Unit5 Section2 Using language(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We set out to paint　(paint) the whole house but finished only the front part yesterday. 2．The hotel clerk reminded me that if I wanted to leave today, I had to check out by noon. 3．Actually, everyone may go through a time when things seem to be going wrong, so here is no need to worry　(worry) so much. 4．Recently researchers have come to the conclusion that singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing anxiety and depression. 5．　What matters to a museum is not how many visitors it has, but how close it is to people's daily lives. 6．The question occurred to me where we should go to get the car repaired.We were in the middle of the forest at that time. 7．Richard swims three times a week after work.This is how/why he keeps fit. 8．How much one enjoys himself when travelling depends largely on whom he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. 9．This is where many people fall short: You should be washing your hands for at least 20 seconds. 10．It is uncertain what side effects the new medicine will bring about. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．如果你能在如何解决那些问题方面给我们一些建议，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to solve those problems. 2．明天会不会举行运动会取决于天气如何。 　Whether the sports meeting will be held tomorrow depends on what the weather is like　. 3．他没有出席会议的原因是他遇到交通堵塞了。 The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was that he had been caught in a traffic jam　. 4．令我惊讶的是通过努力有这么多人打破了世界纪录。 　What makes me surprised is that so many people broke the world records with efforts. 5．许多人认为每个公民都应该有良好的举止。 Many people have the idea that every citizen should have good manners　. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 I don't know 1.　whether you have noticed 2.　that some students don't want to walk to school.3.　What can be seen every day is that their parents drive them to school.But nowadays, what we should realize is 4.　that the air is seriously polluted.Do you know 5.　what we can do about it? I think it is important 6.　that we should take action right now.Here I have a suggestion 7.　that we should ride our bikes to school! 8.　How we can do it will not only have significant benefits for our health, but also help improve our environment.9.　Whether we will have a better environment depends on 10.　what we can do for ourselves and for nature. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Would you sail over 12，900 kilometres across the Pacific Ocean in a boat made from plastic bottles? In 2010, a crew of six people did.They sailed on the Plastiki, an 18.3­metre boat made from recycled materials.Everything about the Plastiki was environmentally friendly.The sails were produced from recycled plastic and the masts that held them from used aluminum pipes.Organic materials, such as glue made from nuts and sugar, were used to keep the bottles in place.To power the boat, solar panels and wind turbines were used. During the journey, crew members lived in a plastic cabin.Their daily routine consisted of sleeping, eating and doing chores.For food, they mainly survived on fresh vegetables grown in a hanging garden as well as canned and dried food.They also ate fresh fish, but were surprised to discover that they found more plastic than fish.“From above, the oceans still look beautiful and untouched，” David said, “but just below the surface is this toxic stew that could quickly end up on our dinner plates.” The leader, David, organised the voyage in order to draw people's attention to the environmental dangers our oceans face and the need to recycle plastic.He planned to visit damaged coral reefs and islands in danger from rising sea levels.However, his most important objective was to see the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a huge mass of plastic particles floating in the North Pacific.David hoped that, by sailing through the Patch, he could show the world how serious plastic pollution had become. Unfortunately, the Plastiki was more difficult to control than expected.Therefore, the boat missed its main destination.However, the crew did make stops at islands in the mid­Pacific, where they picked up supplies and talked to local students.Along the way, they battled fierce ocean storms, torn sails and temperatures that reached up to 38 ℃. When the Plastiki finally sailed into Sydney's harbour, the crew were greeted by cheers.The Plastiki's journey had shown that if we understand how to use waste materials efficiently, they can be transformed into valuable resources.It had also revealed that it was more important than ever to deliver a serious message：our oceans are filling up with plastic faster than we thought. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了2010年，一组六人的船员乘坐回收的塑料瓶制成的船穿越太平洋的故事。 1．What was special about the Plastiki? A．It had high­tech equipment. B．It was made of green materials. C．It once crossed the Pacific Ocean. D．It had a professional crew on it. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They sailed on the Plastiki ...the bottles in place.”可知，Plastiki号是由绿色材料(环保材料)制成的。故选B项。 答案　B 2．What was the purpose of the Plastiki's voyage? A．To protect endangered ocean life. B．To test the safety of a new boat. C．To stop people using plastic products. D．To highlight the plastic waste problem. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, his most important objective ...pollution had become.”可知，他们航行的目的是强调塑料垃圾问题。故选D项。 答案　D 3．Which of the following best describes Plastiki's voyage? A．Boring but carbon­free. B．Controversial but fruitful. C．Aimless but comfortable. D．Challenging but significant. 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段内容以及最后一段中的“The Plastiki's journey had shown ...valuable resources.”可以推知，Plastiki号的航行具有挑战性但意义重大。故选D项。 答案　D 4．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph? A．Limited resources should be valued. B．Actions must be taken by individuals. C．Plastic waste can be turned into treasure. D．Environmental problems can be easily solved. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Plastiki's journey had shown that ...valuable resources.”可推知，塑料垃圾可以变成财富。故选C项。 答案　C B Sound may offer a creative way to take the ocean's temperature.Climate change is steadily warming the seas, which have absorbed about 90 percent of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases.This warming contributes to the sea­level rise, endangers species and influences weather patterns. But tracking the warming is tricky.Ship­based observations capture only snapshots in time over a tiny portion of the water.Satellite observations cannot enter very deep below the surface.The most detailed picture of ocean heat comes from Argo, which can drop down to around 6，500 feet.But there are only about 4，000 such floats, and they cannot sample deeper parts of the ocean. In a paper published in Science, researchers compared the travel speeds of sounds produced by undersea earthquakes to detect ocean warming over wider areas.Because sound travels faster in warmer water, differences in speed can reveal changing temperatures.“They're opening up a whole new area of study，” says geophysicist Frederik Simons. Inspired by those early efforts to measure ocean heat with sound, Caltech researcher Wenbo Wu thought to monitor low­frequency sound waves sent out by earthquakes below the seafloor.“I know these earthquakes are very powerful sources, ” Wu says, “so why not try to use the earthquakes？” He and his team tested the idea near Indonesia's island of Nias, where the Indo­Australian Plate is bumping under the Sunda Plate.The researchers gathered sound data from 4，272 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or greater from 2004 to 2016, and they compared sound wave speeds from quakes that originated in the same spot over the years.By modeling the differences, often just fractions of a second, they found that the ocean near Nias was warming by about 0.08 degree Fahrenheit per decade — more than the 0.047 degree F suggested by Argo's data.Less than one degree F does not sound large, but it takes considerable heat to warm the entire eastern Indian Ocean. The new method is promising, says oceanographer Bruce Howe.Meanwhile Simons and his colleagues are exploring an alternative technique, employing dozens of underwater microphones called hydrophones to catch more earthquake sounds.He notes that finding out the floats' precise locations will be challenging, however.“Overcoming such challenges would fill in important gaps，” Wu says.“We really need different methods of gathering the data as much as possible，” he adds. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了利用声音测量海洋温度的相关内容。由于声音在不同温度的海水中传播速度不一样，所以能用它检测海洋变暖。 5．What do people do to take ocean's temperature? A．Ships sail across all the ocean to take photos. B．Satellites are used to provide data on ocean heat. C.Argo enters the deepest seas for detailed pictures. D．The numbers of floats hit a record high for samples. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Satellite observations cannot enter very deep below the surface.”可知，人们会利用卫星去收集海洋温度方面的数据，故B项正确。根据第二段中的“Ship­based observations capture only snapshots in time over a tiny portion of the water.”可知，船只能检测到一小部分水域，故A项错误；根据第二段中的“The most detailed picture of ocean heat comes from Argo ...they cannot sample deeper parts of the ocean.”可知，Argo不能进入最深的海域，故C项错误；D项文中未提及。 答案　B 6．Why can sound be a method for detecting ocean warming? A．Because its speed varies with the temperature of water. B．Because it accompanies earthquakes below the seafloor. C．Because it is approved by researchers. D．Because its value has been proved by previous efforts. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Because sound travels faster in warmer water, differences in speed can reveal changing temperatures.”可知，由于声音在不同温度的水域传播速度不同，所以速度之间的差异可以显示温度的变化，因此，声音可以被用来检测海洋变暖，故A项正确。 答案　A 7．What is the similarity between the studies by Wu and Simons? A．They use hydrophones as floats. B．They exchange their data with Argo. C．They meet the same trouble at work. D．They employ new research methods. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Caltech researcher Wenbo Wu thought to monitor low­frequency sound waves sent out by earthquakes below the seafloor.”和最后一段中的“Meanwhile Simons and his colleagues ...more earthquake sounds.”可知， Wu和Simons都使用了新的研究方法，故D项正确。 答案　D 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．Undersea Earthquakes B．Climate and Seas C．Sound and Ocean Heat D．New Method Found 解析　标题归纳题。根据本文的中心句“Sound may offer a creative way to take the ocean's temperature.”和其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了利用声音测量海洋温度的研究方法， 故C项最适合作本文的标题。 