Unit5 Section3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The machines contain high levels of lead (铅) and other dangerous substances　(物质), which are harmful to our health. 2．The apartment is far too small for us.　Furthermore　(另外), it is too far from our company. 3．The athletes are required to stand with their feet apart and their hands facing upwards　(向上). 4．After two months of drilling　(钻探，勘探), oil was found off the coast. 5．The city's average rainfall was 17 millimetre (毫米)in the 24 hours up to Friday morning. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．There's absolutely no regulation of cigarettes to make sure that they don't include poisonous substances　(substance). 2．They had accidentally damaged a gas pipe while drilling　(drill).Luckily, no one was seriously injured. 3．These ancient messages and sketches offer a window into the daily routine and interests of the people in ancient times. 4．There are many challenges at the very depths of the ocean and there are also many parts that are beyond the reach of human exploration. 5．Breathing such polluted air is equivalent to smoking ten cigarettes a day. 6．At the top of the hill stands (stand) a weather station. 7．If more people join in the trend to ride bicycles to work, then the air quality will be improved notably　(notable). 8．Tom is a great basketball player.He holds the school record for most points in a season in our school. 9．If you continue to complain/complaining　(complain) about your study, you will never make progress in it. 10．The ship loaded with cargoes will set sail for New Orleans tomorrow morning. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．人们希望这些发现能为了解宇宙的起源提供新的窗口。(形式主语) 　It is hoped that these discoveries can offer a new window into the origin of the universe. 2．如果有必要，我们学校将为学生提供语言培训课程。(省略句) 　If necessary　， our school will provide the students with the language training courses. 3．沿途全是参天大树，其中一些有大约一百年的历史。(倒装句) 　Along the road are thick and tall trees　， some of them with a history of around 100 years. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 It is estimated 1.　that three million shipwrecks are lying under waters across the globe.All of them represent attempts 2.　to explore　(explore) Earth's furthest corners over the centuries.With the exploration of the oceans, we are continuing to make new discoveries in various scientific fields.Many archaeological finds 3.　are made　(make) in shallow waters near the coast.However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, 4.　darkness　(dark) and extreme cold at vast depths. 5．　Amazing　(amaze) biological discoveries are also being made.The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet's fish.In the very deepest ocean trenches, there is still life to be found.These discoveries help us understand the capacity for life on our planet, even in 6.　the most extreme circumstances. Besides, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, some of which are 7.　completely　(complete) new to us.China has discovered an ice­like substance, known 8.　as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.China's underwater vessels have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres.The research 9.　conducted　(conduct) by these vessels not only gives scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed, but also helps identify areas for deep­sea drilling, 10.　taking　(take) deep­sea exploration into a whole new era. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A “Experts using a high­tech laser scanner (激光扫描仪) have discovered thousands of abandoned ancient Maya buildings under the thick forests of northern Guatemala，” officials said on Thursday.Some 60，000 buildings were found over the past two years in a scan of an area in the northern department of El Peten between Mexico and Belize, said Marcello Canuto, an archaeologist at Tulane University in the United States and one of the project's lead researchers. These findings were a “breakthrough in Maya archaeology”， Canuto said. The new discoveries in this Central American country included city centers with sidewalks, homes, wide steps, farming facilities and so on, said Canuto. Among the finds was a 30­meter high pyramid that had been earlier recognized as a natural hill in Tikal.Also discovered in Tikal were a series of holes and a 14­kilometer­long wall. Maya civilisation reached its height in what is present­day southern Mexico, Guatemala, and parts of Belize, El Salvador and Honduras between 250 CE and 950 CE.“Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment，” Canuto said. The project depended on a remote sensing method known as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).Aircraft with a LIDAR scanner produced 3D maps of the surface by using light in the form of a laser beam. The technology helped researchers discover sites much faster than using traditional archaeological methods.