Unit4 Section1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It is illegal (非法的) to sell cigarettes to children who are under age. 2．Now that you have a(n) assistant (助手), you can relax a little. 3．Tears help to protect the eye from potentially (潜在地) harmful foreign bodies. 4．Today, China is the world's largest automobile producer, with more than double the capacity (能力) of that country. 5．These questions will be analysed (分析) in more details in the next section of this report. 6．As is generally agreed, it is a(n) immoral (不道德的) behaviour to steal others' designs. 7．When the attack took place, there were no victims (受害者) supporting schemes. 8．The beautiful small city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial (人工的). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The disease is spreading fast around the country, and all children under 5 are at risk. 2．Internet users who illegally (illegal) download movies and music can have their web access blocked. 3．He suffered a stroke last year, which left him unable to speak, but his mental capacity (capable) wasn't affected. 4．We hope one day all the violence and poverty will be wiped out in the world and we can live a really harmonious life. 5．Nowadays, with intelligent computers analysing (analyse) large amounts of data, humans can work more efficiently. 6．The surgeon was fired by the hospital last month because of his immoral (moral) behaviour. 7．In contrast to their management system and operation mode, ours seem very old­fashioned. 8．To begin with, I'd like to take this opportunity to extend my heart­felt appreciation to the kind assistance (assist) you have offered me during my stay in China. 9．Teenagers, who are susceptible to advertisements online, need to have the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong. 10．The overall atmosphere of the café is warm and inviting, which makes it a good place to hang out　. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．由于受伤了，他别无选择只能大声求救。(choice) Being injured, he had no choice but to scream for help　. 2．离开前把你租住的房子打扫干净是礼貌的。(get＋宾语＋宾补) It's good manners to get the rented house tidied before you leave. 3．事实是，如果你想得到尊重，你必须尊重别人。(表语从句) 　The truth is that if you want respect　， you have to give respect. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 There is a heated discussion about whether Artificial Intelligence is the best or the worst thing ever 1.　to happen (happen) to humanity.Here are three views of them. Millennium butterfly: Thanks to AI, I've got a super­smart personal assistant 2.　built (build) into my phone, who can give 3.　an immediate answer for any question I put to her and make judgements about my preferences from my answers.Besides, I'm hoping for a self­driving car to hang out.Self­driving cars will be a lot 4.　safer (safe) than traditional ones, because they are not susceptible to human error.In a word, I believe AI will 5.　on the whole make doing daily routines a lot easier. Popkid: I think a 6.　truly (true) independent form of AI will put us at risk.First, it would make us lose jobs.What's worse, we might 7.　be wiped (wipe) out by it, as it could see us as a “small” 8.　inconvenience (convenience). Pink­haze：While super­intelligent AI could solve problems 9.　which/that are too challenging for human experts, it could also be the most dangerous if it 10.　goes (go) wrong or falls into the wrong hands.Nevertheless, as AI is not going to go away, we have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Many leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades，artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on the earth. The reason why many people reject this as science fiction is that we've traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans.But such an idea is un­scientific. From my point of view, as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information processing performed by elementary particles (基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one can't build machines more intelligent than us in all ways.This suggests that we've only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity. If we get it right, the upside is huge.Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow's toughest problems.For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self­driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable (可持续的) energy? I'm optimistic that we can develop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it.But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning from mistakes.That helped us win the race with less powerful technology.We messed with fire and then invented fire extinguishers (灭火器), and we messed with car accidents and then invented seat belts.However, it's an awful idea for more powerful technology, such as nuclear weapons or super intelligent AI where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。作者是一个物理学家和人工智能研究者，他向我们阐述了人们对人工智能发展的误解以及人工智能的优势。 1．How do many people feel about leading AI researchers' predictions? A．Worried. B．Curious. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“...many people reject this as science fiction ...”可知，很多人不相信人工智能研究员的预言，对其持怀疑态度，认为那更像是科幻小说。C项意为“怀疑的”，符合文意。 2．What does the author think of intelligence? A．We know little about it. B．It belongs to human beings. C．It is too difficult to understand. D．We have a good command of it. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句的内容“这表明我们只看到了智慧的冰山一角，而且有一种惊人的可能性，就是可以释放出自然界潜在的全部智慧，并利用它来帮助人类”可知，作者认为我们对智慧知之甚少。故选A。 3．What does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Cost. B．Potential. C．Quantity. D．Advantage. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句的内容“既然我们热爱的关于文明的一切都是智慧的产物，那么用人工智能来增强我们自己的智慧就有可能解决未来最棘手的问题。”可知，第四段是在讲述人工智能的优点和好处，故upside应为“优点，好处”之意。故选D。 4．What's important for us in the race between humanity and more powerful technology? A．Learning from failure. B．Increasing our intelligence. C．