名词性从句 讲义-2024届高三英语下学期二轮复习专项

高中语法精讲七 <名词性从句> 1. 分类：主宾表同 2. 引导词的区分： 主语从句 同位语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 that（不可省） that（可省） whether whether / if 宾语从句只用whether情况 1. whether to do 2. whether.... or not...... 3. whether.... or...... 4. discuss 后面用that 特殊疑问词 宾语从句中that不省略情况 1. that 从句和主句之间有插入语，或者从句之间有插入语 Eg. He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand. 2. 两个名词性从句并列作宾语 Eg. I believe where there is a will there is a way and that success is the mother of failure. 3. that 作介宾： Eg. The two accidents differ in that they happened in different years. 3. question和doubt + 同位语从句（引导词区别） 肯定句+ whether → I have a question whether he will succeed. 否定句/疑问句 + that → I have no question that he will succeed. 4. Be sure 用法： 肯定句/疑问句+ that→ I am sure that you have some books. 否定句+ whether / if → I am unsure whether /if you have any books. 5. 名词性从句是复合句时，that也要写。（双连接词） ① It's unknown that when he went to Beijing depends on his mother. ② The question is that what you should do to help him. （that省略） 备注：that 在句子①中作为名词性从句（主语从句）的引导词 what 在句子②中作为名词性从句（宾语从句）的引导词，所以去that 6. What 引导从句：陈述语气；副词where/when .等不做主/宾成分。 ① 指代叫不出来名称的事物： Eg. He broke what is used to cool the air in the room. ② 描述人物/事物的特性 Eg. He isn’t what he used to be. ③ 对“what is left of....”理解 Eg. He ate what is left of teh bread. 7. Where/when/how/why 引导的名词性从句可以+介词 引导状语从句，不+介词 Eg. My house is close to where I work. From where I live, I can see a lot of birds . 8. 感叹句作名词性从句：I was taught to understand how important education is to the children’s future. 9. When 表示：“.....时候的事情”：I remember when we had classes in the room. 10. It is known to us that ..... (主语从句) As is known to us that ...... (定语从句) What is known to us is that ......( 表语从句) 11. 连接代词/连接副词 + ever 用法：加强语气（通常在简单句中） 连接代词：whatever; whichever；whoever; whomever 连接副词：whenever; wherever；however 备注：句中明确有选择对象则whichever；否则whatever whoever 还是whomever ，看的是在从句中作的成分 名词性从句 让步状语从句 连接代词+ever 连接代/副词 + ever = no matter + 连接代/副词 可省略“系动词”：The old house must be repaired no matter what / whatever the cost ( is）. 陈述语气；主将从现，主情从现 Eg. Whoever he meet，he will get dressed. 陈述语气 12. 宾语从句中的间接引语和直接引语互相转换规则： 时态 语序 不定式表达 连接词 主现从任意 陈述语序 He asked us to be quiet. = He said, “be quiet”! that 主过从过去 whether/if 客观谚语现在时 特殊疑问词 ◎ 特殊：用say/tell/hear/learn 转述别人的话，如果情况还存在，用一般现在时。 ◎ 特殊：时间状语的变化 直接宾语 →间接宾语 now → then tomorrow→ the next （following）day today → that day two days ago→ two days before yesterday→ the day before next year→ the next year last week → the week before 高中语法精讲八<状语从句> 1. 状语从句时态规律--主将从现（时状/条状/让状） 2. 时间状语从句的引导词分类： 常用引导词 特殊引导词 when; as; while ; before; after since; until; till; as soon as the minute; the moment; the second; the instant; immediately; directly；instantly by the time; next time; every/each time； no sooner....than..... hardly.....when/before....... 一...就... scarcely....when/before....... 句首，倒装 例1：He had no sooner arrived home than the bell rang. = No sooner had he arrived home than the bell rang. 例2：He had hardly arrived home when the bell rang. = Hardly had he arrived home when the bell rang. 例3：Scarcely had he arrived home when the bell rang. ◎注意：时态问题（主过完从过去） 3. when 用法：+V瞬/V延：主从句动作前后发生 ① 从属连词：“当....” ② 从属连词：“既然,考虑到”= since = considering that 1 并列连词: “这时” be doing......when.......：正在做....这时..... be about to do......when.......：正要做....这时..... had done ......when........：刚做....这时.... 4. as用法：+V瞬：主从句动作几乎同时发生 ① 从属连词：“一....就....” ② 从属连词：“随着时间的推移”≠ when ≠ while 5. while用法：+V延：主从句动作并列同时发生 ① 从属连词：“当....”表同时进行: He is singing while I am dancing. ② 并列连词：“然而”，表两情况对比：He is tall while I am short. 6. the minute; the moment; the second; the instant用法：= when 7. immediately ; directly；instantly 作连词 8. on/upon “一...就”： Eg. On arriving there，they got down to work immediately. 9. by the time; next time; every/each time; every day引导时间状语从句， 可以用一般现在时表将来时。 10. for the first time 作状语，后面不能 +“从句”。 Eg. I went there for the first time. 11. Before 特殊句型用法： It .... + 时间段 + before + .... Eg. It is three weeks before we meet again. before long 很久以前（adv短语） long before不久 （adv短语）= soon long before + 时状从：在...