专题15 名词辨析(天津高考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用) 第一期 专题15 名词辨析(天津高考真题+名校模拟) 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District,which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems. A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first. A．focus B．target C．function D．trick 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating. A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________. A．system B．method C．investment D．environment 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science. A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers. A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory 7．（2019·天津·高考真题）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways. A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）People believe writing poems provides a through which they can express their feelings. A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background 9．（2018·天津·高考真题）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A．advice B．order C．possibility D．invitation 10．（2018·天津·高考真题）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on? A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence 11．（2017·天津·高考真题）The newspaper gave an accurate ________ of what happened the night before last. A．example B．display C．signal D．account 12．（2016·天津·高考真题）（2016·天津）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight. A．effect B．sense C．change D．chance 13．（2014·天津·高考真题）Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power. A．source B．sense C．result D．root 14．（2013·天津·高考真题）While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art. A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit 15．（2012·天津·高考真题）You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary 16．（2010·天津·高考真题）James took the magazines off the little table to make_______for the television. A．room B．area C．field D．position 17．（2009·天津·高考真题）I’m trying to break the of getting up too late. A．tradition B．convenience C．habit D．leisure 18．（2007·天津·高考真题）One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living________. A．bills B．expenses C．prices D．charges 19．（2008·天津·高考真题）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil. A．fuels B．articles C．goods D．products 20．（2024·天津河北·二模）J. K. Rowling provides a fascinating ______ of her journey from her humble beginnings in a small Edinburgh Cafe to becoming a globally celebrated author, inspiring millions. A．history B．target C．custom D．account 21．（2024·天津河西·二模）Peking University has the ______ of being one of the most famous universities in the world, so it attracts a large number of excellent students every year. A．distinction B．admission C．impression D．ambition 22．（2024·天津·二模）The hit film YOLO has received criticism as well as ______ since it was released because views on overweight differ. A．credit B．argument C．implement D．privilege 23．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ must go to addressing immediate needs and ensuring the safety of all individuals in the community during this crisis. A．Measures B．Targets C．Functions. D．Priorities 24．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）The visit to the art gallery gave the young painter a profound ______ into the use of colors in abstract art, so she decided to experiment with it in her own paintings. A．understanding B．fascination C．glimpse D．challenge 25．（2024·天津河东·二模）At the wedding, the invited guests bear ________ to the love between the couple. A．comparison B．blame C．relation D．witness 26．（2024·天津·二模）He has a strong __________ for wearing running shoes whether it is for daily runs, casual outings or simply relaxing. A．dislike B．ambition C．concern D．preference 27．（2024·天津·二模）The CCTV show - the Chinese Poetry Competition has been popular among the audience, which is partly designed to arouse people’s ______ in Chinese poetry. A．enthusiasm B．response C．significance D．reflection 28．（2024·天津·模拟预测）Studio heads realized that they couldn’t make virtually the same film over and over again with the same __________ of stars and still expect to keep turning a profit. A．cast B．staff C．actors D．celebrities 29．（2024·天津·二模）The car’s________ has improved a lot since a new engine has been applied to it. A．appearance B．character C．performance D．substance 30．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Nature has always been a ______ of inspiration for poets and writers throughout history. A．source B．shelter C．barrier D．