of success, but try rather to become a man of value. —Albert Einstein 释义：To be a person of value is the most important thing. 启示：本单元的引言出自阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879－1955)。这句话表达了爱因斯坦对人生价值的理解：努力不是为了功成名就，而是为了成为有价值的人。处在价值观形成时期的高中学生尤其应该以榜样为引领，树立正确的人生观和价值观，明确奋斗的方向，规划好自己的人生道路。 名言名句积累 人与社会：人与自我 1．There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits. —Karl Marx 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。 ——卡尔·马克思 2．I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man.I don't know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world. —Thomas Edison 我想揭示大自然的秘密，用来造福人类。我认为，在我们的短暂一生中，最好的贡献莫过于此了。 ——托马斯·爱迪生 3．Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. —Shakespeare 不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 ——莎士比亚 4．In my opinion, he is a kind-hearted, humorous and responsible teacher. 在我看来，他是一位心地善良、幽默、有责任心的教师。 5．I admire Edison a lot because of his contributions to the world. 我很钦佩爱迪生，因为他对世界做出了贡献。 时文拓展阅读 Businesses Aim to Get More Africans Using Smartphones Modern smart phones are still seen as a curiosity in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Experts believe mobile internet service is an important tool for economic growth in places such as Ghana. However, only about 25 percent of adults in the area south of the Sahara Desert have a tool that provides internet service. Anita Akpeere is one person who uses an internet-connected smart mobile phone in her food business in Ghana's capital, Accra. She makes rice and dumplings, a kind of local food. Her phone alerts her when a new order comes in. Claire Sibthorpe is head of digital inclusion at the Britain-based mobile-phone manufacturers group GSMA. She said the cost of new phones is the main barrier to more Africans getting internet service. The lowest-priced smart phones still cost about 95 percent of monthly pay for the poorest 20 percent of the population. Jenny Aker is a professor at Tufts University near Boston, Massachusetts. She said mobile technology is more important in Africa than in more developed parts of the world. She said the small programs that run on smart phones, called apps, are able to overcome a lack of infrastructure. That is why more people in Africa need phones that connect to the internet. She said people without bank accounts use their phones to send and receive mobile money. Other people can use apps that help with farming. Still others use apps that help them learn languages. Uniti Networks has a "super app" that permits smart phone users in poor places to use lots of other apps. The business also has a payment plan that permits people in Ghana who do not have much money to get smart phones. Cyril Fianyo is a farmer who uses the plan. He is a 64-year-old farmer in the country's eastern Volta area. He paid about $25 to get his phone and will pay the remaining $66 in regular payments. The phone has an app called Cocoa Link that helps him learn planting methods for his cocoa crop. In the past, Fianyo used his intuition to decide when to plant. However, now he thinks Cocoa Link will look at the upcoming weather and tell him the right time to plant. He hopes it will lead to a bigger crop. Kami Dar is chief of Uniti Networks. He said mobile phones could also improve Africa's health care system. So far, he said, Uniti has 650 participants in its program that permits regular payments over time. The goal is to have 100,000 people taking part within five years. Uniti, however, will only reach its customer goal if more people in Ghana learn how to use smart phones. But there is both a language barrier and a technology barrier. Although many people in Ghana speak English, some cannot read the language. In addition, many people do not know how to operate a smart phone. They will have to learn to read English and learn how to use the phone. The barriers mean many people decide a smart phone is not worth the cost. Alain Capo-Chichi is trying to fix that problem. He is the head of CERCO Group, a company that developed a smart phone that works with only voice commands. "If you buy a car, it's because you can drive it." The voice control, he said, will permit more people to "drive" their smart phone. His system supports 50 African languages, including Swahili, Yoruba and Wolof. Aker, the professor near Boston, said it is unclear at this time how many apps will be able to improve life in Africa. She has looked at health and farming apps. She said the health apps mostly tell people when to take medicine or advise them of the need to be vaccinated. The farming apps, she noted, do not clearly show evidence of producing more productive crops. Capo-Chichi said one reason people are unsure about investing in smart phones is the lack of useful apps. Dar from Uniti Networks said app makers are trying to do better. He gave the example of an app that helps cocoa farmers save money for retirement. At first, the app was hard to use, so many farmers needed help or decided it was not worth their time. But the company that provided the savings service fixed some of the problems. Over time, the apps improve. One example is a health app that helps women follow their reproductive, or menstrual, cycle to avoid pregnancy. Another app helps people find medicinal plants. Aker said more investment in public services is needed for Africa. But she also worried about a dependence on smart phones and said some people could lose personal data to criminals or hackers. The expert noted that companies that make apps can only do well if they have more users. Companies that are creating payment plans for Africans can only make money if they get more customers. In addition, Aker noted the phones can still make a difference for some. She noted that the United Nations says over 700 million people around the world are illiterate, meaning they cannot read or write any language. Aker said smart phones can help people learn to read and write. However, curiosity may still be the biggest driver of smart phone sales, especially if the cost is not so high. Back in Fianyo's fields, his new smartphone has attracted interest. "This is something I would like to be part of," said neighboring farmer Godsway Kwamigah. 【译文欣赏】 企业旨在让更多非洲人使用智能手机 在撒哈拉以南非洲的一些地区，现代智能手机仍然被视为一种好奇心。 专家认为，移动互联网服务是加纳等地经济增长的重要工具。然而，在撒哈拉沙漠以南地区，只有约25%的成年人拥有提供互联网服务的工具。 Anita Akpeere是加纳首都阿克拉食品企业中使用联网智能手机的人。她做米饭和饺子，一种当地的食物。当有新订单进来时，她的手机会提醒她。 Claire Sibthorpe是总部位于英国的移动电话制造商集团GSMA的数字包容性负责人。她说，新手机的成本是更多非洲人获得互联网服务的主要障碍。对于最贫穷的20%人口来说，价格最低的智能手机的价格仍然是月工资的95%左右。 Jenny Aker是马萨诸塞州波士顿附近塔夫茨大学的教授。她说，移动技术在非洲比在世界发达地区更重要。她说，在智能手机上运行的小程序，称为应用程序，能够克服基础设施的不足。这就是为什么非洲有更多的人需要连接互联网的手机。她说，没有银行账户的人使用手机发送和接收移动货币。其他人可以使用有助于农业的应用程序。还有一些人使用帮助他们学习语言的应用程序。 Uniti Networks有一个“超级应用程序”，允许贫困地区的智能手机用户使用许多其他应用程序。该公司还有一个支付计划，允许加纳没有多少钱的人购买智能手机。Cyril Fianyo是一位采用该计划的农民。他是该国东部沃尔特地区的一名64岁农民。他花了大约25美元买了手机，剩下的66美元将定期支付。这款手机有一个名为Cocoa Link的应用程序，可以帮助他学习可可作物的种植方法。 在过去，Fianyo用他的直觉来决定何时种植。然而，现在他认为Cocoa Link会考虑即将到来的天气，并告诉他正确的种植时间。他希望这能带来更大的收成。 卡米·达尔是Uniti Networks的首席执行官。他说，手机还可以改善非洲的医疗保健系统。他说，到目前为止，Uniti有650名参与者参与了其允许定期付款的计划。目标是在五年内有10万人参加。 然而，只有加纳有更多的人学习如何使用智能手机，Uniti才能实现其客户目标。但这既有语言障碍，也有技术障碍。虽然加纳的许多人会说英语，但有些人不会读英语。此外，许多人不知道如何操作智能手机。他们必须学会阅读英语，学会如何使用电话。 这些障碍意味着许多人认为智能手机不值得花钱。 阿兰·卡波·奇奇正试图解决这个问题。他是CERCO集团的负责人，该公司开发了一种仅使用语音命令的智能手机。“如果你买了一辆车，那是因为你可以开车。”他说，语音控制将允许更多的人“驾驶”他们的智能手机。他的系统支持50种非洲语言，包括斯瓦希里语、约鲁巴语和沃洛夫语。 波士顿附近的阿克教授表示，目前尚不清楚有多少应用程序能够改善非洲的生活。她研究了健康和农业应用程序。她说，健康应用程序主要告诉人们何时服药或建议他们接种疫苗。她指出，农业应用程序没有明确显示出生产更高产作物的证据。 Capo Chichi说，人们不确定投资智能手机的一个原因是缺乏有用的应用程序。 Uniti Networks的Dar表示，应用程序制造商正在努力做得更好。他举了一个帮助可可种植者为退休储蓄的应用程序的例子。起初，该应用程序很难使用，所以许多农民需要帮助，或者认为不值得他们花时间。但提供储蓄服务的公司解决了一些问题。 随着时间的推移，应用程序不断改进。一个例子是一个健康应用程序，可以帮助女性遵循她们的生殖或月经周期，以避免怀孕。另一个应用程序帮助人们找到药用植物。 阿克尔说，非洲需要更多的公共服务投资。但她也担心对智能手机的依赖，并表示有些人可能会将个人数据丢失给犯罪分子或黑客。 这位专家指出，只有拥有更多用户，制作应用程序的公司才能做得很好。为非洲人制定支付计划的公司只有在获得更多客户的情况下才能赚钱。 此外，阿克指出，手机仍然可以为一些人带来改变。她指出，联合国表示，全世界有7亿多人是文盲，这意味着他们不能读写任何语言。阿克说，智能手机可以帮助人们学习读写。 然而，好奇心可能仍然是智能手机销售的最大驱动力，尤其是在成本不太高的情况下。 回到Fianyo的领域，他的新智能手机引起了人们的兴趣。“这是我想成为的一部分，”邻近的农民Godsway Kwamigah说。 【词汇积累】 curiosity –n. the state of mind of being interested in something and wanting to learn more about it 好奇心；好奇 inclusion –n. the act of making a group out of many different things 包含；包括 infrastructure –n. things like roads, bridges, electricity lines and other structures that are associated with civilization 基础设施 intuition –n. a sense of knowing something without proof or evidence 直觉力 participant –n. a person who takes part in an activity with a group 参与者 hacker –n. a person who gets inside a computer system to take information or to cause damage 黑客 attract –v. to cause someone to become interested in something 吸引 【知识拓展】 全球移动通信系统协会近日发布的《2022年撒哈拉以南非洲移动经济》报告显示，截至2021年底，撒哈拉以南非洲地区已有超过5亿人订购移动服务，移动用户渗透率为46%。报告预计，到2025年，该地区将有6.13亿人订购移动服务，用户渗透率将达到50%。预计超过半数新用户来自尼日利亚、埃塞俄比亚、刚果（金）、坦桑尼亚和肯尼亚。 