Avoiding making mistakes. D．Making accurate predictions. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句中的“it's an awful idea for more powerful technology ...where even a single mistake is unacceptable ...”可知，对于更强大的技术来说，哪怕是犯一个错误都是不可接受的。所以，避免犯错是很重要的。故选C。 B Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho. It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane (薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles (水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck.However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter.And too much plastic is bound to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention. The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements.The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles.It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on to meet people's demand. Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest while the production machine is getting up and running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Skipping Rocks Lab发明的新型环保储水容器Ooho的食用方法、运输方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市场前景。 5．How is most plastic dealt with in America? A．It's sold. B．It's recycled. C．It's buried. D．It's wasted. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的内容可知，在美国，只有23%的塑料资源被回收利用，价值超过10亿美元的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了，故选D。 6．Why did the team invent Ooho? A．To make a profit for a company. B．To protect the environment. C．To make people eat as they drink. D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的内容可知，塑料水瓶的使用会增加污染并且浪费能源和水。再根据第二段最后一句可知，太多的塑料一定会对环境有害，这就能说明为什么会有这样的新发明。因此发明Ooho的目的是保护环境，故选B。 7．What can we infer about Ooho from the text? A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts. B．It has become popular since it began to be sold. C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles. D．It costs the team a lot of money to develop the technology. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的“but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles.”可知，制造储水容器Ooho的成本比制造塑料矿泉水瓶低得多，因此可以推断出Ooho的市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低，故选C。 8．What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph? A．Ooho is to be a success in the future. B．Ooho is being supported by smart people. C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now. D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.”可知，许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，所以作者也相信它一定会成功，故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I received a private message on my social media.It began harmlessly enough.“Hi, girl.What to 1 you to join my next challenge group — We will be 2 on 60 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition.”It was all becoming too much.Social media was 3 my life, not me. But what killed social media for me was when I 4 a photo and my son asked me how many “likes” it had got.His question was a 5 call.“Likes” are signs of acceptance and 6 ．I had forgotten they both need to come from within and had 7 set him a bad example. To recreate the simplicity of those days and set a 8 example for my son, I deactivated (解除) my social media 9 ．I had been in the habit of 10 social media many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits.I 11 a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me.I rediscovered knitting and yoga classes. I started to 12 a few things.My body is fine just the way it is.I have friends who will help me out when I am 13 ．I do my best to be a good mother and my son is happy and healthy. I stopped looking at the world through my cell phone.I felt completely 14 in the moment.The 15 left me feeling better about myself, my family, my home and my life. Less social media is more. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。意识到生活被社交媒体操纵后，为了给儿子做个好榜样，“我”毅然注销了自己的社交媒体账号，开始阅读书籍、重拾编织的爱好并积极地上瑜伽课。“我”对自己、家庭等的感觉越来越好。 1．A.invite B．help C．contact D．reward 解析：A　根据该句中的to join可知，该处指“邀请加入”下一个挑战团体。invite“邀请”符合语境。 2．A.commenting B．researching C．focusing D．relying 解析：C　根据上文中的“join my next challenge group及下文中的on 60 minutes of exercise”可知，此处应指邀请“我”参加挑战，将注意力集中在60分钟的锻炼上。focus on为固定搭配，意为“集中注意力于……”。 3．A.ruining B．promoting C．instructing D．running 解析：D　根据上文内容可知，社交媒体正在通过广告邀请客户参加他们的活动，结合该句中的my life可知，社交媒体正在操纵着“我”的生活。run“管理，经营”。 4．A.posted B．took C．copied D．designed 解析：A　根据该句中的social media并结合常识可知，该处指“我”在社交媒体上发布照片。 5．A.warm­up B．wake­up C．follow­up D．come­up 解析：B　根据下文中的“set him a bad example”可知，“我”意识到“我”为他树立了不好的榜样；结合该句中的call可知，他的问题敲响了警钟。wake­up call“让人警醒的事”。 6．A.sympathy B．patience C．liberation D．approval 解析：D　根据该句中的acceptance and可知，空处与名词acceptance为同义词；结合常识可知，“赞”是接受和赞成的标志。approval“赞成”。 7．A.unwillingly B．understandingly C．dramatically D．unknowingly 解析：D　根据上文描述可知，“我”在社交媒体上发布了一张照片，儿子问“我”获赞多少；再结合语境可知，此处是指“我”不知不觉地为儿子树立了一个坏榜样。unknowingly“不知不觉地”。 8．A.healthy B．major C．single D．plain 解析：A　根据上文中的bad example并结合该句中的example for my son可知，空处与bad词义相反，表示“为儿子树立一个健康的榜样”。healthy“健康的”。 9．A.performance B．platform C．account D．assignment 解析：C　根据该句中的deactivated (解除) my social media并结合常识可知，“我”注销了“我”的社交媒体账号。account“账号”。 10．A.answering B．checking C．designing D．sending 解析：B　根据该句中的“social media many times a day”并结合常识可知，“我”有每天多次检查社交媒体的习惯。check“检查”。 11．A.carried B．bought C．ordered D．reviewed 解析：A　根据该句中的“a novel and a ...with me”可知，“我”随身带着一本小说和一本填字游戏书。carry“携带”。 12．A.expect B．recognize C．treat D．reject 解析：B　根据下文可知，“我”的体质变好，拥有乐于帮助“我”的朋友，“我”努力成为一位好母亲，“我们”的儿子也健康快乐。结合该句中的a few things可知，在注销社交媒体账号后，“我”承认自己得到了许多好处。recognize“承认，意识到”。 13．A.in charge B．on call C．in need D．on duty 解析：C　根据该句中的“who will help me out”可知，此处应该是指“我”拥有了在“我”需要时能帮助“我”的朋友。 14．A.responsible B．typical C．present D．confident 解析：C　根据该句中的in the moment可知，“我”感觉自己完全活在当下。 15．A.concern B．message C．origin D．break 解析：D　根据上文内容可知，“我”注销了社交媒体账号，找到新的爱好；结合该句中的left me feeling ...my life可知，不再使用社交媒体让“我”对自己、“我”的家人、“我”的家和“我”的生活感觉更好了。break“终止，中断”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$