background 31．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）—How can I believe you can pay the debts on time? —I’d like to offer my house as a ______. A．guarantee B．symbol C．promise D．permission 32．（2024·天津·二模）Over the years, people have learned from ants that team work and perseverance are two key _______ to success. A．contents B．ingredients C．approaches D．instructions 33．（2024·天津红桥·二模）She raised her finger to her lips as a (an) ________ for silence. A．idea B．mark C．sign D．word 34．（2024·天津宁河·一模）When giving first aid, we should give top ________ to those in the most serious situations. A．priority B．potential C．criticism D．elements 35．（2024·天津南开·一模）First, we need to build up a detailed ________ of our customers and their requirements. A．phase B．profile C．tendency D．distribution 36．（2024·天津·一模）Besides proper amounts of practice, perseverance is also one of the key ______ of success. A．elements B．categories C．ranges D．processes 37．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Reading is widely believed to be a ________ to learn more about the world. A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background 38．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare workers are at risk of getting infectious diseases because of their to infected patients. A．guidance B．response C．exposure D．advantage 39．（2024·天津河东·一模）We should forgive his bad temper because we know that losing his job has put him under great ______. A．emotion B．excitement C．crisis D．stress 40．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）In schools, it is required that no parent should ______to classrooms during class time. A．have possession B．have connection C．have access D．have contact 41．（2024·天津河北·一模）China’s Belt and Road Initiative means a new ________ for trade and investment between countries, leading into a new era of prosperity. A．burden B．dawn C．chart D．survey 42．（2024·天津和平·一模）Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed a(n)______ for birds, too. A．habit B．interest C．passion D．appetite 43．（23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试）Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding shelter before they can pursue entertainment and . A．potential B．recreation C．justice D．intervention 44．（23-24高三上·天津红桥·期末）If you set up your goal and start your preparations as early as possible, you will achieve your ______ to become one of the most famous scientists in the future. A．amusement B．ambition C．appointment D．application 45．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）China’s vast central and western regions have accelerated the pace of development. Meanwhile, analysts have called for giving ___________to quality instead of the growth rate. A．dilemma B．frontier C．priority D．significance 46．（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）The of determination can turn dreams into reality if one is willing to work hard. A．power B．right C．test D．display 47．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）In a recent exclusive interview with Xinbua news agency, Djokovic shared his excitement about returning to China and the he holds for his Chinese fans. A．tendency B．impact C．affection D．inspiration 48．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）I agree with what you say in _______ , but differ on some points of detail. A．appearance B．conscience C．existence D．substance 49．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）The diversity of cuisine in a region is a ______of its history, culture, and geography, showing the unique flavors and cooking traditions that have developed through history. A．occupation B．reflection C．recognition D．qualification 50．（23-24高三上·天津南开·阶段练习）Despite years of receiving ________ from publishers, he persevered in his attempt to establish himself as a writer. A．preference B．intention C．arrangement D．rejection 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在湖区长大，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。A. discovery发现；B. form形式；C. source来源，源泉；D. symbol象征。由下文“of inspiration for his poems.”可知，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。故选C。 2．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个瓶子很难打开；诀窍是先把热水倒在上面。A. focus焦点；B. target目标；C. function功能；D. trick诀窍。由“pour hot water on it first”可知，空格处应表达“诀窍”，故用trick，作主语。故选D。 3．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。 4．D 【详解】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。 5．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。 