【词汇延伸】 neighboring 邻近 ; 使接近 ; 位于…附近 (on upon) ; 与…有睦邻关系 a language barrier and a technology barrier 语言和技术障碍 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·浙江·高考真题）While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 1 with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 2 me on the train. My 3 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 4 to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had 5 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 6 highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most 7 , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would 8 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 9 as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I 10 him asking at one point. It would have been easy to 11 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 12 , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he 13 me just how much one can gain from 14 with an open mind, and a willingness to 15 with locals from all walks of life. 1．A．experiment B．encounter C．competition D．appointment 2．A．treated B．saved C．lectured D．approached 3．A．true B．so-called C．new D．long-lost 4．A．chance B．advice C．trouble D．right 5．A．visited B．financed C．attended D．founded 6．A．building B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding 7．A．typical B．obvious C．natural D．remarkable 8．A．publish B．quote C．сорy D．download 9．A．writers B．historians C．workers D．students 10．A．anticipate B．imagine C．recall D．catch 11．A．look into B．rely on C．go over D．deal with 12．A．well-behaved B．multi-skilled C．warm-hearted D．self-educated 13．A．asked B．warned C．showed D．promised 14．A．traveling B．reading C．searching D．teaching 15．A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage (   一 ， 词汇 是所有语言技能的基石，深厚的词汇功底是提升完形填空能力的关键。这不仅仅是记忆单词本身，更包括对词义和常用搭配的全面理解。 务必确保对我们复习中的核心词汇和模拟题中频繁出现的完形高频词 汇能够倒背如流。      二 ，运用 技巧 去解析语境至关重要。 分析句子内部结构，句间联系、 段落之间的联系以及整体篇章的构架，将有助于更好地理解文意 。      三， 持续 复习 那些 有价值的完形填空篇章 ——例如 历年真题和质量高的模拟题 。 如果能在教师讲评 一周或一个月后 ，还能不看选项凭记忆填写答案。如若能快速准确填出，这证明你的学习是非常有效的。这不仅是一个极佳的自我检验方法，也是锻炼思维的过程。 ) ( w hile taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for. while引导时间状从的省略句 :While(l was)taking a20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China 主句部分 :I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else wonderful encounter with a local 定语从句部分 :tha t all travelers long for 翻译 : ) ( humbling adj ； virtually adv ； professional adj ； literary adj ； assumption n ； informed a dj ； admirable adj ； encounter n ； approach v ； long-lost adj ； remarkable adj 惊人的，非凡的； quote v ； anticipate v ； recall v ； side v 与……） ； negotiate v long for ； physical labor ； without batting an eye ； in the course of ； from all walks of life ) 全文翻译   在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的相遇。在火车上，一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。     在几个小时的时间里，他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校，以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而，也许最值得注意的是，这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前，他会毫不犹豫地引用爱默生翻译的一段话。“你对俄罗斯作家了解多少?” 我记得他问我。    我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态的旅行和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 （二） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more 16 than the average person. He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that happened when he was about 2. He had been trying to 17 milk from the fridge when he 18 the slippery (光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came in, 19 shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’！ I have 20 seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and 21 in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？” His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 22 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can 23 it.” The little boy learned that if he 24 the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful 25 ！ This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 26 to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just 27 for learning something new, which is, 28 , what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't 29 ”, we usually learn something 30 from it., 16．A．active B．absent C．creative D．honest 17．A．buy B．replace C．remove D．protect 18．A．fell B．fled C．escaped D．dropped 19．A．in honor of B．instead of C．in spite of D．in place of 20．A．rarely B．happily C．frequently D．apparently 21．A．jump B．play C．enjoy D．handle 22．A．failed B．successful C．fantastic D．painful 23．A．get B．put C．try D．make 24．A．controlled B．analysed C．broke D．held 25．A．cure B．teaching C．lesson D．instruction 26．A．concerned B．ready C．athletic D．afraid 27．A．situations B．chances C．times D．turns 28．A．after all B．above all C．first of all D．in all 29．A．do B．finish C．go D．work 30．A．lovable B．severe C．valuable D．interesting （三） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Life is to be lived. No excuses. No holding back. A story about the violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once 31 a beautiful instrument he wanted to get. When he 32 raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a(n) 33 . He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to 34 him to sell the violin. However, the collector said it was one of his valuable possessions and he could not let it go. Kreisler felt 35 and turned to leave, but then asked a favour, “May I play the instrument once more 36 it is put away?” 37 was given and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in 38 . “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let people 39 it. ” For you and I are excellent violins—our 40 is meant to be heard. I want to live my 41 that way—to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather be 42 than die not having done whatever I could. I’m not talking about 43 ourselves by doing too much. Happiness is never found in excessive business. But it is found in applying our lives to helping others. Say yes when asked for a hand. 44 to work for a charity organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness is not about what I can or cannot do. It is about how much I 45 to others. My life is meant to be lived. 31．A．found out B．gave up C．took over D．came across 32．A．possibly B．recently C．finally D．seriously 33．A．collector B．musician C．performer D．inventor 34．A．expect B．persuade C．help D．force 35．A．angry B．disappointed C．helpless D．brave 36．A．so that B．unless C．as if D．before 37．A．Permission B．Judgment C．Award D．Money 38．A．pain B．amazement C．secret D．sorrow 39．A．discuss B．use C．know D．hear 40．A．story B．music C．message D．voice 41．A．word B．instrument C．life D．work 42．A．dressed up B．used up C．beaten up D．woken up 43．A．protecting B．controlling C．amusing D．exhausting 44．A．Volunteer B．Struggle C．Continue D．Wait 45．A．talk B．turn C．give D．adapt （四） 阅读理解 （23-24高二上·浙江·单元测试）Gordon Brown was born in Scotland in 1951. His childhood was a brilliant success because of his intellectual strength. He was accepted into middle school at 10. At 16 he became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh. “At that time, he was a lucky boy, good at almost everything,” said his old friend Murray Elder. However, setbacks (挫折) fell on the brilliant boy. After a rugby injury, he became blind in his left eye. Before long, similar symptoms (症状) developed in his right eye. “I lay in the hospital bed in total darkness, uncertain about my future,” said Brown. Looking back on the past, Brown didn’t complain about his bad luck. He even said, “One door closes; you can’t play rugby any more, so you focus on other things.” Brown was interested in student politics in university, which helped a lot in his political career later in life. In 1997, Brown was made Chancellor of the Exchequer (财政大臣). He has succeeded in giving the country a high rate of employment and the longest period of economic growth in its history. Compared with his successful career, Brown’s family life is full of downs. He lost his first daughter ten days after her birth. His one-year-old youngest son has a deadly disease. “These accidents make me appreciate my life more,” he said. 46．Gordon Brown was successful in his childhood because he . A．was very intelligent B．went to middle school at ten C．played rugby very well D．became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh 47．When Gordon Brown looked back on the past, he . A．still had hope for the future B．wished that he had not played rugby C．believed that his door was closed D．felt very sad about his misfortune 48．Which of the following is TRUE about Gordon Brown? A．He didn’t like politics at university. B．He became Chancellor of the Exchequer at 48. C．He did a good job to improve the national economy. D．