2025届高考英语阅读理解“正确答案”的编写方法有何特点---以2024年新高考全国卷II为例 讲义

2024年高考英语全国卷I的阅读理解进行了分析，发现全国卷I的前四篇阅读15个题中，除掉一个数字题（22题）和一个猜词题（28题），剩下的13个题中有1个段落主旨大意题和12个细节题，都是对原文的一句话同义转述或者多处细节的推理提炼。这与2023年全国卷I比较一致。 众所周知，全国卷II的难度低于卷I。那么，全国卷II在正确答案编写上有何异同呢？以下就一些经典例题就行分析： 1. 一句话的同义转述 1.1 原文：Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate 题干：22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? 选项：A. Wear proper clothes. 分析：因为dress imappropriately会被拒绝参与，所以要穿proper 衣服。 1.2 原文：Date and Time:Saturday,...；Sunday...； Saturday,...；Sunday... 题干：23. What do the four walks have in common? 选项：D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 分析：用 weekend 替换 Saturday 和 Sunday。 1.3 原文：Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.                  Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that.  题干：24. Why did BART start the kiosk program? 选项：C. To meet passengers’ needs. 分析：选项是对原文的高度提炼转换。 1.4 原文：...you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story...“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” 题干：25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? 选项：B. By length. 分析：答案可以根据前文的故事长度的分钟数推测，也可以直接从后文的length得出。 1.5 原文：So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,... 题干：27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? 选项：D. Its ridership will increase. 分析：简单的同义转述。 1.6 原文：Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. 题干：29. What information does the convenient app offer? 选项：B. Current condition of the plants. 分析：原文中的“实时生长数据”转换成选项中的“植物目前状况”。 1.7 原文：As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. 题干：34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? 选项：C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. 分析：答案是对原文为we keep control of AI的简单转述，把we...转换成了people make joint efforts。 1.8 原文：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 题干：35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? 选项：A. To recommend a book on AI. 分析：根据文章最后一句话，如果只读一本AI方面的书，就读这本吧。这表明了写作目的：推荐书。 2. 多处细节的推理提炼 2.1 原文：Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” 题干：26. What has Trost been doing recently? 选项：A. Organizing a story contest. 分析：从该段可知，作者鼓励湾区艺术家投稿，目前收到约120份稿件，最后的获奖作品将被KIOSK收录。因此，作者是在组织比赛。 2.2 原文：We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 题干：28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? 选项：C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. 分析：原文BMF要shorten it，it指的前文的journey，再往前才知道这个journey是从农产品从产地到餐桌的距离。需要结合多处细节分析。 2.3 原文：BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 题干：30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? 选项：D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 分析：文章多处提到员工在上下班交通方式和办公室内如何减少垃圾等，这些都体现了选项中的“environmental awareness”。 2.4 原文：Para 2-5 (...an indoor garden system...set up for a family...serve a larger audience... new technology/remotely monitored...reduces the amount of water...replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod...zero emissions ...no need for pesticides and other chemicals) 题干：31. What does the text mainly talk about? 选项：A. BMF’s major strengths. 分析：正确选项用一个词stengths概括了三段话的核心，即BMF小型农场的优点：能满足家庭或更大单元的农产品需求；远程监控了解蔬菜生长的实时状况；精准浇灌减少用水；盆栽易于换种新植物；零排放；无需杀虫剂和其它化学物质等。 2.5 原文： In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.  She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 题干：33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? 选项：B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. 分析：“如果这本书落入错误的人手中，其处理起来可能和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但幸运的是，坎贝尔拥有超过二十年的专业经验，能够将深奥难懂的内容转化为易于理解的语言。她以一个商人的实用角度来写作，而不是作为一个学者，这使得这本书非常易于接近和信息丰富，并且到了结尾，它会让你感觉自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。” 从段落多处信息可以归纳提炼出该书的写作特点：简单实用。 综上可知，2024年高考英语全国卷II的前四篇阅读15个题中，除掉一个最短徒步时间考查数字的题（21题）和一个猜词题（32题），剩下的13个题中有1个段落主旨大意题和12个细节题，都是对原文的同义转述或者推理提炼。具体而言： 1. 有8个题都是简单的一句话同义转述，正确答案是一个句子中某个名词，动词（短语），或者句子的同义表述（第22， 23，24，25, 27，29, 34，35题）； 2. 有5个题都是多处细节的推理提炼。全国卷II的多处细节都涉及到两个及以上的句子，共4个题（第26，28，30，33题）。另外，有1个题（第31题）是段落主旨大意题也需要结合段内的多处细节进行提炼。该套题里没有出现答案出自一个并列/复合句中的几处细节。 2024年全国卷II的正确答案编写方式，与2024年全国卷I比较类似。不过，2024年全国卷I细节题中，只有5个题都是简单的一句话同义转述，有7个题涉及到两个及以上的句子，还有1个段落主旨大意题。这说明，全国卷II的简单的一句话同义转述题目更多（8 vs.5），多处细节的推理提炼的题目更少（5 vs.8），难度更低！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$