2025届高考英语阅读理解“正确答案”的编写方法有何特点---以2024年新高考全国卷I为例 讲义

分析2024年高考英语全国卷的选项编写特点。研究发现，细节理解题的正确选项编写要涉及到对文章某一句话的同义转述和多处细节的推理提炼。下面对2024年全国卷I进行了分析，挑选了典型案例，分享如下： 1. 一句话的同义转述 1.1 原文：We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.   题干：23.What are the volunteers expected to do? 选项：B.Work even in bad weather. 分析：把work rain or shine 转述成了 bad weather. 1.2 原文：If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.   题干：24.What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? 选项：A.He’s odd.  分析：嘲笑他与众不同的方法，意为“认为他很奇怪” 1.3  原文：Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies --- say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 题干：30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? 选项：A.They can hold students' attention.  分析：把engaging（吸引人的）替换为hold one's attention（吸引注意力） 1.4  原文：In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. 题干：32.What do we know about the records of species collected now? 选项：B. They are mostly in electronic form. 分析：答案把most换成mostly，把digital换成了electronic。 1.5  原文：“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” 题干：33.What does Daru’s study focus on? 选项：Observational data.     分析：题干中的focus on 和原文的use 可以转换。 2. 多处细节的推理提炼 2.1 原文：Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered speciesacross the ridges and valleys.  （多句） 题干：21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? 选项：C.To protect the local ecosystem.  分析：原文红色标注的表述被归纳提炼成 local ecosystem。 2.2  原文：Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.  （两句） 题干：25.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? 选项：C. He benefited from it as a patient. 分析：用benefited 代替原文的improved 或worked。 2.3 原文：Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart  attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.  And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy,” moves more  easily  and  rides  more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.  （两句） 题干：26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? 选项：D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.  分析：effectiveness一词很好地概括了疗效。 2.4  原文：Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is  any  indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me  that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” （多句） 题干：27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? 选项：A. To prove Farber’s point.     分析：通过举例，说明协会会员的数量增加以及疗效情况，证明Farber的观点是对的（the holistic approach will grow more popular with time）。 2.5  原文：But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis,” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. （并列复合句） 题干：29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? 选项：A.Readers treat digital texts lightly. 分析：根据这一理论，人们在接触数字文本时，往往带有适合社交媒体的心态，这种心态通常不太严肃，并且比阅读印刷品时投入的精力要少。 2.6  原文：Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. （两句） 题干：31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? 选项：C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. 分析：根据原文，数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，但是为了最大化学习效果，不应该假设所有媒介都是相同的，各有用处。所以，纸质印刷物不能被替代。 2.7  原文：“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias  data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. （复合句） 题干：34.What has led to the biases according to the study? 选项：C. Improper way of sampling. 分析：文章中提到一个公民科学家更有可能拍摄一株开花的植物，而不是拍摄它旁边的草一样，说明他们采样的不恰当。 2.8  原文：Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. （并列句） 题干：35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? 选项：D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 分析：把users换成了citizen scientists，用guidance指代“告知用户过度采样的区域，引导他们前往采样不足的地方/物种”。 综上可知，2024年高考英语全国卷I的前四篇阅读15个题中，除掉一个数字题（22题）和一个猜词题（28题），剩下的13个题中有1个段落主旨大意题和12个细节题，都是对原文的同义转述或者推理提炼。具体而言： 1. 有5个题都是简单的一句话同义转述，正确答案是一个句子中某个名词，动词或形容词（短语）的同义表述（第23， 24，30，32，33题）； 2. 有7个题都是多处细节的推理提炼。这些含有多处细节的题要么是位于一个并列/复合句中的几处细节，比如：有答案来自于1个复合句（34题），1个并列句（35题），1个并列复合句（29题）；要么涉及到两个及以上的句子，共5个题（第21，25，27，31题）。另外，26题是段落主旨大意题也需要结合段内的多处细节进行提炼。 2024年全国卷I的正确答案编写方式，与2023年全国卷I比较类似。2023年细节题中，有6个题都是简单的一句话同义转述（第21，27，31，33，34，35题），有1个题答案来自于1个并列复合句（28题），有4个题涉及到两个及以上的句子（第24，25，26，30题），还有一个段落主旨大意题（32题）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$