非限制性定语从句 导学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

非限制定语从句 必要知识拓展 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。 限制定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 作用 形式 关系代词/副词 例句 限制性 定语从句 是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思不明确 紧跟于先行词后，无逗号 that/who/whom/which/ whose/as when/where/why She is the girl who wanted to see you. 非限制性 定语从句 既可修饰先行词，也可修饰一个句子，是对先行词/句子的附加说明，去掉不会影响主句意思 用逗号与其修饰的句子/名词或代词隔开 不可用that引导，其他的关系代词和关系副词都可以使用且不可省略 Hangzhou , I visited last week, is a beautiful city. Part 2要点回顾 1.when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。 2.where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position，activity, platform, job, family, race, environment, atmosphere等。 3.区别which和that (1)先行词是物, 关系代词用that，不用which的情况 ①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none等或当先行词被no, some, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。 To get the job started, all I need is your permission. He answered few questions were asked by the reporters. ②当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。 That’s the only thing we can do now . / This is the very pen I am looking for. ③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This was one of the most interesting books were sold in this book store. ④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。 I’m going to talk about the countries and people I have visited. ⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。 Which is the T-shirt fits me most? (2)先行词是物, 关系用which，不用that的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中 Football, is an interesting game, is played all over the world. ②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。 This is the room my father lived last year. = This is the room my father lived in last year. Part 3 关系代词和关系副词易错点 1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。 Hangzhou is a beautiful city I always want to visit.杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。 Hangzhou , I visited last week, is a beautiful city.杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。 2.whose+n.= the+n +of which =of which+the+n. 【注意】名词之前必须有the。 I live in the room window /the window of / which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。 3.介词＋关系代词”(相当于关系副词) 引导的定语从句 A.在这种结构中，若先行词指人，关系代词用whom不能用who；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which不能用that。 B.关系代词前介词的选择。 (1)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词通常是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。 I can’t remember the age at he won the prize.(at the age） (2)根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 The documents for they were looking have been recovered. (3)根据定语从句中主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 He referred me to some reference books with I am not very familiar.（be familiar with） (4)根据句子所表达的意思来确定介词 The colorless liquid ________ ___________we cannot live is called water. C. 介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book which/that you asked for. 注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 look for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of等。 · 我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。 【正】My youngest sister, whom I have to look after, is very lovely. 【误】My youngest sister, after whom I have to look, is very lovely. 4. The way 做先行词 ①先行词the way在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意不用how, how不能引导定语从句。） ②先行词the way充当主语、宾语 关系词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。1. Women don’t think in the same way ___________ men do. 2. I think highly of the way in ___________you remember English words. 5. the same…as…和the same…that… ①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性） ②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性） I have bought the same watch you have. 我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个） This is the same watch I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个） 6. so/such….. that与such…..as so/such….. that 用于引导结果状语从句It was such cold that there was nobody on the street. such….as 用于引导定语从句I’ve never heard such stories as he told. 区别：引导词在从句中不充当成分， 则该从句为状语从句，引导词词用that 引导词在从句中充当成分， 则该从句为定语从句，关系词用as as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。 2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。 3. 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词； 4. which和as用法区别： ①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后； ②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”； ③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。 As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首） Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中） She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末） As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 He sold his new car, which made me surprised. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。 【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 7. He failed in the driving test again, _________surprised us all. 8. He failed in the driving test again, _________we had expected. 9. _________ is often the case with Jim, he was fined for speeding. 10. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. Part 4 能力提升 （一）分割式定语从句 定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English. The scientist has made another discovery, which , of course, is of great importance. （二）易混从句对比 1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday? (the one作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the one) Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday? (that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略) 2.The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词whom) The old man has three sons, _____________one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词them) 3.The news (that/ which) he told us is true.(定语从句，引导词用that和which都可) The news that our team won the game is true. (同位语从句，引导词只用that，不用which) 4.The doctor did all (that) he could to save the boy. （有先行词all，that引导定语从句） The doctor did what he could to save the boy. (没有先行词，what引导宾语从句) 5.As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer. (as引导非限制性定语从句) It is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语) What is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (what引导主语从句) 6.You should leave things at the place where you can find them again easily. (有先行词，where引导定语从句, 也可用at which) You should leave things where you can find them again easily. (没有先行词，where引导地点状语从句，不可用at which) 7.It was in this place that he was born. (强调句) This is the place where he was born. (定语从句) It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together. (where引导定语从句，that构成强调句) 8.He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like. (as引导定语从句) He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that we all like him. （that引导结果状语从句） 9.This is the first time (that) I have come to Beijing. (time表“次数”，从句引导词用that，也可省略) There was a time when I didn’t like English. (time表“时间”，定语从句引导词用when) 10.The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is that he was ill. (why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句) （三）定语从句中的主谓一致: 关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。 注意：当先行词为“one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式； 当先行词为“the (only/very)one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is a good student who to help others.