He didn’t do well for the country’s employment rate. （五） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Colourful felt (毛毡) flowers have been “planted” at different street corners throughout Guangzhou by young local sculptor Luo Shengtian. Starting as a graduation project in April, his efforts have now become a group activity in both China and Europe. Luo said he always wanted to repair the city’s “scars”， such as damaged walls or stone stairs by art. Luo mentioned that these colourful felt plants are like a “beautiful warning” to people as they walk by, reminding them to be aware of these damaged street corners. Within one month, Luo “planted” more than 20 flowers in his community. These flowers attracted more than 300 volunteers to join a WeChat group to spread the repair tasks to other places such as Beijing and Fuzhou. “The meaning of the project is to bring art into people’s everyday lives. Sculptures or other works of fine arts are no longer just an idea in the air，” Luo noted. Following the increase of volunteers, it even spread to European cities such as Venice, and Paris. Luo shared an interesting story in Venice, where one of his fans “planted” a felt flower to see how people would respond to the project. The flower was picked up by someone only a day after it appeared in public, but later three new ones were “planted” by a mysterious person overnight. “I was touched by that. Such an artistic focus on our living environment seems to be shared by global creators，” Luo said. Luo is not the only young creator in the city to focus on creatively renewing people’s everyday experiences. More similar projects have been launched, showing younger generations’ care and social responsibility. 49．Why does Luo Shengtian “plant” felt flowers in Guangzhou? A．To protect the flowers. B．To fix broken walls. C．To start a group activity. D．To warn people in streets. 50．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Luo created 300 volunteer groups. B．Luo “planted” 20 flowers in Beijing. C．The project’s influence spread abroad. D．The project made art appear in the air. 51．What is the purpose of the story in Venice in Paragraph 4? A．To show the art works’ acceptance in Italy. B．To praise a kind stranger who spread the idea. C．To test if people value their living environment. D．To state the flowers have been widely “planted”． 52．What’s the best title of this text? A．Felt Flowers Beautify Old Cities B．Luo Shengtian, a Gifted Sculptor C．A Beautiful Warning from Flowers D．A Project Famous in European Countries （六） （2019·山东聊城·一模）The year 2019 began with two pieces of exciting space exploration news. On Jan. 3, China landed a spacecraft, Change-4, on the moons far side—the side we can’t see from Earth—for the first time in human history. And according to a report published on Jan. 9 in Nature, scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1.5 billion light years away, possibly sent by intelligent aliens. However, what’s even more exciting than the news is the fact that whenever speaking of space exploration, we forget our political and cultural differences—the things that so obsess us. “When you go into space, you become part of this overall collective called ‘Humanity’,” Ken Liu, Chinese American sci-fi writer and translator, told Quartz website. “You’re no longer Chinese, American, Russian... Your culture is left behind. You’re now just Humanity with a capital ‘H’.” This magic has worked all the way along our journey into space. When US astronaut Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) became the first human to set foot on the moon in 1969, for example, he told the world: “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Now, with Change-4 touching down on new moon territory, China’s aim is to help scientists from around the world find out more about Earths only satellite. And with the discovery of the CHIME astronauts, we’re one step closer to answering a common question in science: “Are humans alone in the universe?” It’s true that we are a curious species. But instead of being curious about the “unknown”, perhaps were really more eager to “push further” our own human “boundaries” and “limits”. 53．Which of the following is the discovery of the CHIME scientists? A．A galaxy with intelligent aliens. B．Repeated radio signals sent by intelligent aliens. C．Repeated radio signals from a distant galaxy. D．Radio signals from a galaxy several years ago. 54．Why does the author quote Ken Lius words? A．To introduce the famous writer, Ken Liu. B．To show that in space we are just humanity. C．To emphasize that culture is not important. D．To introduce the things that obsess us very much. 55．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．Further confirm his opinion. B．Add some background information. C．Summarize the previous paragraphs. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. 56．What’s the main idea of the text? A．China takes the lead in space exploration. B．Humans are not alone in the universe. C．Space exploration is a common cause of mankind. D．Humans desire to push the boundaries of scientific limits. （七） （23-24高三上·山东·阶段练习）Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals’ activity dropped right down.” On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions ( 离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 57．How did scientists conduct the study? A．By comparing different animals’ habits. B．By observing animals in high mountains. C．By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. D．By analyzing images of animals they obtained. 58．What can be inferred from animal activity before earthquakes? A．The ground at a lower altitude is less ionized. B．Cameras normally record more animals per day. C．Earthquake warnings can be detected in lower places. D．The activity of animals and earthquakes is consistent. 59．What can we learn from the text? A．The findings make for accurate seismic forecast. B．Animals tend to be uneasy with more positive ions. C．Positive ions make humans and animals depressed. D．All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 60．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions. B．Ions’ Destruction to the Environment. C．Animals’ Behavior Before Earthquakes. D．Creatures’ Ability to Predict Earthquakes. （八） （21-22高一下·全国·单元测试）So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person. Fortunately, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you prefer typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. 61 A new study found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email. 62 In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other. 63 “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone than email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement. In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication—whether video or audio only—made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text. Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, 64 Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. 65 .“Each party is present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.” A．if they want to get connected with someone far away. B．According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting. C．Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. D．as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “express information exactly without unexpected interruptions by the other person.” E．As far as some people are concerned, making a call can save us more time than texting. F．In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness. G．“A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message,” she explains. （八） 语法填空 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Zu Chongzhi was a famous and remarkable mathematician and scientist in ancient China. He lived in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. When he was young, he had 66 broad range of interests, such as 67 (nature) science and philosophy. And he was interested in mathematics, astronomy and machinery. The achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation (计算) of the value of pi has been 68 (international) acknowledged. Liu Hui, a mathematician in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, proposed a way 69 (work) out the value of pi—the cyclotomic method (割圆术). Based on the earlier research, Zu Chongzhi came to the conclusion that the value of pi falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927 after more than 1,000 70 (time) of calculation. He also 71 (put) forward the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi is 355/113, which is called “milü”. It boosted the calculation of pi to a new phase. It was more than 1,000 years before the Western mathematicians calculated the same value. Thus the value of pi is also called “zulü” 72 memory of him. Besides the achievement in mathematics, he wrote the book Zhui Shu, 73 gathered his accomplishments in mathematics and 74 (take) as a teaching material during the Tang Dynasty. And he also made a great 75 (contribute) to astronomy and machinery. 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Write a description of someone you admire 本单元的写作任务是“介绍你钦佩的人”，属于记叙文的写作范畴。写作时要围绕人物组织材料，通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、性格特点、教育背景、工作经历、专业、爱好、主要事迹等。请选择一篇你感兴趣的人物阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络作为素材辅助写作！ Task 2 22-23高三上·重庆·阶段练习）现你校英语报组织征文比赛，请以“我心中最伟大的科学家”为题，写一篇短文参赛。