前很早就... 12. till 和 until的用法：两者放肯定句，放后面，可互换 V延+ till (通常不句首) not（+V瞬）until.... Wait till I call you. She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 13. 原因状语从句： 常用引导词 特殊引导词 because ; since; as ; for (引导并列句) now that既然(达到....再做....) in that: 从某方面来说 看成(that+宾从，且that 不省略) seeing that； considering that; given that ① 回答why用法 Because ② 强调句 ③ 被not 修饰时 because of +n/prop/doing/what从句 （作状语，不作表语） His absence was because of the rain.（错误） 固定句型：The reason why.......is that......(that ≠ because) for：对结果加以推断：He must be ill，for he is absent today. 注意：主系表+that，可以引导原因状语从句： Eg. I’m excited that he has come back safely. 14. 地点状语从句： 常用引导词 特殊引导词 Where（本身是adv，不+prep） where；anywhere；wherever where 引导地点状语从句,不改成：介词+关系代词 where 引导定语从句,改成：介词+关系代词 15. 条件状语从句： （虽主将从现，will 不表将来，表示意愿；若要表示将来动作，用be to do. →If you are to succeed，you must work hard. 常用引导词 特殊引导词 if； unless = if....not.... as/so long as；only if；providing=provided that Supposing=supposed that；in case that； on condition that；in the event of 注意：once:“一旦”= ① as soon as ：因... 就.... ② from the moment when: 从...时起 16. 方式状语从句： 常用引导词 特殊引导词 as“按照” as if/as though“好像” the way In this way/in that way/in the same way/ in another way (in可省略) Eg. Do it (in) this way. as if/ as though：“好像”→ 状语从句+虚拟语气（与事实相反） as if/ as though：“好像”→ 状语从句+陈述语气（事实可能性大） as if/ as though：“好像”+ 分词短语/不定式/无动词短语 17. 目的状语从句： 常用引导词 特殊引导词 so that； in order that lest；in case；for fear that；in the hope that；for the purpose that； 注意：so that 引导从句中有情态动词can/could/may/might/should/would时是目的状从；没有情态动词则是结果状语从句。 18. for fear that .... 用法：“以免，生怕，唯恐” 引导状从，用虚拟语气（should/would/could/might + V原）；should 有“万一”之意，不可省略。 19. in case 用法：“以免，生怕，唯恐” ① 引导目的状从；② 引导条件状从= if 20. 结果状语从句： 常用引导词 特殊引导词 高频具体考点用法 so....that.... such...that.... so that such that to the degree to the extent degree to such a degree that · so + adj/adv + that..... · so + many/much/little(少量)/few + that..... · so + adj + a/an + 单数n+ that..... · such + a/an + adj + 单数n+ that.... · such + adj + 复数n+ that.... · such + adj + 不可数n + that...。 21. 让步状语从句：不用和but连用，可以和yet连用 常用引导词 特殊引导词 Though（可倒装） although（更正式） Even if：即使（假定性） even though：尽管（肯定事实） as(倒装)；no matter；in spite of the fact that while；whatever；whoever；wherever whenever；however；whichever whether...or....(不论....还是)= be it...or..... or +一对反义词= whether...or... 例1：Day or night, he worked hard. 例2：I’ll be there , be it rainy or sunny. 22. 让状从的倒装规则： adj/去冠n/adv/V + as/though +主语 + 谓语动词 + 主句 Eg. Child as he is , he knows a lot. 或 Young as he is，he knows a lot. Eg. Try as he may，he couldn’t solve the problem. 注意：美语中，as...as....也可以引导让步状从： 例：Cold as it was，we went out. = As cold as it was, we went out. 23. 比较状语从句： 常用引导词 特殊引导词 as....as....(同级比较) than（不同级比较） The more...the more.... 越...越.... Just as..., so.... 正如...一样 A is to B what/as X is to Y. A和B的关系如果X和Y 的关系 24. 《并列连词和并列句》用法： 1. Not only....but (also).... 用法：(语义上：强调后者) 就近原则 Not only John but also his father is interested in football. 句首，倒装 Not only he can play football , but also can he play the violin. 位置转换 Not only John but his father also is interested in football. 2. Neither......nor.....用法： 就近原则 Neither John nor his father is interested in football. 句型转换 Neither......nor.....= not....nor..... 倒装用法 I don't know, nor/neither do I want to know. 3. as well as 用法：(语义上：强调前者) 主谓一致 John，as well as his mother，is having dinner now. 作连词 = and He likes bananas as well as / and apples. 作介词 I like playing basketball as well as playing the guitar. 放句首 = in addition to As well as entertainment，we also need to take his safety the plan into account. 4. still less = let alone 用法：“更不用说”：前后形式一样 同义词：not to speak of...= not to mention....= to say noting of ..... 5. not... but.... 用法: “不是...而是....” 6. There is no A and no B = there is no A or B. 7. 特殊的并列句引导词用法： when ：“这时” while ：“而” for：“因为” 8. 表选择关系：or = or else = otherwise “否则，要不然”+ 从句 注意：otherwise 也可以是副词（+逗号）; 同理：however/therefore 作adv，所以要+逗号。（Eg. He helped me. Otherwise, I could find my book） 9. 祈使句句型： 祈使句+and / or +一般将来时：Be careful ,or you will be hurt again. 名词短语+and / or +一般将来时：One more minute，and I will finish it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$