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。 They are good students who to help others.他们是乐于助人的好学生。 He is one of the students who praised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。 He is the one/ the only one of the students who praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。 分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 要点精讲： 1.先行词与定语从句被谓语动词或介词短语分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句; 2.定语从句与强调句型相结合构成“It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that…”句式。 3.定语从句与同位语从句区别：前者起限制作用，后者起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略。 Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的场合很罕见。（分割性定语从句） It is in the factory which you are visiting that this kind of computer is made. 这种电脑是在你们正在参观的工厂里生产出来的。（强调句型和定语从句混合考查） The news that our team won the game made us excited. 我们队获胜的消息令我们很激动。（that引导同位语从句，且that不作句子成分） The news that he told us just now made us very excited. 他刚才告诉我们的消息令我们很激动。（that引导定语从句，且that不作从句的宾语） 【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. The village has developed a lot __________ we learned farming two years ago. 2. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue. 3. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages. 4. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages. 5. A new school will be built in _________was a wasteland a few years ago. 二）定语从句易混对比十组 Group 1 1. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ is far away from here. 2. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ lost his parents when he was a baby. Group 2 3. The house ___________ window faces south is for the doctor. 4. The house ___________ faces south is for the doctor. Group 3 5. ___________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. 6. ___________ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources. Group 4 7. ___________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 8. ___________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights. Group 5 9. We’re just trying to reach a point ___________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 10. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow. Group 6 11. He wrote a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident. 12. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident. Group 7 13.I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her. 14.I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific. Group 8 15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. 16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. Group 9 17. The teacher didn’t know the reason ___________she was absent yesterday? 18. The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ___________ she explained yesterday? Group 10 19. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit. 20. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit it. 用正确的关系词填空 1. —— Do you have anything to say for yourselves? —— Yes, there’s one point _______ we must insist on. 2. In an hour, we can travel to places _________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. 3. ——Why does she always ask you for help? —— There is no one else _________________.（turn to sb.） 4. We went to see our teacher _________ husband lost his life in the earthquake. 5. The tree _________ I thought was dying is sending out new leaves! 6. I am very thankful to my parents _________ have always encouraged me to play the piano. 7. He is the only one of those workers _________ was able to do this job. 8. Yesterday I ran into a friend _________ I haven’t seen for many years. 9. He lost his heart to a pretty girl _________ turned out to be the daughter of his enemy. 10. That was the same hospital _________ I left ten minutes ago. 11. The boss, in _________ company my sister works, is kind to his workers. 12. We like the way _________ he treat others. 13. The girl with _________ we talked is good at English. 14. The way _________ he came up with is practical. Keys： 1. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ is far away from here. 2. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ lost his parents when he was a baby. 1. which 考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hainan Province，指物，作主语，故填which。 2. who 考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The orphan，指人，作主语，故填who。 Group 2 3. The house ___________ window faces south is for the doctor. 4. The house ___________ faces south is for the doctor. 3. whose 考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作定语。故填whose。 4. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。 Group 3 5. ___________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. 6. ___________ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources. 5. It 考查主语从句的用法。It is well-known that…是固定句型，It作形式主语。故填It。 6. What 考查定语从句关系词用法。___________ is well-known to us all是主语从句，又缺少主语和连接词，故填What。 Group 4 7. ___________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 8. ___________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights. 7. Anyone 考查定语从句用法。Anyone who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用单数形式。故填Anyone。 8. Those 考查定语从句用法。Those who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填Those。 Group 5 9. We’re just trying to reach a point ___________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 10. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow. 9. where 考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语，不缺少宾语，因此先行词a point作抽象的地点状语。故填where。 10. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词one point 在从句充当宾语，make…clear…把……弄清楚。故填that/which。 Group 6 11. He wrote a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident. 12. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident. 11. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句缺少主语，指物，故用that/which。 12. where 考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语和宾语，因此这里表示“在这封信中”，表示地点概念，故填where。 Group 7 13.I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her. 14.I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific. 13. that 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ you speak to her充当方式状语，可以填that或in which或省略that。 14. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ isn’t scientific中作主语，指物，故填that/which。 Group 8 15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. 16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. 15. which 考查定语从句关系词用法。逗号是关键，理解为定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指物，作宾语，故填which。 16. them 考查定语从句关系词用法。分号相当于and，因此前后应理解为并列句，故填them。 Group 9 17. The teacher didn’t know the reason ___________she was absent yesterday? 18. The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ___________ she explained yesterday? 17. why 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reason在定语从句充当原因状语，故填why。 18. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reason在定语从句充当宾语，explained是及物动词，缺少宾语。故填why。 Group 10 19. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit. 20. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit it. 19. as 考查定语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…as…引导的限制性定语从句，as充当从句的主语或宾语。故应用as。 20. that 考查状语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…that…引导的结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分，that只起连接作用。故应用that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$