内容包括： 1.人物简介； 2.人物事迹； 3.人物精神。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 The Greatest Scientist in My Heart __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement（人教版2019） 人与社会：人与自我 单元引言解读 Try to become not a man of success, but try rather to become a man of value. —Albert Einstein 释义：To be a person of value is the most important thing. 启示：本单元的引言出自阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879－1955)。这句话表达了爱因斯坦对人生价值的理解：努力不是为了功成名就，而是为了成为有价值的人。处在价值观形成时期的高中学生尤其应该以榜样为引领，树立正确的人生观和价值观，明确奋斗的方向，规划好自己的人生道路。 名言名句积累 人与社会：人与自我 1．There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits. —Karl Marx 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。 ——卡尔·马克思 2．I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man.I don't know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world. —Thomas Edison 我想揭示大自然的秘密，用来造福人类。我认为，在我们的短暂一生中，最好的贡献莫过于此了。 ——托马斯·爱迪生 3．Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. —Shakespeare 不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 ——莎士比亚 4．In my opinion, he is a kind-hearted, humorous and responsible teacher. 在我看来，他是一位心地善良、幽默、有责任心的教师。 5．I admire Edison a lot because of his contributions to the world. 我很钦佩爱迪生，因为他对世界做出了贡献。 时文拓展阅读 Businesses Aim to Get More Africans Using Smartphones Modern smart phones are still seen as a curiosity in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Experts believe mobile internet service is an important tool for economic growth in places such as Ghana. However, only about 25 percent of adults in the area south of the Sahara Desert have a tool that provides internet service. Anita Akpeere is one person who uses an internet-connected smart mobile phone in her food business in Ghana's capital, Accra. She makes rice and dumplings, a kind of local food. Her phone alerts her when a new order comes in. Claire Sibthorpe is head of digital inclusion at the Britain-based mobile-phone manufacturers group GSMA. She said the cost of new phones is the main barrier to more Africans getting internet service. The lowest-priced smart phones still cost about 95 percent of monthly pay for the poorest 20 percent of the population. Jenny Aker is a professor at Tufts University near Boston, Massachusetts. She said mobile technology is more important in Africa than in more developed parts of the world. She said the small programs that run on smart phones, called apps, are able to overcome a lack of infrastructure. That is why more people in Africa need phones that connect to the internet. She said people without bank accounts use their phones to send and receive mobile money. Other people can use apps that help with farming. Still others use apps that help them learn languages. Uniti Networks has a "super app" that permits smart phone users in poor places to use lots of other apps. The business also has a payment plan that permits people in Ghana who do not have much money to get smart phones. Cyril Fianyo is a farmer who uses the plan. He is a 64-year-old farmer in the country's eastern Volta area. He paid about $25 to get his phone and will pay the remaining $66 in regular payments. The phone has an app called Cocoa Link that helps him learn planting methods for his cocoa crop. In the past, Fianyo used his intuition to decide when to plant. However, now he thinks Cocoa Link will look at the upcoming weather and tell him the right time to plant. He hopes it will lead to a bigger crop. Kami Dar is chief of Uniti Networks. He said mobile phones could also improve Africa's health care system. So far, he said, Uniti has 650 participants in its program that permits regular payments over time. The goal is to have 100,000 people taking part within five years. Uniti, however, will only reach its customer goal if more people in Ghana learn how to use smart phones. But there is both a language barrier and a technology barrier. Although many people in Ghana speak English, some cannot read the language. In addition, many people do not know how to operate a smart phone. They will have to learn to read English and learn how to use the phone. The barriers mean many people decide a smart phone is not worth the cost. Alain Capo-Chichi is trying to fix that problem. He is the head of CERCO Group, a company that developed a smart phone that works with only voice commands. "If you buy a car, it's because you can drive it." The voice control, he said, will permit more people to "drive" their smart phone. His system supports 50 African languages, including Swahili, Yoruba and Wolof. Aker, the professor near Boston, said it is unclear at this time how many apps will be able to improve life in Africa. She has looked at health and farming apps. She said the health apps mostly tell people when to take medicine or advise them of the need to be vaccinated. The farming apps, she noted, do not clearly show evidence of producing more productive crops. Capo-Chichi said one reason people are unsure about investing in smart phones is the lack of useful apps. Dar from Uniti Networks said app makers are trying to do better. He gave the example of an app that helps cocoa farmers save money for retirement. At first, the app was hard to use, so many farmers needed help or decided it was not worth their time. But the company that provided the savings service fixed some of the problems. Over time, the apps improve. One example is a health app that helps women follow their reproductive, or menstrual, cycle to avoid pregnancy. Another app helps people find medicinal plants. Aker said more investment in public services is needed for Africa. But she also worried about a dependence on smart phones and said some people could lose personal data to criminals or hackers. The expert noted that companies that make apps can only do well if they have more users. Companies that are creating payment plans for Africans can only make money if they get more customers. In addition, Aker noted the phones can still make a difference for some. She noted that the United Nations says over 700 million people around the world are illiterate, meaning they cannot read or write any language. Aker said smart phones can help people learn to read and write. However, curiosity may still be the biggest driver of smart phone sales, especially if the cost is not so high. Back in Fianyo's fields, his new smartphone has attracted interest. "This is something I would like to be part of," said neighboring farmer Godsway Kwamigah. 【译文欣赏】 企业旨在让更多非洲人使用智能手机 在撒哈拉以南非洲的一些地区，现代智能手机仍然被视为一种好奇心。 专家认为，移动互联网服务是加纳等地经济增长的重要工具。然而，在撒哈拉沙漠以南地区，只有约25%的成年人拥有提供互联网服务的工具。 Anita Akpeere是加纳首都阿克拉食品企业中使用联网智能手机的人。她做米饭和饺子，一种当地的食物。当有新订单进来时，她的手机会提醒她。 Claire Sibthorpe是总部位于英国的移动电话制造商集团GSMA的数字包容性负责人。她说，新手机的成本是更多非洲人获得互联网服务的主要障碍。对于最贫穷的20%人口来说，价格最低的智能手机的价格仍然是月工资的95%左右。 Jenny Aker是马萨诸塞州波士顿附近塔夫茨大学的教授。她说，移动技术在非洲比在世界发达地区更重要。她说，在智能手机上运行的小程序，称为应用程序，能够克服基础设施的不足。这就是为什么非洲有更多的人需要连接互联网的手机。她说，没有银行账户的人使用手机发送和接收移动货币。其他人可以使用有助于农业的应用程序。还有一些人使用帮助他们学习语言的应用程序。 Uniti Networks有一个“超级应用程序”，允许贫困地区的智能手机用户使用许多其他应用程序。该公司还有一个支付计划，允许加纳没有多少钱的人购买智能手机。Cyril Fianyo是一位采用该计划的农民。他是该国东部沃尔特地区的一名64岁农民。他花了大约25美元买了手机，剩下的66美元将定期支付。这款手机有一个名为Cocoa Link的应用程序，可以帮助他学习可可作物的种植方法。 在过去，Fianyo用他的直觉来决定何时种植。然而，现在他认为Cocoa Link会考虑即将到来的天气，并告诉他正确的种植时间。他希望这能带来更大的收成。 卡米·达尔是Uniti Networks的首席执行官。他说，手机还可以改善非洲的医疗保健系统。他说，到目前为止，Uniti有650名参与者参与了其允许定期付款的计划。目标是在五年内有10万人参加。 然而，只有加纳有更多的人学习如何使用智能手机，Uniti才能实现其客户目标。但这既有语言障碍，也有技术障碍。虽然加纳的许多人会说英语，但有些人不会读英语。此外，许多人不知道如何操作智能手机。他们必须学会阅读英语，学会如何使用电话。 这些障碍意味着许多人认为智能手机不值得花钱。 阿兰·卡波·奇奇正试图解决这个问题。他是CERCO集团的负责人，该公司开发了一种仅使用语音命令的智能手机。“如果你买了一辆车，那是因为你可以开车。”他说，语音控制将允许更多的人“驾驶”他们的智能手机。他的系统支持50种非洲语言，包括斯瓦希里语、约鲁巴语和沃洛夫语。 波士顿附近的阿克教授表示，目前尚不清楚有多少应用程序能够改善非洲的生活。她研究了健康和农业应用程序。她说，健康应用程序主要告诉人们何时服药或建议他们接种疫苗。她指出，农业应用程序没有明确显示出生产更高产作物的证据。 Capo Chichi说，人们不确定投资智能手机的一个原因是缺乏有用的应用程序。 Uniti Networks的Dar表示，应用程序制造商正在努力做得更好。他举了一个帮助可可种植者为退休储蓄的应用程序的例子。起初，该应用程序很难使用，所以许多农民需要帮助，或者认为不值得他们花时间。但提供储蓄服务的公司解决了一些问题。 随着时间的推移，应用程序不断改进。一个例子是一个健康应用程序，可以帮助女性遵循她们的生殖或月经周期，以避免怀孕。另一个应用程序帮助人们找到药用植物。 阿克尔说，非洲需要更多的公共服务投资。但她也担心对智能手机的依赖，并表示有些人可能会将个人数据丢失给犯罪分子或黑客。 这位专家指出，只有拥有更多用户，制作应用程序的公司才能做得很好。为非洲人制定支付计划的公司只有在获得更多客户的情况下才能赚钱。 此外，阿克指出，手机仍然可以为一些人带来改变。她指出，联合国表示，全世界有7亿多人是文盲，这意味着他们不能读写任何语言。阿克说，智能手机可以帮助人们学习读写。 然而，好奇心可能仍然是智能手机销售的最大驱动力，尤其是在成本不太高的情况下。 回到Fianyo的领域，他的新智能手机引起了人们的兴趣。“这是我想成为的一部分，”邻近的农民Godsway Kwamigah说。 【词汇积累】 curiosity –n. the state of mind of being interested in something and wanting to learn more about it 好奇心；好奇 inclusion –n. the act of making a group out of many different things 包含；包括 infrastructure –n. things like roads, bridges, electricity lines and other structures that are associated with civilization 基础设施 intuition –n. a sense of knowing something without proof or evidence 直觉力 participant –n. a person who takes part in an activity with a group 参与者 hacker –n. a person who gets inside a computer system to take information or to cause damage 黑客 attract –v. to cause someone to become interested in something 吸引 【知识拓展】 全球移动通信系统协会近日发布的《2022年撒哈拉以南非洲移动经济》报告显示，截至2021年底，撒哈拉以南非洲地区已有超过5亿人订购移动服务，移动用户渗透率为46%。报告预计，到2025年，该地区将有6.13亿人订购移动服务，用户渗透率将达到50%。