Unit 1 People of Achievement Word Study 单元重点词汇知识导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

姓名： 班级： 选必1 Unit1 Word Study 一、Deformation 1. academy - adj.学业的；学术的 n.大学教师 2. distinct - n.区别；差别；特征；特性 3. analyse - n.分析 （pl. ) 4. conclude - n.结论；推论 5. novel - n.小说家 6. politics - n.从政者；政治家；政客 7. passion - adj.热情的;热爱的 8. institute - n.社会公共机构; 制度; 习俗; 团体 9. consequence - adj.随之发生的; 作为结果的 10. evaluate - n.评估 2、 Key Words 1.vital adj.必不可少的，极其重要的，充满生机的 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. ❈be vital to sth. /for (doing) sth. 这些措施对国家安全至关重要。 Skillful employees are vital for the success of any company.熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。 ❈ It is vital that…(should) do… It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self-employed.你独自经营时要准确记录账目,这十分重要。 ✸ adv. 至关重要的; 极其; 绝对 Education is vitally important for the country's future. 教育对国家的未来是极其重要的。 2. commit vt.承诺；保证 ❈ 承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等） Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflicts peacefully. ❈ commit oneself to (doing) sth. 答应/致力于/献身于做某事 他把他的一生都献给了服务人民这项事业中。 vt.犯（罪/错） commit murder / a crime / a mistake vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作，活动等） ❈ commit to sb./sth. 忠于; 全心全意投入; 移交; 对…作出承诺 你不用在电话里承诺什么。 ✸ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 ❈ 献身于；忠诚于 China is committed to peace, development and cooperation in international affairs. ✸ n. 保证; 承诺; 献身; 投入 3.distinct adj. 清晰的，清楚的，有区别的 ❈ 与……截然不同 The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other. ✸ adv. 清楚地，明显地 ✸ n.差别;特性;特质;杰出;殊荣 ❈ 区分开来; 区别对待 区分这个词的各种意思有些困难。 ❈ make no distinction 不加区分；视为一体 4.obtain v. 获得; (尤指经努力)赢得; 存在(=exist); 流行 They then tried boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria but this did not work either. These conditions no longer obtain in the countryside. 【注意】obtain, gain, get, achieve, attain的用法区别 ① obtain多指凭努力得到急需或很想得到的东西 Many people eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained the driver's license. ② gain多指付出极大努力后，获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西 They gained the victory after a bloody battle. 浴血奋战后，他们赢得了胜利。 ③ get用途最广，可指以各种方式获得各种东西 Where can I get enough information?我能从哪儿得到足够的信息？ ④ achieve多指克服困难后取得胜利，成功，强调得到这一结果。 He achieved his ambition in the end. 他最终实现了他的抱负。 5. acknowledge vt. 承认（比admit更正式）; 对…打招呼；感谢 ❈ acknowledge n./pron./that… 承认…… ❈ 承认做(了)某事 This sunday the team leader delivered a speech and acknowledged having been defeated. ❈ acknowledged sb./sth. as… / to be… 承认某人/某事为… 他被认为是最伟大的画家之一。 ❈ It is acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为…… ✸ acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；谢礼 ❈ 作为对……的感谢 这些花聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。 ✸ unacknowledged adj.未得到公开(或正式)承认的;非正式的 This tradition goes totally unacknowledged in official guidebooks. 6.insist vt.&vi. 坚持；坚决要求 ❈ 坚持（做）某事 She insisted on going to the cinema alone. He did not insist upon that point. ❈ insist + (that) … 强烈要求/坚持…… I insist that I should be sent to the countryside to work. insist that意为“强烈要求/坚持…”时，从句用虚拟语气 ( )，其中 可以省略。 vt.&vi. 坚持说/认为…… ❈ 坚持某事；强调 We insist on the highest standards at all times. ❈ insist + (that) 从句 坚持说/认为…… He insisted that he was right. insist that意为“强烈要求/坚持……”时，从句内容表示一个事实，从句谓语按 选择时态。 7.conclude vt. 