“Now it is no longer necessary to cut through the jungle to see what's under it，” said Canuto. Details of the research will appear in a documentary to air on February 11 on the National Geographic TV channel, said Minister of Culture and Sports José Luis Chea. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项发现玛雅建筑的新技术。 1．What did Canuto think of the new discoveries in the past two years? A．Crucial. B．Frightening. C．Annoying. D．Puzzling. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some 60，000 buildings were found over the past two years”和第二段中的“These findings were a ‘breakthrough in Maya archaeology’”可知，Canuto认为这些新发现是一个重大的突破。A项最符合Canuto的观点，故选A。 答案　A 2．Which of the following is an advantage of LIDAR? A．It saves money in discovering sites. B．It is more convenient for researchers to cut through the jungle. C．Explorers have to go deep into the jungle to research. D．Research can be done at a distance. 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，利用这项技术研究人员可以远程探索玛雅建筑，不用去丛林中了。故选D。 答案　D 3．What can we know about the Maya according to the new discoveries? A．They might live in Africa. B．Their living area might be less developed. C．Their pyramid was made of a hill. D．They might be a nation with a surprisingly large population. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Researchers now believe that the Maya had a population of 10 million, which is much higher than previous judgment”可知，玛雅可能人口众多。故选D。 答案　D 4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the text? A．To inform readers of the new discoveries about the Maya. B．To introduce a new method used to discover Maya buildings. C．To show Maya development was of great influence. D．To tell us a new documentary will be launched on TV in Feb. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章的篇章结构可知，文章第一、二段引出了一项技术并说明了它的重要作用，第三、四、五段通过列举利用这项技术发现的情况来突出这项技术的作用，第六、七段介绍了这项技术的工作原理和优点。由此可知文章的主要目的是介绍这项新技术。故选B。 答案　B B One of the oldest archaeological sites in the Americas has been discovered in Cooper's Ferry in western Idaho, according to a study published in the journal Science.Radiocarbon (放射性碳) dating shows that people were creating tools and hunting animals in Cooper's Ferry between 15，000 and 16，000 years ago. Until a couple of decades ago, Clovis stone tools, which are generally about 13，000 years old, were considered to be the first human technology in the Americas.Though dozens of sites claim to be what archaeologists call “pre­Clovis”， Donald Grayson, an archaeologist and professor at the University of Washington, believes that to date only a few are actually dated. Archaeologist Loren Davis, lead author of the Science report, first dug at Cooper's Ferry in 1997 as part of his PhD studies.He found a number of stone points that could have been fixed to the handle of a tool.Radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal (木炭) that were buried in the same small hole suggested these tools were up to 13，300 years old.Davis returned about ten years later to lead a further exploration of Cooper's Ferry because he still had some questions.He wanted to know if the tools he found in the 1990s were older than tools in the Clovis tradition. Over the last decade of excavation, Davis and his team found evidence of heat­cracked rocks from ancient campfires, workspaces for making and repairing tools, and parts of animal bones.In 2018 Davis' team sent some charcoal from an ancient campfire for radiocarbon dating and was surprised that it was in the 14，000­year­old age range.To make sure those results were right, more materials from Cooper's Ferry were tested. “Our results just kept on coming in older and older and older，” Davis says.The deepest layer of artifact­filled sediment (沉积物) at the site had an age range of about 15，000 to 16，000 years old.“I just never thought that the site was going to be this old.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。考古学家在美国爱达荷州西部发现的一个远古遗址被证明是美洲已知最古老的人类定居点之一。 5．What can be learned about Clovis stone tools? A．They led to the new finding in Idaho. B．They were discovered several years ago. C．They are no longer considered an important discovery. D．They are not the first human technology in America. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the oldest archaeological sites in the Americas has been discovered in Cooper's Ferry in western Idaho”和“Radiocarbon (放射性碳) dating shows that people were creating tools and hunting animals in Cooper's Ferry between 15，000 and 16，000 years ago.”、第二段中的“Clovis stone tools, which are generally about 13，000 years old”以及最后一段中的“The deepest layer of artifact­filled sediment (沉积物) at the site had an age range of about 15，000 to 16，000 years old.”可知，克洛维斯遗址的时间大约是13，000年前，而研究人员发现还有比克洛维斯遗址更早的遗迹，时间是16，000年前到15，000年前之间。由此可知克洛维斯遗址并不是美洲最古老的人类遗址。故选D。 答案　D 6．What did Loren Davis most probably realize during his excavation in 1997? A．General exploration is needed in America. B．