预计超过半数新用户来自尼日利亚、埃塞俄比亚、刚果（金）、坦桑尼亚和肯尼亚。 【词汇延伸】 neighboring 邻近 ; 使接近 ; 位于…附近 (on upon) ; 与…有睦邻关系 a language barrier and a technology barrier 语言和技术障碍 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·浙江·高考真题）While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful 1 with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man 2 me on the train. My 3 friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the 4 to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had 5 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 6 highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most 7 , however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would 8 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 9 as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I 10 him asking at one point. It would have been easy to 11 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, 12 , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he 13 me just how much one can gain from 14 with an open mind, and a willingness to 15 with locals from all walks of life. 1．A．experiment B．encounter C．competition D．appointment 2．A．treated B．saved C．lectured D．approached 3．A．true B．so-called C．new D．long-lost 4．A．chance B．advice C．trouble D．right 5．A．visited B．financed C．attended D．founded 6．A．building B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding 7．A．typical B．obvious C．natural D．remarkable 8．A．publish B．quote C．сорy D．download 9．A．writers B．historians C．workers D．students 10．A．anticipate B．imagine C．recall D．catch 11．A．look into B．rely on C．go over D．deal with 12．A．well-behaved B．multi-skilled C．warm-hearted D．self-educated 13．A．asked B．warned C．showed D．promised 14．A．traveling B．reading C．searching D．teaching 15．A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated对待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演讲；D. approached靠近。根据后文“me on the train”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. chance机会；B. advice建议；C. trouble麻烦；D. right权利。根据后文“to practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. visited拜访；B. financed提供资金；C. attended参加，上(学)；D. founded成立。根据后文“a two-year professional school”可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. writers作者；B. historians历史学家；C. workers工人；D. students学生。根据上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及后文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors?(你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？)”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. asked询问；B. warned警告；C. showed展示；D. promised承诺。根据后文“me just how much one can gain from”指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side边；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。 (   一 ， 词汇 是所有语言技能的基石，深厚的词汇功底是提升完形填空能力的关键。这不仅仅是记忆单词本身，更包括对词义和常用搭配的全面理解。 务必确保对我们复习中的核心词汇和模拟题中频繁出现的完形高频词 汇能够倒背如流。      二 ，运用 技巧 去解析语境至关重要。 分析句子内部结构，句间联系、 段落之间的联系以及整体篇章的构架，将有助于更好地理解文意 。      三， 持续 复习 那些 有价值的完形填空篇章 ——例如 历年真题和质量高的模拟题 。 如果能在教师讲评 一周或一个月后 ，还能不看选项凭记忆填写答案。如若能快速准确填出，这证明你的学习是非常有效的。这不仅是一个极佳的自我检验方法，也是锻炼思维的过程。 ) ( w hile taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for. while引导时间状从的省略句 :While(l was)taking a20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China 主句部分 :I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else wonderful encounter with a local 定语从句部分 :tha t all travelers long for 翻译 : 当我在乘坐着20小时的火车穿行在中国西北的塔克拉玛干沙漠的边缘时，我遇见了一个所有旅行者都渴望遇见的当地人，让我感到谦卑、有教育意义，最重要的是这是一次美妙的邂逅。 ) ( humbling adj 令人谦卑的； virtually adv 几乎； professional adj 职业的，专业的； literary adj 文学的； assumption n 假设； informed adj 见多识广的； admirable adj 令人钦佩的； encounter n 偶遇，邂逅； approach v 走近，靠近； long-lost adj 长久未见的； remarkable adj 惊人的，非凡的； quote v 引用； anticipate v 预料，期待； recall v 回忆起； side v 与……）站在一边； negotiate v 协商 long for 盼望 ；渴望 ； physical labor 体力劳动； without batting an eye 眼睛都不眨一下，泰然自若； in the course of 在……期间； from all walks of life 来自各行各业 ) 全文翻译   在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的相遇。在火车上，一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。     在几个小时的时间里，他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校，以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而，也许最值得注意的是，这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前，他会毫不犹豫地引用爱默生翻译的一段话。“你对俄罗斯作家了解多少?” 我记得他问我。    我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态的旅行和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 （二） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more 16 than the average person. He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that happened when he was about 2. He had been trying to 17 milk from the fridge when he 18 the slippery (光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came in, 19 shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’！ I have 20 seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and 21 in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？” His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 22 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can 23 it.” The little boy learned that if he 24 the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful 25 ！ This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 26 to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just 27 for learning something new, which is, 28 , what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't 29 ”, we usually learn something 30 from it., 16．A．active B．absent C．creative D．honest 17．A．buy B．replace C．remove D．protect 18．A．fell B．fled C．escaped D．dropped 19．A．in honor of B．instead of C．in spite of D．in place of 20．A．rarely B．happily C．frequently D．apparently 21．A．jump B．play C．enjoy D．handle 22．A．failed B．successful C．fantastic D．painful 23．A．get B．put C．try D．make 24．A．controlled B．analysed C．broke D．held 25．A．cure B．teaching C．lesson D．instruction 26．A．concerned B．ready C．athletic D．afraid 27．A．situations B．chances C．times D．turns 28．A．after all B．above all C．first of all D．in all 29．A．do B．finish C．go D．work 30．A．lovable B．severe C．valuable D．interesting 【答案】 16．C 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．A 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．D 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一位科学家为什么能够与众不同？这与他母亲对他的教育有关。两岁时，他把奶瓶掉在地上，牛奶撒了一地，妈妈没有批评他，反而鼓励他尝试如何把瓶子抓好，因为错误往往是学习新知识的良机。妈妈的做法也培养了他勇敢地面对失败、敢于担当的品质。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他正在接受一个记者的采访，记者问他为什么他认为他能比一般人更有创造力。A. active活跃的；B. absent缺席的；C. creative有创造力的；D. honest诚实的。根据前文“I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs ”可知，他有几项医学突破，这应该是一种创造力。故选C项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，却不小心把那个滑溜溜的(光滑的)瓶子掉了下来，里面的牛奶洒了一地。A. buy买；B. replace取代；C. remove 移动；D. protect保护。根据下文“milk from the fridge”可知，remove…from是固定搭配，意思是：从……地方拿走/移开。故选C项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，却不小心把那个滑溜溜的(光滑的)瓶子掉了下来，里面的牛奶洒了一地。A. fell 掉下，摔倒；B.fled逃离；C. escaped逃脱；D. dropped掉下。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it.”提示他把瓶子掉地下了。故选D项。 19．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当他的母亲进来时，她没有对他大喊大叫或教训他，而是说:“罗伯特，你画了一幅多么伟大、多么精彩的画啊! A. in honor of为纪念；B. instead of代替……的是；C. in spite of尽管；D. in place of一种物质替代另一种物质。根据下文““Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’ ！”可知，她没有对他大喊大叫或教训他。故选B项。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很少见到这么一大滩牛奶。A. rarely少见；B. happily高兴地；C. frequently经常地；D. apparently明显地。根据前文“When his mother came in, instead of shouting at him or giving him a lecture”是说妈妈并没有责备他，而是给了一个巧妙的回应，说自己很少见到这么一大滩牛奶。故选A项。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你愿意玩一会然后再收拾干净吗？A. jump跳；B. play玩；C. enjoy喜欢；D. handle处理。根据前文“I have ____seen such a huge pool of milk”这里是说妈妈没有责备作者，并且允许他在这一大滩牛奶里面玩一会儿。故选B项。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈接着说:“你知道，我们现在做的是一个失败的实验，如何有效地用两只小手拿一个大牛奶瓶。”A. failed已失败的；B. successful成功的；C. fantastic不可思议的；D. painful痛苦的。根据前文“He had been trying to remove milk from the fridge when he dropped the slippery(光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor.”可知，他把奶瓶掉在地上，所以应该说是一次失败的经历。故选A项。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：咱们到院子里，把瓶子里装满水，看看你能不能做好。A. get (it)明白了；B. put (it)放；C. try( it)试试看；D. make (it)成功。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it”可知，这里是说妈妈让男孩试验如何做到拿稳大瓶子，看看小男孩是否能做到。故选D项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小男孩学会了如果他两只手抓住上边靠边的地方，他就可以抓住不掉了。A. controlled控制；B. analyzed分析；C. broke打破；D. held掌握，抓住。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it”可知，这里是说抓住不掉。故选D项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多么精彩的一节课啊! A. cure治愈；B. teaching教学；C. lesson课，教训；D. instruction命令，指示。根据前文“The little boy learned”可知，这里是说通过自己亲手做让孩子知道怎么做，这一课上得很精彩。故选C项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位科学家接着说，就是在那一刻，他知道他不需要害怕犯错误。A. concerned担心的；B. ready准备好的；C. athletic运动的；D. afraid害怕的。根据常识可知，科学研究就是要犯错误，大胆尝试，且这里是固定短语be afraid to do不敢做。故选D项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他认识到错误只是学习新东西的机会，这毕竟是科学实验的意义所在。A. situations局面；B. chances机会；C. times次数；D. turns转弯。根据常识以及“ learning something new”可知，这里是说错误只是学习新东西机会。故选B项。 28．考查介词查短语辨析。