推断出; 得出结论; 结束; 终止 ❈ 以…结束… He concluded his class with a funny story. ❈ 从…中得出… We can conclude from the results that the experiment was a failure. ❈ 最后 To conclude, I wish you a happy new year. ✸ conclusion n.结论；推论；结束；结尾[sing.][正式用语] ❈ 得出结论 It is important to draw a conclusion from the facts. ❈ 下结论 Don't hurry to make a conclusion before seeing the whole of it. ❈ 最后；总之 In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise. 8.circumstance n. [C] ❆［常用复数］情况；情形 Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. ❆［复数］［正式用语］境况；状况（尤指经济状况） financial/social/personal circumstances 经济状况/社会情况/个人情况 ❈ 在……情况下 It’s an experimental model, so don’t touch it under any circumstances. ❈ 决不；无论如何都不 Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people. 辨析：circumstance, environment（都含有“环境”“状况”之意） ① circumstance 指情况,情形;(the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.)，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指境况,状况;(尤指经济状况)(how much money sb has) We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances. ②environment 指生活环境,周围状况(the conditions of the place where you are)，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和 The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment. 9.construction n. 建造；建筑；建筑物 ❈ 正在建设中; 在施工中 The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei- a famous Chinese-American architect. ✸ construct vt.建筑；建造；创建；组成 ❈ 由…建成/构成 The tanks were mainly constructed of steel plates. ✸ constructive adj.建设性的有助益的，积极的 ✸ constructor n.建筑者，制造者 10.found v. 创立创办 ❈注意find和found的过去式，过去分词和现在分词的形式 find - found - found - finding found - founded - founded - founding 【注意】found, set up, put up和build的用法区别 found 意为创立; 创办; 指创立一个组织机构，国家等 put up和set up含义很多，在表示搭起；竖起；挂起及建筑物建起时可通用，但put up侧重指临时性的房屋的修建，set up表示建立成立某机构或团体时，不与put up互换 build表示建筑；建造；指施工建造，如房屋，桥梁，道路等具体的建筑物的修建 11.consequence n. [C] 结果；后果 ❈ = 结果;因此 She was over the age limit and, as a/in consequence, her application was rejected. ❈ = 作为…的结果 My father coughs frequently as a consequence of / in consequence of smoking. ❈take/suffer/face the consequences ( sth.) 承担/遭受/面临某事的后果 If one does not conform to the law, one must take the consequences. [U][正式用语] 重要（性）；重大 ❈ 不重要的；无足轻重的 Don’t worry. It’s of little consequence. ✸ consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的 ✸ consequently adv.结果; 因此 12.sum n.[C] [常用单数] 总数；总和；全部 ❈ …的总和 The sum of two and two is four. ❈ 大体上;总之 In sum, he is a man of high principle. 算术 ❈do/ sums/a sum 计算; 做算术题 do a sum in one’s head 金额；款项 ❈ 大量/少量 He was left a large sum of money. v. 总结概括 ❈ 总结; 概括; 合计 His speech summed up the present situation of economy. To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. ✸ summary adj.概括的；扼要的 n. [C] 总结；摘要；概要 ❈in summary 总之 ✸ summarize/se vi.&vt.总结；概括；概述 3、 Key Phrases 1.take up ① (开始)从事；担任：He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport. ② 开始处理：He will be able to take up his normal routine shortly. ③ 接受;答应(提议或挑战)：It is wise of her to take up the job. ④ 占用;花费(时间、空间或精力)：I won't take up any more of your time. ⑤ 占领;占据;占有(位置、阵地)：Past such as wind, take up all my thoughts. 2. Other phrases 1　 对……至关重要 2　 承诺; 答应; 致力于 3　 忠于; 全心全意投入 4　 献身于；忠诚于 5　 与……截然不同 6　 区分开来；区别对待 7　 承认做(了)某事 8　 坚持（做）某事 9　 强烈要求/坚持…… 10　 得出结论 11　 下结论 12　 最后；总之 13　 决不；无论如何都不 14　 正在建设中; 在施工中 15　 结果;因此 16　 作为…的结果 17　 大体上;总之 18　 总结; 概括; 合计 - 1 - 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$