6．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。 7．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。 8．C 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；D. background背景。故C选项正确。 9．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。 点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。 10．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延，拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗?A. loss丢失；B. heat热量；C. spread蔓延；D. defence 防御。由“the world’s deserts and save the land”可知，spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。 11．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：报纸对前天晚上发生的事作了准确的报道。A. example例子；B. display展示；C. signal信号；D. account账户，解释。根据后文“of what happened the night before last”可知指报纸对前天晚上发生的事做了准确的解释报道，应用account。故选D。 12．D 【详解】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。 考点：考查名词辨析。 13．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。A. source 资源；B. sense感觉，意识；C. result结果；D. root根源。根据空后of power及语境可知，此处指电力资源。故选A。 14．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在巴黎期间，培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。A.way方法，道路；B. relation关系；C. taste品尝，鉴赏力；D. habit习惯。develop a taste for“培养对……的鉴赏力”。故选C。 15．C 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：你工作太认真了，你最好在工作和放松之间保持平衡。A.promise诺言；B.lead领先；C.balance平衡；D.diary日记。keep a balance 保持平衡；结合句意可知C正确。 16．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下来，给电视机腾出地方。A. room房间，空间；B. area地区；C. field田野，领域；D. position位置。根据语境可知，此处是固定短语make room for表示“给……让出空/地方”。故选A。 17．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在努力改掉起床晚的习惯。由关键词getting up too late“起的晚”和“习惯”搭配合适，意思是“晚起的习惯”；A. tradition传统；B. convenience方便，便利；C. habit习惯；D. leisure休闲，空闲。故选C。 18．B 【详解】试题分析：句意：每月1000美元虽不是富裕，但将帮我们支付生活费用。A. bills账单； B. expenses费用，开支；C. prices价格；D. charges费用，手续费，运费。根据句意故选B。 考点：考查同义词的辨析。 19．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数空气污染是由煤、天然气和石油等燃料的燃烧引起的。A. fuels燃料；B. articles文章；C. goods货物；D. products产品。根据后文“like coal, gas and oil”指燃料燃烧导致空气污染，故选A。 20．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：J. K. Rowling 讲述了她从爱丁堡一家小咖啡馆卑微起步到成为全球知名作家的迷人历程，激励了数百万人。A. history历史；B. target目标；C. custom习俗；D. account描述。J. K. Rowling 提供了一个引人入胜的描述，讲述了她从爱丁堡一家小咖啡馆的不起眼开始到成为备受全球瞩目的作家的旅程，激励了无数人，选择account一词符合句意的需要。故选D。 21．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京大学有着全世界最著名大学之一的荣誉，因此每年都吸引着大批优秀的学生。A. distinction荣誉；B. admission录取；C. impression印象；D. ambition志向。分析句子意思可知，这里需要名词distinction，作宾语，构成短语have the distinction of，意为“有……的荣誉/特殊之处”。故选A。 22．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：热门电影《热辣滚烫》自上映以来，既受到批评，也受到赞扬，因为人们对超重的看法不一。A. credit赞扬；B. argument争论；C. implement工具；器具；D. privilege特权；荣幸。根据“because views on overweight differ.”可知，电影《热辣滚烫》既受到批评，也受到赞扬。故选A。 23．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这场危机中，必须优先解决当前的需求，并确保社区中所有人的安全。A. Measures措施；B. Targets目标；C. Functions功能；D. Priorities优先事项。此处应指应对危机时需要采取的“措施”来解决眼前的需求和保障安全，因此Measures最符合语境。故选A。 24．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：参观美术馆使这位年轻的画家深刻地了解了色彩在抽象艺术中的运用，因此她决定在自己的绘画中进行尝试。A. understanding理解；B. fascination入迷，着迷；C. glimpse一瞥，短暂的感受；D. challenge挑战。根据gave the young painter a profound及into the use of colors in abstract art可知，此处表示“对色彩在抽象艺术中的运用有了深刻的理解”，give a glimpse into为固定短语。故选C。 25．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在婚礼上，受邀的宾客们见证了这对夫妇之间的爱情。A. comparison比较；B. blame责备；C. relation关系；D. witness见证。参加婚礼的客人通常是作为新人爱情的见证者，因此，正确答案应当与“见证”相关，witness符合这一语境，表示客人们见证了这对夫妇的爱。bear witness“见证”为固定短语。故选D。 26．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他非常喜欢穿跑鞋，无论是日常跑步、休闲郊游还是单纯的放松。A. dislike厌恶；B. ambition雄心；C. concern关注，担忧；D. preference偏爱。根据后文whether it is for daily runs, casual outings or simply relaxing可知，此处表示“喜爱，偏爱”。故选D。 27．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：CCTV的节目——中国诗词大会在观众中很受欢迎，这部分是设计来激发人们对中国诗词的热情。A. enthusiasm热情；B. response反应；C. significance意义或重要性；D. reflection反映或思考。enthusiasm符合语境，表示节目旨在激发观众对中国诗词的热情。故选A项。 28．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：电影公司的领导们意识到，他们不可能用同样的演员阵容反复制作几乎相同的电影，同时还期望继续盈利。A. cast演员阵容；B. staff全体员工；C. actors演员；D. celebrities名人。由“they couldn’t make virtually the same film over and over again with the same”和“of stars”可知，句子表示“他们不可能用同样的演员阵容反复制作几乎相同的电影”，空格处意为“演员阵容”，故选A。 29．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从安装了新引擎后，这辆车的性能有了很大的提高。A. appearance外表；B. character特点；C. performance性能；D. substance物质。根据下文“since a new engine has been applied to it”可知是装了新的引擎，所以应是提高了车的性能，故选C。 30．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大自然一直以来都是历史上诗人和作家的灵感源泉。