句意：相反，他认识到错误只是学习新东西的机会，这毕竟是科学实验的意义所在。A. after all毕竟，终究；B. above all最重要的是；C. first of all首先，第一；D. in all总共，合计。通过以上的经历，科学家的感受是：科学实验终究是试验一个又一个的错误。故选A项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使实验不成功，我们也可以学到有价值的东西。A. do做；B. finish完成；C. go去；D. work工作，起作用。根据下文“ we usually learn something ____from it.,”可知，这里是说即使实验不成功。故选D项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使实验不成功，我们也可以学到有价值的东西。A. lovable可爱的；B. severe严重的；C. valuable贵重的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文“ he knew he didn't need to be _____ to make mistakes.”可知，我们也能从错误中学到有价值的东西。故选C项。 （三） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Life is to be lived. No excuses. No holding back. A story about the violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once 31 a beautiful instrument he wanted to get. When he 32 raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a(n) 33 . He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to 34 him to sell the violin. However, the collector said it was one of his valuable possessions and he could not let it go. Kreisler felt 35 and turned to leave, but then asked a favour, “May I play the instrument once more 36 it is put away?” 37 was given and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in 38 . “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let people 39 it. ” For you and I are excellent violins—our 40 is meant to be heard. I want to live my 41 that way—to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather be 42 than die not having done whatever I could. I’m not talking about 43 ourselves by doing too much. Happiness is never found in excessive business. But it is found in applying our lives to helping others. Say yes when asked for a hand. 44 to work for a charity organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness is not about what I can or cannot do. It is about how much I 45 to others. My life is meant to be lived. 31．A．found out B．gave up C．took over D．came across 32．A．possibly B．recently C．finally D．seriously 33．A．collector B．musician C．performer D．inventor 34．A．expect B．persuade C．help D．force 35．A．angry B．disappointed C．helpless D．brave 36．A．so that B．unless C．as if D．before 37．A．Permission B．Judgment C．Award D．Money 38．A．pain B．amazement C．secret D．sorrow 39．A．discuss B．use C．know D．hear 40．A．story B．music C．message D．voice 41．A．word B．instrument C．life D．work 42．A．dressed up B．used up C．beaten up D．woken up 43．A．protecting B．controlling C．amusing D．exhausting 44．A．Volunteer B．Struggle C．Continue D．Wait 45．A．talk B．turn C．give D．adapt 【答案】 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小提琴家Fritz Kreisler为一位收藏家演奏小提琴的故事中，感悟到幸福存在于帮助他人之中，幸福与能做什么或不能做什么无关，而是和给予了别人多少有关。 31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一个关于小提琴家Fritz Kreisler的故事，讲述了他有一次是如何遇到一件他想要得到的漂亮乐器的。A. found out查明；B. gave up放弃；C. took over接管；D. came across偶遇。结合后文“a beautiful instrument he wanted to get”可知此处指小提琴家Fritz Kreisler偶然看到他钟爱的小提琴。故选D。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. possibly可能地；B. recently目前；C. finally终于；D. seriously严肃地。结合后文“raised the money for the violin, he returned to”可知Kreisler准备去买琴，说明终于凑足了钱。故选C。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. collector收藏家；B. musician音乐家；C. performer表演者；D. inventor发明者。根据后文“the collector said”可知是收藏家买了这把琴。故选A。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去了新主人的家，试图说服他卖掉这把小提琴。A. expect期望；B. persuade说服；C. help帮助；D. force迫使。根据后文“him to sell the violin”可推知是Kreisler试图说服买家把这把琴卖给自己。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. angry愤怒的；B. disappointed失望的；C. helpless无助的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上文“he could not let it go”可知卖家不肯卖，因此Kreisler感到很失望。故选B。 36．考查连词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. so that以便；B. unless除非；C. as if好像；D. before在……之前。根据前后文语境“May I play the instrument once more 　　6　　 it is put away?”可推知是在琴收起来之前，用它演奏一次，应用before。故选D。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：得到允许后，这位伟大的音乐家开始演奏。A. Permission允许；B. Judgment判断；C. Award奖；D. Money金钱。根据后文“the great musician began to play”可知收藏家允许Kreisler用小提琴演奏。故选A。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小提琴发出了美妙的音乐，连收藏家自己也听得惊叹不已。A. pain痛苦；B. amazement惊异；C. secret秘密；D. sorrow悲伤。根据上文“sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in”以及收藏家后来决定把琴送给Kreisler，可推知收藏家对小提琴发出的美妙音乐惊叹不已，in amazement惊讶地。故选B。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它带向世界上，让人们听到。A. discuss讨论；B. use使用；C. know知道；D. hear听见。结合后“is meant to be heard”可知是指让人们听到这美妙的音乐。故选D。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为你我都是优秀的小提琴手，我们的音乐是为了让别人听到。A. story故事；B. music音乐；C. message信息；D. voice声音。结合上文“sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful”可知，小提琴手演奏出的音乐就是为了让别人听到。故选B。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想要那样的生活——带着它走进世界，充实地生活。A. word话语；B. instrument仪器；C. life生活；D. work工作。根据下一段中“to take it into the world and live it fully”可知此处是在对生活的感悟，故选C。 42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿未竟而死。A. dressed up打扮；B. used up用完，耗尽；C. beaten up殴打；D. woken up醒来。结合后文“than die not having done whatever I could”可知此处想要表达的是，宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿还未做任何力所能及的事就死去。故选B。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是说要做太多事情来让自己筋疲力尽。A. protecting保护；B. controlling控制；C. amusing逗乐；D. exhausting使……筋疲力尽。根据后文“ourselves by doing too much”可知此处指做太多的事情让自己筋疲力尽。故选D。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：志愿为慈善组织工作。A. Volunteer志愿；B. Struggle挣扎；C. Continue继续；D. Wait等待。根据后文“to work for a charity organization”可知此处指为慈善组织做志愿工作。故选A。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是关于我给予了别人多少。A. talk谈话；B. turn转弯；C. give给予；D. adapt适应。根据上一段中“But it is found in applying our lives to helping others. Say yes when asked for a hand.”可知作者认为幸福在于帮助他人，给予别人力所能及的帮助。故选C。 （四） 阅读理解 （23-24高二上·浙江·单元测试）Gordon Brown was born in Scotland in 1951. His childhood was a brilliant success because of his intellectual strength. He was accepted into middle school at 10. At 16 he became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh. “At that time, he was a lucky boy, good at almost everything,” said his old friend Murray Elder. However, setbacks (挫折) fell on the brilliant boy. After a rugby injury, he became blind in his left eye. Before long, similar symptoms (症状) developed in his right eye. “I lay in the hospital bed in total darkness, uncertain about my future,” said Brown. Looking back on the past, Brown didn’t complain about his bad luck. He even said, “One door closes; you can’t play rugby any more, so you focus on other things.” Brown was interested in student politics in university, which helped a lot in his political career later in life. In 1997, Brown was made Chancellor of the Exchequer (财政大臣). He has succeeded in giving the country a high rate of employment and the longest period of economic growth in its history. Compared with his successful career, Brown’s family life is full of downs. He lost his first daughter ten days after her birth. His one-year-old youngest son has a deadly disease. “These accidents make me appreciate my life more,” he said. 46．Gordon Brown was successful in his childhood because he . A．was very intelligent B．went to middle school at ten C．played rugby very well D．became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh 47．When Gordon Brown looked back on the past, he . A．still had hope for the future B．wished that he had not played rugby C．believed that his door was closed D．felt very sad about his misfortune 48．Which of the following is TRUE about Gordon Brown? A．He didn’t like politics at university. B．He became Chancellor of the Exchequer at 48. C．He did a good job to improve the national economy. D．He didn’t do well for the country’s employment rate. 【答案】46．A 47．A 48．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gordon Brown虽然遭遇坎坷与不幸，但他仍然积极乐观，最终走上政坛，为国家的经济做出贡献的故事。 46．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“His childhood was a brilliant success because of his intellectual strength.(由于他的智力，他的童年是辉煌的成功。)”可知，Gordon Brown童年很成功是由于他非常聪明。故选A。 47．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““One door closes; you can’t play rugby any more, so you focus on other things.”(“一扇门关上了；你不能再打橄榄球了，所以你要专注于其他事情。”)”可知，他仍然对自己的未来充满了信心。故选A。 48．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“He has succeeded in giving the country a high rate of employment and the longest period of economic growth in its history.(他成功地给国家带来了高就业率和历史上最长的经济增长期。)”可知，他在改善国民经济方面做得很好。故选C。 （五） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Colourful felt (毛毡) flowers have been “planted” at different street corners throughout Guangzhou by young local sculptor Luo Shengtian. Starting as a graduation project in April, his efforts have now become a group activity in both China and Europe. Luo said he always wanted to repair the city’s “scars”， such as damaged walls or stone stairs by art. Luo mentioned that these colourful felt plants are like a “beautiful warning” to people as they walk by, reminding them to be aware of these damaged street corners. Within one month, Luo “planted” more than 20 flowers in his community. These flowers attracted more than 300 volunteers to join a WeChat group to spread the repair tasks to other places such as Beijing and Fuzhou. “The meaning of the project is to bring art into people’s everyday lives. Sculptures or other works of fine arts are no longer just an idea in the air，” Luo noted. Following the increase of volunteers, it even spread to European cities such as Venice, and Paris. Luo shared an interesting story in Venice, where one of his fans “planted” a felt flower to see how people would respond to the project. The flower was picked up by someone only a day after it appeared in public, but later three new ones were “planted” by a mysterious person overnight. “I was touched by that. Such an artistic focus on our living environment seems to be shared by global creators，” Luo said. Luo is not the only young creator in the city to focus on creatively renewing people’s everyday experiences. More similar projects have been launched, showing younger generations’ care and social responsibility. 49．Why does Luo Shengtian “plant” felt flowers in Guangzhou? A．To protect the flowers. B．To fix broken walls. C．To start a group activity. D．To warn people in streets. 50．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Luo created 300 volunteer groups. B．Luo “planted” 20 flowers in Beijing. C．The project’s influence spread abroad. D．The project made art appear in the air. 51．What is the purpose of the story in Venice in Paragraph 4? A．To show the art works’ acceptance in Italy. B．To praise a kind stranger who spread the idea. C．To test if people value their living environment. D．To state the flowers have been widely “planted”． 52．What’s the best title of this text? A．Felt Flowers Beautify Old Cities B．Luo Shengtian, a Gifted Sculptor C．A Beautiful Warning from Flowers D．A Project Famous in European Countries 【答案】49．B 50．C 51．A 52．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了当地年轻雕塑家罗盛天在广州的各个街角“种植”了五颜六色的毛毡花。文章解释了他这么做背后的原因以及这一项目的影响力。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Luo said he always wanted to repair the city’s “scars”, such as damaged walls or stone stairs by art. (罗说，他一直想用艺术修复这座城市的“伤疤”，比如损坏的墙壁或石阶。)”可知，毛毡花是为了修补破损的墙壁。故选B。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段“Following the increase of volunteers, it even spread to European cities such as Venice, and Paris. (随着志愿者的增加，还扩散到了威尼斯、巴黎等欧洲城市。)”可知，项目的影响力扩散到国外。故选C。 51．推理判断题。根据第四段“Luo shared an interesting story in Venice, where one of his fans “planted” a felt flower to see how people would respond to the project. The flower was picked up by someone only a day after it appeared in public, but later three new ones were “planted” by a mysterious person overnight. “I was touched by that. Such an artistic focus on our living environment seems to be shared by global creators,” Luo said. (罗分享了发生在威尼斯的一个有趣故事，他的一个粉丝在那里“种”了一种花，看看人们对这个项目会有什么反应。这朵花出现在公众面前仅仅一天就被人摘走了，但后来一个神秘的人一夜之间又“种”了三朵新的花。“我被感动了。全球创作者似乎都有这种对我们生活环境的艺术关注。”)”推知，第四段威尼斯故事的目的是展示艺术作品在意大利的接受度。故选A。 52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Colourful felt (毛毡) flowers have been “planted” at different street corners throughout Guangzhou by young local sculptor (雕塑家) Luo Shengtian. Starting as a graduation project in April, his efforts have now become a group activity in both China and Europe. (当地年轻雕塑家罗盛天在广州的各个街角“种植”了五颜六色的毛毡花。从今年4月的毕业设计开始，他的努力现在已经成为中国和欧洲的集体活动。)”结合文章还解释了他这么做背后的原因以及这一项目的影响力。可知，A选项“毛毡花美化古城”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （六） （2019·山东聊城·一模）The year 2019 began with two pieces of exciting space exploration news. On Jan. 3, China landed a spacecraft, Change-4, on the moons far side—the side we can’t see from Earth—for the first time in human history. And according to a report published on Jan. 9 in Nature, scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1.5 billion light years away, possibly sent by intelligent aliens. However, what’s even more exciting than the news is the fact that whenever speaking of space exploration, we forget our political and cultural differences—the things that so obsess us. “When you go into space, you become part of this overall collective called ‘Humanity’,” Ken Liu, Chinese American sci-fi writer and translator, told Quartz website. “You’re no longer Chinese, American, Russian... Your culture is left behind. You’re now just Humanity with a capital ‘H’.” This magic has worked all the way along our journey into space. When US astronaut Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) became the first human to set foot on the moon in 1969, for example, he told the world: “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Now, with Change-4 touching down on new moon territory, China’s aim is to help scientists from around the world find out more about Earths only satellite. And with the discovery of the CHIME astronauts, we’re one step closer to answering a common question in science: “Are humans alone in the universe?” It’s true that we are a curious species. But instead of being curious about the “unknown”, perhaps were really more eager to “push further” our own human “boundaries” and “limits”. 53．Which of the following is the discovery of the CHIME scientists? A．A galaxy with intelligent aliens. B．Repeated radio signals sent by intelligent aliens. C．Repeated radio signals from a distant galaxy. D．Radio signals from a galaxy several years ago. 54．Why does the author quote Ken Lius words? A．To introduce the famous writer, Ken Liu. B．To show that in space we are just humanity. C．To emphasize that culture is not important. D．To introduce the things that obsess us very much. 55．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4? A．Further confirm his opinion. B．Add some background information. C．Summarize the previous paragraphs. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. 56．What’s the main idea of the text? A．China takes the lead in space exploration. B．Humans are not alone in the universe. C．Space exploration is a common cause of mankind. D．Humans desire to push the boundaries of scientific limits. 【答案】53．C 54．B 55．A 56．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业，这里没有政治、国家的边界，只有人类这一概念。 53．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“And according to a report published on Jan. 9 in Nature, scientists from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detected repeated radio signals from a galaxy 1.5 billion light years away, possibly sent by intelligent aliens. ( 根据1月9日发表在《自然》杂志上的一份报告，来自加拿大氢强度测绘实验(CHIME)的科学家们探测到来自15亿光年外星系的重复无线电信号，可能是由智能外星人发送的。)”可知，加拿大氢强度测绘实验(CHIME)的科学家们发现了来自遥远星系的重复无线电信号。故选C。 54．推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“When you go into space, you become part of this overall collective (集体) called ‘humanity, Ken Liu, Chinese﹣American sci﹣fi writer and translator, told Quartz website. “You′re no longer Chinese, American, Russian …Your culture is left behind. You’re now just ‘humanity’ with a capital ‘H’. ( 美籍华裔科幻作家兼翻译刘宇昆在接受Quartz网站采访时表示：“当你进入太空时，你就成为了‘人类’这个整体的一部分。”“你不再是中国人、美国人、俄罗斯人……你的文化被抛在后面。你现在只是‘人类’的大写字母‘H’。”) ”可知，刘宇昆说，当人们进入太空时，就没有了国籍，只是人类，因此推断作者引用他的话是为了表明在太空中我们只是人类。故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“This magic has worked all the way along our journey into space. (这种魔力一直在我们的太空之旅中发挥作用。)”和最后一句“And with the discovery of the CHIME astronomers, we’re one step closer to answering a common question in science: “Are humans alone in the universe?” (随着CHIME天文学家的发现，我们离回答科学中的一个常见问题又近了一步：“人类在宇宙中是孤独的吗?”)”以及中间部分举例可知,在本段作者讲述进一步通过举例证实他的观点——人类在宇宙中只是人类，没有国籍。故选A。 56．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“It’s true that we are a curious species. But instead of being curious about the “unknown”, perhaps were really more eager to “push further” our own human “boundaries” and “limits”. (的确，我们是一个好奇的物种。但是，代替对“未知”感到好奇，也许我们真的更渴望“进一步推动”我们人类的“界限”和“极限”。)”可知，本文主要讲述太空探索是人类共同的事业，这里没有政治、国家的边界，只有人类这一概念。故选C。 （七） （23-24高三上·山东·阶段练习）Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals’ activity dropped right down.” On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions ( 离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 57．How did scientists conduct the study? A．By comparing different animals’ habits. B．By observing animals in high mountains. C．By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. D．By analyzing images of animals they obtained. 58．What can be inferred from animal activity before earthquakes? A．The ground at a lower altitude is less ionized. B．Cameras normally record more animals per day. C．Earthquake warnings can be detected in lower places. D．The activity of animals and earthquakes is consistent. 59．What can we learn from the text? A．The findings make for accurate seismic forecast. B．Animals tend to be uneasy with more positive ions. C．Positive ions make humans and animals depressed. D．All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 60．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions. B．