答案　C Ⅱ.七选五 The Mystery of Flight 19 The name “Bermuda Triangle” as it is referred to by some is an unofficial title for the triangular area of the Atlantic between Florida, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico.The area covers over a million square kilometres of the ocean. 1 Among them is the mysterious disappearance of all the planes of the US Navy, Flight 19. 2 One is the popular belief that supernatural forces were at play.Some theorize that aliens took away the craft and sent them to another planet.Some theorize that monsters were doing their handiwork.One thing is certain.There were very strange forces at work during these disappearances, and logical theories and explanations have fallen short of satisfying skeptics. 3 This part of the Atlantic is subject to sudden storms.The Gulf Stream, which flows through this part of the Atlantic, can quickly erase evidence of disasters from the sea.On the ocean floor, there is a mixture of shoals(浅滩) and deep trenches, creating unpredictable conditions. 4 People travel in this area in craft that are too small to withstand the conditions, and are without the experience to respond in a satisfactory way when conditions change. The US Coast Guard prefers to dispel any idea of supernatural forces at play. 5 They think that human error, natural forces, and coincidence are reasons responsible for these unsolved disasters. A．They would have run low on fuel. B．They prefer to accept a logical viewpoint. C.There are two schools of thought on these disappearances. D．The disappearance of the search plane was much stranger. E．In addition to environmental causes is the concept of human error. F．A more logical way of thinking is to consider the many natural explanations. G．And it is famous for the unexplained disappearances of many ships and airplanes. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对美国Flight 19飞行中队在百慕大三角消失的原因持有的不同观点。 1．解析　设空处下文提到其中之一是美国Flight 19飞行中队的神秘消失，由此推知设空处说的是“Among them”中的them的情况。分析选项可知G项与下文衔接紧密，下文是G项中所说的“许多船和飞机神秘消失”的其中一个例子，且G项中的“unexplained disappearances”与下文中的“mysterious disappearance”对应，下文中的“them”指代G项中的“unexplained disappearances of many ships and airplanes”。故选G。 答案　G 2．解析　根据下文中的“One is the popular belief that supernatural forces were at play.” “Some theorize that...Some theorize that...”可知，本段讲的是人们对神秘消失事件的看法。分析选项可知，C项中的“these disappearances”承接上一段最后提到的神秘消失现象，C项中的“two schools of thought on these disappearances”又引出下文关于神秘消失现象的观点，是对下文的概括，承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 答案　C 3．解析　上一段介绍了人们关于神秘消失事件的其中一种观点。根据下文中的“This part of the Atlantic is subject to sudden storms...unpredictable conditions.”可知，下文提到的内容都是从自然科学的角度给出的解释。分析选项可知F项将前后两种观点进行了比较，说明从自然科学角度给出的解释比上文中提到的超自然力量更合乎逻辑，承接上文，同时引出下文对自然科学角度的解释的介绍，承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 答案　F 4．解析　根据下文中的“People travel in this area...when conditions change.”可知，下文对人为因素进行了介绍。E项承接上文的环境因素，同时引出下文对人为因素的介绍，承上启下，说明除了上文提到的自然因素之外，还有人为因素在内。故选E。 答案　E 5．解析　下文是对设空处的补充说明。根据上文“The US Coast Guard prefers to dispel any idea of supernatural forces at play.”以及下文“They think that human error, natural forces, and coincidence are reasons responsible for these unsolved disasters.”可知，美国海岸警卫队主张消除那些超自然力量的观点，更倾向于接受合乎逻辑的观点。故选B。 答案　B Ⅲ.语法填空 Today, much of the world's ocean is still a mystery.Only 5 percent of it 1. (explore) so far.In fact, we know more about some areas of Mars 2. some parts of the world's ocean. New technology, however, is helping scientists explore these 3. (hide) worlds.For example, scientists are using an underwater vehicle called DeepSee to explore seamounts—underwater mountains.Scientists have used DeepSee to study Las Gemelas, an area of seamounts near Costa Rica.A huge variety 4. species live around Las Gemelas.Some of these species may have chemicals 5. can help people fight illnesses. The 6. (deep) location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.The ocean floor there is about 11，000 meters deep.In 2012, filmmaker and explorer James Cameron 7. (reach) the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called Deepsea Challenger.He was the first 8. (complete) the journey alone.Cameron took 9. (photo) and made videos on the ocean floor.Deep­sea exploration also helps us in other ways.For example, we are learning how underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis (海啸).As Cameron says, “This is the beginning of 10. (open) up a new frontier.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜，新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。 1．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据so far可知，句子时态用现在完成时，又因主谓之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语5 percent of it是单数，所以用现在完成时的被动语态has been explored。 答案　has been explored　 2．解析　考查介词。根据more修饰比较级可知，空处应用表示比较的介词than。 答案　than　 3．解析　考查形容词。根据worlds可知，空处应用形容词作定语。 答案　hidden　 4．解析　考查介词。a huge variety of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。 答案　of　 5．解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词chemicals指物，应用关系词that或which。 答案　that/which　 6．解析　考查形容词的最高级。the后跟形容词的最高级修饰名词location。 答案　deepest　 7．解析　考查动词的时态。根据In 2012可知，句子描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时reached。 答案　reached　 8．解析　考查非谓语动词。the first后用动词不定式作后置定语。 答案　to complete　 9．解析　考查名词复数。photo是可数名词，前面无冠词，因此应用名词复数photos。 答案　photos　 10．解析　考查非谓语动词。of为介词，其后应用动名词作宾语。 答案　opening　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$