A. source源泉； B. shelter庇护所；C. barrier障碍；D. background背景。根据下文“inspiration for poets and writers”可知，空处表示诗人和作家获取灵感的重要源泉，A选项符合句意。故选A。 31．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——我怎么能相信你能按时还债呢？——我想用我的房子作担保。A.guarantee担保；B.symbol象征；C.promise承诺；D.permission准许。根据“How can I believe you can pay the debts on time?”可知，此处是指用房子作担保。故选A。 32．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，人们从蚂蚁身上学到，团队合作和毅力是成功的两个关键因素。A.contents内容；B. ingredients要素，因素；C. approaches方法；D. instructions说明书。根据句意可知，团队合作和毅力是成功的两个关键因素。故选B项。 33．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把手指举到唇边示意安静。A. idea想法；B. mark记号；C. sign示意，迹象；D. word单词。根据上文“She raised her finger to her lips”可知指把手指举到唇边示意安静。故选C。 34．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人。A. priority优先事项，最重要的事；B. potential潜力；C. criticism批评；D. elements元素。由“those in the most serious situations”可知，句子表示“在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人”，give priority to意为“优先考虑”。故选A。 35．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我们需要建立客户及其需求的详细人物简介。A. phase阶段；B. profile人物简介；C. tendency趋势；D. distribution分配。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“人物简介”，故用profile。故选B。 36．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了适当的练习，毅力也是成功的关键要素之一。A. elements要素；B. categories类别；C. ranges范围；D. processes过程。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“因素”，故用elements。故选A。 37．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为阅读是一种了解世界的渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；渠道；D. background背景。根据句意可知，阅读应是人们了解世界的一个渠道。故选C项。 38．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医护人员由于与被感染的病人接触而有感染传染病的危险。A. guidance指导；B. response反应，回复；C. exposure接触；D.advantage优势。医疗工作人员和感染的病人是频繁接触的，并且因此面临感染的风险。故选C项。 39．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该原谅他的坏脾气，因为我们知道失去工作使他承受了巨大的压力。A. emotion感情；B. excitement兴奋；C. crisis危机；D. stress压力。根据“because we know that losing his job.”可知，因为失去工作，所以承受了巨大的压力。故选D。 40．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，要求任何家长在上课时间都不能进入教室。have access to是固定短语，意为“接近；到达”，符合句意。possession意为“拥有”； connection意为“联系”； contact意为“联络；接触”。故选C。 41．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国的“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资的新曙光，开启了繁荣的新时代。A. burden负担；B.  dawn黎明，开端，曙光；C. chart图表；D. survey调查。根据leading into a new era of prosperity可知，“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资迎来了新曙光。故选B。 42．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：猫被带到岛上控制老鼠，不幸地是，猫随后也对鸟类产生了食欲。A. habit习惯；B. interest兴趣；C. passion激情；D. appetite食欲。根据句意可知，空处表示“食欲”，appetite for…为固定短语，表示“对……的胃口”，故选D项。 43．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人在追求娱乐和消遣之前，必须先考虑吃、喝、穿和住的地方。A. potential潜能；B. recreation消遣；C. justice公平；D. intervention介入。根据上文“entertainment and”可知，指追求娱乐和消遣。故选B。 44．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你设定了你的目标，并尽早开始你的准备，你将实现你的雄心壮志，成为未来最著名的科学家之一。A. amusement娱乐；B. ambition雄心；C. appointment任命；D. application申请，应用。根据后文“to become one of the most famous scientists in the future”可知，此处指“成为科学家的雄心壮志”。故选B项。 45．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国广大的中西部地区加快了发展步伐。与此同时，分析人士呼吁优先考虑质量，而不是增长率。A. dilemma窘境，困境；B. frontier边境，国界；C. priority优先事项，最重要的事；D. significance重要性，意义。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“优先事项”应为priority，give priority to意为“优先考虑”符合句意。故选C项。 46．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人愿意努力工作,决心的力量可以把梦想变成现实。A. power力量；B. right权利；C. test测试；D. display显示。根据“if one is willing to work hard.”可知，只要努力工作，决心的力量可以把梦想变成现实。故选A。 47．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近接受新华社独家采访时，德约科维奇表达了他对回到中国的兴奋之情，以及他对中国球迷的喜爱。A. tendency趋势；B. impact影响；C. affection喜爱；D. inspiration灵感。根据上文“Djokovic shared his excitement about returning to China”可知，此处指对中国球迷的喜爱。故选C。 48．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我同意你所说的基本内容，但在某些细节上有所不同。A. appearance外表；B. conscience良心；B. existence存在；D. substance实质，基本内容。根据句中的differ on some points of detail可知，我在某些细节上与你说的话有分歧，但在基本内容上表示同意。故选D。 49．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个地区烹饪的多样性是其历史、文化和地理的反映，展示了历史上发展起来的独特风味和烹饪传统。A.occupation 职业；B.reflection反应；C. recognition认可；D. qualification资格。根据句意可知，一个地区烹饪的多样性是其历史、文化和地理的反映。故选B项。 50．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管多年来一直遭到出版商的拒绝，他还是坚持不懈地尝试成为一名作家。A.preference偏爱；B.intention意图；C. arrangement安排；D. rejection拒绝。根据下文“he persevered in his attempt to establish himself as a writer.”可知，尽管多年来一直遭到出版商的拒绝。故选D项。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$