Ions’ Destruction to the Environment. C．Animals’ Behavior Before Earthquakes. D．Creatures’ Ability to Predict Earthquakes. 【答案】57．D 58．A 59．B 60．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。 57．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. (在平常的一天，放置在Yanachaga国家公园周围的摄像机记录了5到15只动物。但在地震前的23天，动物的数量下降到每天5只或更少。在地震前的七天中，有五天根本没有拍摄到任何动物)”可知，在地震前后摄像机捕捉到的动物的图像的数量是有所变化的。由此可知，科学家通过分析他们获得的动物图像进行这项研究的。故选D。 58．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。他们被认为逃到了较低的地面，那里的空气电离程度较低。)”可知，从地震前的动物活动中可以推断出海拔较低的地面电离程度较低。故选A。 59．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到动物往往对较多的正离子感到不安。故选B。 60．主旨大意题。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。文章第一段讲到“Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown.(动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电力来预测地震—这是第一项发现这种现象可靠证据的研究。)”可知，C项“地震前动物的行为”适合这篇文章的标题。故选C。 （八） （21-22高一下·全国·单元测试）So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person. Fortunately, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you prefer typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. 61 A new study found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email. 62 In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other. 63 “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone than email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement. In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication—whether video or audio only—made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text. Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, 64 Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. 65 .“Each party is present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.” A．if they want to get connected with someone far away. B．According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting. C．Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. D．as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “express information exactly without unexpected interruptions by the other person.” E．As far as some people are concerned, making a call can save us more time than texting. F．In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness. G．“A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message,” she explains. 【答案】61．B 62．F 63．C 64．D 65．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了科研人员研究发现，打电话或视频等有声音的联系比文字更能让社交有效，无论老朋友还是陌生人。 61．前文“So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person. Fortunately, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you prefer typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. (很多事情都可以阻止你亲眼见到你所爱的人。幸运的是，我们错过的人通常只有一个电话或短信离开。但如果你更喜欢打信息而不是口头信息，你可能想要重新考虑。)”指出生活中有许多事情阻止我们见到我们所爱的人们。但是现代科技解决了那些问题，并强调有声交流的效果更好。B项“科学研究表明，如果你想和你与之交谈的人们保持亲近感，你应该给他们打电话，而不是发送文字消息。” 符合语境，内容契合上文，使用研究结果强调有声交流的益处，并引出下文内容的介绍。故选B项。 62．下文“In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone .And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other. (在其中一项中，他们让200人对通过电子邮件或电话与老朋友重新建立联系的感觉做出预测，然后随机安排人做其中一项或另一项。)”可知，下文讲述了其中一项实验，因此推断空处应是说明不止一项实验，F项“在这项研究中，研究人员使用了各种实验来测量连通性。”符合语境，选项中的the study指代前一段提到的“A new study”。故选F。 63．上文“In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other.(在其中一项中，他们让200人对通过电子邮件或电话与老朋友重新建立联系的感觉做出预测，然后随机安排人做其中一项或另一项。)”可知，研究人员要求200人预测通过Email和打电话与老朋友取得联系，之后让他们去随机用其中一种去验证。C项“尽管人们认为打电话会更尴尬，但听到别人的声音实际上会让体验更好。”符合语境，表明实验结果，虽然人们预期打电话可能会打扰到对方，但听到对方声音真是一种更好的体验。契合上文，符合开头的实验结论。故选C项。 64．前文“Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience (哈佛大学临床心理学家萨布丽娜·罗曼诺夫(Sabrina Romanoff)说，人们倾向于发短信或发电子邮件，而不是打电话，因为方便)”阐述了人们倾向于发短信或者发邮件的理由是方便，下文“Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. (罗曼诺夫说，实际上，发短信会让人很难确定谈话背后的真正含义。)”讲述罗曼诺夫又介绍了发短信的缺点，因此前后文是转折关系，空处与前文意思一致，说明喜欢发短信的原由，D项“因为他们认为这是一种可控的交流方式，他们可以‘准确地表达信息，而不会被对方意想不到的打断。’”符合语境，承接上文，与前文convenience是因果关系，故选D。 65．前文“Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. (罗曼诺夫说，实际上，发短信会让人很难确定谈话背后的真正含义。)”讲述在现实生活中，发短信会让人很难判断谈话背后的真实意思，说明发送文字消息的弊端，下文““Each party is present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.” (“每一方都在场，因此能够理解内容背后的含义，而不必反复思考单词和标点符号背后无尽的可能含义。”)”介绍了打电话的优点。因此推断G项“她解释说：‘考虑到信息的净影响，实际上打电话更方便。’”承上启下，对比说明通电话和短消息相比的优点。故选G项。 （八） 语法填空 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）语法填空 Zu Chongzhi was a famous and remarkable mathematician and scientist in ancient China. He lived in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. When he was young, he had 66 broad range of interests, such as 67 (nature) science and philosophy. And he was interested in mathematics, astronomy and machinery. The achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation (计算) of the value of pi has been 68 (international) acknowledged. Liu Hui, a mathematician in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, proposed a way 69 (work) out the value of pi—the cyclotomic method (割圆术). Based on the earlier research, Zu Chongzhi came to the conclusion that the value of pi falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927 after more than 1,000 70 (time) of calculation. He also 71 (put) forward the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi is 355/113, which is called “milü”. It boosted the calculation of pi to a new phase. It was more than 1,000 years before the Western mathematicians calculated the same value. Thus the value of pi is also called “zulü” 72 memory of him. Besides the achievement in mathematics, he wrote the book Zhui Shu, 73 gathered his accomplishments in mathematics and 74 (take) as a teaching material during the Tang Dynasty. And he also made a great 75 (contribute) to astronomy and machinery. 【答案】 66．a 67．natural 68．internationally 69．to work 70．times 71．put 72．in 73．which 74．was taken 75．contribution 【导语】这是一篇人物介绍。文章主要介绍了祖冲之精确了圆周率，其成就得到了国际认可。并在数学、天文、机械方面有所造诣。 66．考查冠词。句意：他年轻时，兴趣广泛，如自然科学和哲学。a range of表示“各种各样的……”，符合句意，故填a。 67．考查形容词。句意：他年轻时，兴趣广泛，如自然科学和哲学。根据science可知此处要加形容词作定语，nature的形容词是natural。故填natural。 68．考查副词。句意：祖冲之在计算圆周率（π）方面的成就已经得到了国际认可。设空处修饰has been acknowledged，应用副词作状语，故填internationally。 69．考查动词不定式。句意：魏晋时期的数学家刘徽提出了一种计算圆周率的方法——割圆术。way意为“方法”时后用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to work。 70．考查名词复数。句意：祖冲之在前人研究的基础上，经过1000多次计算，得出圆周率在3.1415926到3.1415927之间的结论。此处的time意为“次”，是可数名词，由“more than 1,000”可知应用复数形式。故填times。 71．考查时态。句意：他还提出了π的近似值为355/113的观点，这被称为“密率”。这里描述的是过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时。put的过去式为put，故填put。 72．考查介词。句意：因此，为了纪念他，圆周率也被称为“祖率”。in memory of意为“为纪念……”。故填in。 73．考查定语从句。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他还写了《缀术》这本书，该书汇集了他在数学方面的成就，并在唐朝被作为教材。逗号前主谓宾结构完整，空后是动词gathered，且由语境可知动词gathered的主语即空前的名词Zhui Shu，所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物，故填which。 74．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他还写了《缀术》这本书，该书汇集了他在数学方面的成就，并在唐朝被作为教材。分析句子可知，在which引导的定语从句中，and连接两个并列的谓语（即设空处与前面的gathered），关系词which指代先行词Zhui Shu在从句中作主语，和动词take是被动关系，结合during the Tang Dynasty可知句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was taken。 75．考查名词。句意：并且他也对天文学和机械学做出了巨大的贡献。make a great contribution to意为“对……做出巨大贡献”，故填contribution。 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Write a description of someone you admire 本单元的写作任务是“介绍你钦佩的人”，属于记叙文的写作范畴。写作时要围绕人物组织材料，通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、性格特点、教育背景、工作经历、专业、爱好、主要事迹等。请选择一篇你感兴趣的人物阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络作为素材辅助写作！ Task 2 22-23高三上·重庆·阶段练习）现你校英语报组织征文比赛，请以“我心中最伟大的科学家”为题，写一篇短文参赛。内容包括： 1.人物简介； 2.人物事迹； 3.人物精神。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 The Greatest Scientist in My Heart __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Greatest Scientist in My Heart Madame Curie was a world famous woman scientist, who was born in a teacher’s family in Poland in 1867 and died in 1934. From her early childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a great scientist. She finished middle school at the age of 16. At 24 she left for Paris and entered Paris University. In Paris she lived a very simple life and studied very hard. Madame Curie devoted her whole life to the study of science. She won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911. It is not easy for a woman to succeed in her work. It is even more difficult for a woman to win the Nobel Prize twice in her life. So Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生以“我心中最伟大的科学家”为题，写一篇短文，参加校英语报组织的征文比赛，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.人物事迹；3.人物精神。 【详解】1.词汇积累 希望：hope→wish 困难的：difficult→hard 动身去：leave for→be off to 过着……的生活：live a...life→lead a...life 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In Paris she lived a very simple life and studied very hard. 拓展句：When she was in Paris, she lived a very simple life and studied very hard. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Madame Curie was a world famous woman scientist, who was born in a teacher’s family in Poland in 1867 and died in 1934. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] It is not easy for a woman to succeed in her work. (运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语) ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$