Cooper's Ferry wasn't really worth digging. C.The world's oldest tool was found in America. D.People once lived in Cooper's Ferry 13，300 years ago. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Archaeologist Loren Davis...first dug at Cooper's Ferry in 1997 as part of his PhD studies.He found a number of stone points that could have been fixed to the handle of a tool.Radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal (木炭) that were buried in the same small hole suggested these tools were up to 13，300 years old.”可知，在1997年的挖掘过程中，Loren Davis发现库珀渡船遗址中的人类活动可以追溯到距今13，300年前。故选D。 答案　D 7．What do Davis' words in the last paragraph show? A．He doubted the results. B．He was a really good researcher. C．He was very surprised at the results. D．He would find evidence for his theory. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Davis的话“I just never thought that the site was going to be this old.”可知，Loren Davis没想到他研究的遗址那么古老，他的研究结果让他自己感到很震惊。故选C。 答案　C 8．What would be the best title for the text? A．The first human technology uncovered B.A new archaeological site discovered in America C.Human activity discovered in a 13，000­year­old site D．Idaho's archaeological site now among America's oldest 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“One of the oldest archaeological sites in the Americas has been discovered in Cooper's Ferry” “Radiocarbon(放射性碳) dating shows that people were creating tools and hunting animals in Cooper's Ferry between 15，000 and 16，000 years ago.”和文章对该研究过程的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了库珀渡船遗址是美洲最古老的人类定居点之一。D项最符合文意，故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 It has been several decades since the UFO raced across the US and crashed near Kecksburg.Taken for nothing more than a meteor (流星) impact at the beginning, the famous event later 1 the nickname of “Pennsylvania's Roswell” after the military was said to attempt to cover it up. The incident began on December 9, 1965 when thousands of people across several states 2 a strange fireball which dropped “hot metal pieces” as it 3 through the sky. Despite the 4 being fairly widespread, it was the small town of Kecksburg in Pennsylvania that would become most closely 5 with the incident. It started when a young local boy claimed that he had seen an object landing in nearby 6 and his mother later 7 it to the authorities when she saw strange blue thin lines of fire rising from the trees. Several locals including members of the fire department went out to look into the scene and 8 an odd acorn­shaped object, the size of a small car with 9 writing on its surface. Within a short space of time there were reports of a serious military 10 at the crash site with army officials 11 ordinary people away from the scene while the object was being loaded into a truck. 12 what crashed in Kecksburg that day more than 50 years ago continues to remain the subject of much controversy (争议) and 13 ．Some people believe that it might have been a crashed Soviet satellite or the remains of some experimental test flight that went horribly wrong.There are even those who believe that the 14 was evidence of alien visits. Whatever the 15 ， the Kecksburg mystery is likely to last for many more years to come. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 1965 年在美国发现不明飞行物的情况以及人们对它的猜测。 1．A.abandoned B．lost C．earned D．changed 解析　结合上下文可知，此处是指这一事件获得(earn)了一个绰号。 答案　C 2．A.caught B．observed C．picked D．avoided 解析　根据上文中的“thousands of people across several states”可知，此处指人们观察(observe)到的情况。 答案　B 3．A.burned B．flew C．rushed D．moved 解析　根据空前的“a strange fireball”可知，此处应是指不明飞行物划过天空燃烧(burn)。 答案　A 4．A.sightings B．damage C．rumors D．panic 解析　根据上文描述可知，此处指数千人观察到的现象，sighting“看见，发现(尤指罕见的或短暂出现的事物)”符合语境。 答案　A 5．A.delighted B．crowded C．connected D．concerned 解析　根据第一段中的“raced across the US and crashed near Kecksburg”可知，这个小镇与这个事件联系(connect)最为紧密。 答案　C 6．A.areas B．fields C．caves D．woods 解析　根据下文中的“she saw strange blue thin lines of fire rising from the trees”可知，事件应发生在树林(wood)里。 答案　D 7．A.handed B．reported C．showed D．recalled 解析　此处表示一个小男孩的母亲向当局报告(report)。 答案　B 8．A.came across B．laid out C．looked for D．set off 解析　根据语境可知，人们查看现场时无意中发现(come across)一个奇怪的橡实形状的、有一辆小汽车大小的物体。 答案　A 9．A.familiar B．common C．strange D．meaningful 解析　本文描述的是一个神秘的事件，因此上面的文字也应是奇怪的(strange)。 答案　C 10．A.training B．investigation C．absence D．presence 解析　根据语境可知，一支军队驻守(presence)在坠毁现场，军官命令(order)普通人离开现场。 答案　D 11．A.begging B．forbidding C．ordering D．allowing 解析　参见上题解析。 答案　C 12．A.Exactly B．Naturally C．Possibly D．Especially 解析　解析　根据语境可知，此处指确切地说(exactly)，50多年前坠毁在那里的是什么东西依然是个谜。 答案　A 13．A.attack B．debate C．criticism D．suspicion 解析　根据语境可知，这个神秘事件仍然饱受争议和争论(debate)。 答案　B 14．A.object B．creature C．theory D．scene 解析　根据语境可知，甚至有人认为那个物体(object)是外星人访问的证据。文中多处出现的object是提示信息。 答案　A 15．A.case B．purpose C．design D．appearance 解析　根据语境可知，此处表示无论是什么情况(case)，发生在凯克斯伯格的神秘事件还会持续很多年。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$